Oxford Psychiatry Library – serie

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a clinically and neurobiologically highly heterogenous mood disorder that consists of a variety of symptom clusters including mood symptoms, physical symptoms, and cognitive symptoms. While the traditional model of depression implicates mood as the primary symptom cluster, a more recently published conceptual understanding of depression has extended to also include cognitive symptoms. Moreover, the understanding of the central role of cognitive processes in emotion processing, social interaction, and pure cognitive performance has led to a model suggestion that places cognitive processing central to the pathophysiology of depression.Cognitive dimensions of depression have long been implicated in the nature of depression that are characterised typically by impaired cognitive and emotional processes. In the following volume the dimensions of cognitive function, emotion processing, and social cognitive processing are highlighted to comprehensively describe large parts of the clinical symptoms as well as the pathophysiology and biology of the brain-based disorder of depression. The focus on the above cognitive and emotional dimensions of depression offers extended and novel diagnostic and treatment approaches ranging from pharmacological to psychological interventions targeting those dimensions of depression.This volume informs about some of the more fundamental psychological, biological and clinical concepts that are applicable to the comprehensive treatment of depression and is suitable for students, trainees, clinicians and scientists in the fields of psychology, neuropsychology, psychiatry, cognitive neuroscience, neurology, general medicine / general practice and other health care professionals as it will also cover core knowledge and skills for training as well as practice.

A book written by experts in the field, its comprehensive coverage touches all the main areas of importance to those needing to understand and respond to one of the most pressing contemporary challenges in public mental health. As part of the Oxford Psychiatry Library series, this book covers topics such as the nature of self-harm, who it affects, and the reasons for self-harm especially in the young and in females. The important risk factors - individual, interpersonal, and societal - are identified and reviewed. Chapters on how to respond to individuals who self-harm cover the essentials of assessment, self-management, and brief interventions that may require specialist involvement. Population-level approaches to prevention are covered, as is intervention in special settings such as schools and prisons. Modern developments in the online world are also recognized as potential risks but also as potential resources. The challenges for those working in low income settings are acknowledged and discussed. Each chapter is informed by the latest research while remaining practical in its focus - with the key topics illustrated by real-world examples. While the book is aimed primarily at those working in health or social care, it is written in a style that will be accessible to many other professionals who are likely to encounter self-harm, including those working in education and with young people in community settings. Further reading offers practical guides for the interested professional who wants useful advice in an accessible format.

There is substantial contemporary interest in psychedelic agents as medicines for maladies of the mind. This follows research in the 1950s and 1960s exploring the use of LSD and other psychedelics to treat a range of psychiatric illnesses as well as addictions. This research was shut down after prohibition of these drugs, however the last decade has seen a major renewal of interest in the therapeutic use of psychedelics and related drugs in psychiatry. Psilocybin (found in 'magic mushrooms') has been used effectively for amelioration of distress in people with depression/anxiety in the context of potentially life-ending cancers, as well as for treatment-resistant depression and also addictions. MDMA ('ecstasy') has shown efficacy for severe post-traumatic stress disorder, with enduring benefit. Other psychedelics, both plant-derived (e.g., ayahuasca) and synthetically produced (e.g., LSD) are also being investigated for their potential therapeutic value. These agents not only herald a new neurobiology but also allow an integration of psychotherapy with biological compounds that is truly novel and that challenges established psychiatric practice. Furthermore, the action of these agents on the brain allows an exploration of how the brain works to 'open up' to psychotherapeutic healing. Published as part of the Oxford Psychiatry Library series, the book provides an overview of this hugely exciting field, covering the history of psychedelics, clinical aspects, risks and side effects, precautions and processes.

Providing clinicians and patients with the latest developments in research, this new edition is a succinct and practical introduction to the diagnosis, evaluation and management of OCD and other related disorders. Part of the Oxford Psychiatry Library series, this pocketbook includes individual chapters on the phenomenology, pathogenesis, pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy of OCD and other related disorders, and features fully updated content and research. The book also includes a helpful resources chapter, and an Appendix with summaries of the major rating scales used to assess patients with OCD, which will be of use to both clinicians and patients.Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Obsessive-compulsive-related disorders (OCRDs) are anxiety disorders characterized by obsessions and compulsions, and varying degrees of anxiety and depression. OCRDs are considered to be one of the most disabling of psychiatric disorders and they present a tremendous economic and social burden, both for the affected individual, their family, and for society at large. In contrast to other psychiatric conditions of a comparable or lesser prevalence and patient burden, relatively little is understood about the aetiology, and cognitive effects of OCRDs.

Treatment-resistant major depression and bipolar disorder are highly prevalent and disabling conditions associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The assessment and management of refractory patients with mood disorders is a major clinical challenge for mental health providers. Part of the Oxford Psychiatry Library (OPL) series, this pocketbook provides a concise view of the current definitions, assessment and evidence-based management of treatment-resistant mood disorders and reviews novel therapeutic targets for mood disorders, which may enhance the therapeutic armamentarium of clinicians in the near future. The pocketbook serves as a useful guide for mental health practitioners, including psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, trainees, and interested primary care physicians.

Part of the Oxford Psychiatry Library of pocketbooks, this user-friendly and practical guide will outline the diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of patients with schizophrenia. Co-authored by two global experts on the management of patients with psychosis, this pocketbook will serve as a useful guide for psychiatrists, trainees, psychiatric specialist nurses, and interested general practitioners. Schizophrenia is one of the most disabling mental illnesses and is also highly prevalent, occurring in approximately 1% of the population and affecting both men and women equally. The disorder has a typical onset of between 15 and 35 years of age and is characterised by impairments in reality, most commonly hallucinations and delusions. It is a highly complex condition and is often confused with other mental disorders such as bipolar disorder. This new edition will cover new DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and to reflect new data and include new longitudinal studies on psychiatric and medical co-morbidity, Genetic and environmental factors, new drug therapies, adherence and the role of depots, new advances in psychosocial therapies (CBT,ACT, & cognitive remediation) and includes an updated and expanded appendix.

This pocketbook serves as a concise and practical guide to the management of ADHD for child and adolescent psychiatrists and child psychologists, paediatricians, trainees, psychiatric specialist nurses, interested general practitioners, and other mental health professionals. The pocketbook provides a user-friendly introduction to the clinical understanding, evaluation, and treatment of ADHD. This edition has been updated to include new DSM-5 diagnostic criteria (May 2013) and to reflect more published studies on ADHD in the adult population, along with new data on the CNS stimulant drug LDX (Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate).

Psychiatric conditions of all kinds can present in sporting populations due to the high intensity physical effort, competition and anxiety associated with competitive sports. Mental illness is not just a health concern but is likely to have a significant impact on sporting performance and achievement. Part of the Oxford Psychiatry Library series, this concise and practical pocketbook covers the breadth of psychiatric conditions that can present in sportsmen and sportswomen. It provides practical and up-to-date guidance which is invaluable for all health professionals working within sporting communities. There are a variety of topics covered from 'Eating disorders' to 'Psychotropic drug prescribing' and it is based on the latest research to help health professionals working within sport better assess mental health problems and support those in need.

Over recent years research into suicidal behaviour has burgeoned, and the third edition of this successful pocketbook reflects major developments in the evidence base and clinical practice. New chapters cover risk assessment and system-wide approaches to suicide prevention, and the role of clinical guidelines and national policies is also considered. This edition features extensive updates to the epidemiology of suicidal behaviour across the world, and also considers the individual and societal causes of suicide, particularly the effect of recent economic downturns in many countries. The chapter on biological factors includes the current research on the genetics and neuroscience of suicide. The chapters on interventions discuss the latest evidence from systematic reviews and new randomized controlled trials and highlight implications for clinical practice. The positive and negative impacts of the web and social media on suicidal behaviour are a major focus of research activity and new sections have been included to reflect this. The 'Frequently Asked Questions' section was well received in the previous edition and this has been revised further to include new/updated FAQs on euthanasia, assisted suicide, and suicide martyrdom.Part of the Oxford Psychiatry Library series, this useful handbook is an invaluable resource and quick-reference guide.

Substance addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by a compulsion to take a substance despite potential consequences. Addiction, second edition offers a clear and succinct overview of the brain science underpinning substance addiction. Focusing on the nature of addiction as a brain disorder, this resource discusses a range of different behavioural traits such as impulsivity and reward dependence, and looks at the critical role of kinetic and pharmacological factors.All chapters have been fully updated to provide readers with a quick-reference guide to the latest research on pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for addition, and feature helpful key points and further reading sources. In addition, two new chapters on nicotine addiction and appetite hormones have been added to ensure the reader is kept abreast of the most recent discussions in the field of research.

Depression is ubiquitous, but the number and range of physical and cognitive symptoms associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) means that many people do not present with emotional symptoms. The high prevalence of MDD with other medical illnesses means that other health professionals and physicians must also recognize and manage clinical depression in their patients. Part of the Oxford Psychiatry Library series, Depression, 3rd edition offers readers a succinct guide to the diagnostic and treatment issues that clinicians will encounter when working with patients with MDD. Offering critical discussions on the latest research, from DSM-5 and ICD-11, to the Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) guidelines, Depression ensures readers are kept abreast of the latest research in concisely written chapters. Each chapter begins with helpful key points and features up-to-date references for further reading. In addition, useful scales for assessing cognition and quality of life are included in the appendix, including recommendations for the use of new scales such as the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ-5).Depression, 3rd edition is an invaluable resource and quick reference for busy clinicians wanting to expand their knowledge of current research. The book will appeal to clinical psychiatrists, trainees, specialist nurses, general practitioners, and other mental health professionals.

In comparison to the general population, people with schizophrenia and related disorders have poorer physical health and increased mortality. Whilst it is recognised that serious mental illnesses such as schizophrenia carry a reduced life expectancy, it is often assumed that suicide is the main cause of this disparity. In actuality, suicide accounts for no more than a third of the early mortality associated with schizophrenia: the vast majority is due to cardiovascular factorsPhysical Health and Schizophrenia offers a user-friendly guide to the physical health problems associated with schizophrenia and a clear overview of strategies and interventions to tackle these issues. Spanning eight chapters this resource covers the essential topics in a practical and easy-to-read format to suit the needs of busy clinicians. It also includes an appendix designed specifically for patients and carers, with practical tips on how to be actively involved in monitoring and managing physical health problems.Part of the Oxford Psychiatry Library series, Physical Health and Schizophrenia offers readers a fully up-to-date and valuable insight into this complex issue. With helpful key points at the start of each chapter and a clear layout, this is an essential resource for busy clinicians and researchers in any mental health field as well as those working in primary care.

Treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is common, affecting approximately a third of patients diagnosed. Despite the prevalence of TRS, the best approach to practical management is often unclear to clinicians and patients. Treatment Response and Resistance in Schizophrenia offers a practical, clinically focused guide to TRS and the real-world challenges faced by those impacted. Over 14 chapters this resource covers the principles and practice of TRS, from the definition, epidemiology, and clinical assessment, to the pharmacological, physical, and psychological management of treatment resistance. All chapters have been written by internationally leading experts in the field to ensure busy clinicians have high-quality, applicable content that is rooted in real clinical experiences. A chapter of case studies is included to link real-life scenarios to each of the instructive chapters, illustrating approaches to practical management and application.Part of the Oxford Psychiatry Library, this useful pocket book is an invaluable resource and quick reference for psychiatrists, psychiatry trainees, and other mental health practitioners, as well as clinical psychologists, primary care physicians, and specialist nurses.

Schizophrenia is one of the most severe psychiatric disorders, carrying with it significant stigma and a number of debilitating symptoms. While material on its "positive" symptoms, such as hallucinations and delusions, is readily available, its "negative" symptoms, which present heterogeneously as deficits across a variety of domains, are not nearly so well-documented and often go undiagnosed with no effective treatment. Given the poor functioning and outcomes which occur as a result of these symptoms, it is imperative they receive greater focus. Part of the Oxford Psychiatry Library (OPL) series, this concise pocketbook provides readers with a comprehensive overview of the definition, evaluation, and treatment of negative symptoms. Written by experts in the field, with key points at the beginning of each chapter for quick reference, this is an invaluable resource for any mental health care professional working with individuals affected by schizophrenia.

Psychiatric comorbidities such as depression, anxiety and substance use are extremely common amongst people with schizophrenia. They add to poor clinical outcomes and disability, yet are often not at the forefront of the minds of clinicians, who tend to concentrate on assessing and treating the core symptoms of schizophrenia, notably delusions and hallucinations. There is an imperative to assess every patient with schizophrenia for psychiatric comorbidities, as they might masquerade as core psychotic symptoms and also because they warrant treatment in their own right. This volume addresses these issues using a clinical lens informed by the current literature. Published as part of the Oxford Psychiatry Library series, the book serves as a concise and practical reference for busy clinicians.

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) was first characterized by Freud as part of anxiety neurosis and became part of the diagnostic nomenclature in 1980. GAD is a chronic condition, which affects between 6% -10% in the general population. It is associated with significant functional impairment and increased risk of adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease. It is also frequently found in conjunction with other psychiatric conditions, including mood and other anxiety disorders, and alcohol and substance abuse/dependence. Somatic symptoms are common in GAD, and patients diagnosed with GAD visit primary care physicians twice as often as patients with similar medical and socioeconomic backgrounds.Part of the Oxford Psychiatry Library series, this pocketbook provides a user-friendly overview of the characterization, diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of GAD in addition to differential diagnoses, pathogenesis, course and clinical co-morbidity associated with this disorder. Each chapter begins with a series of key points.

Panic disorder is characterized by sudden, unexpected attacks of intense fear and anticipatory anxiety. Panic attacks include symptoms such as palpitations, dyspnoea, dizziness, trembling, gastrointestinal discomfort and fear of dying. Therefore, patients with panic disorder often assume physical illnesses may underly their symptoms. They frequently consult psychiatrists and psychologists, but also general practitioners, cardiologists, neurologists and other medical specialists. Part of the Oxford Psychiatry Library series, this pocketbook will serve as a concise and practical manual for the management of patients with panic disorder in clinical practice. It provides a user-friendly guide to the diagnosis, etiology, and treatment of patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia.

Bipolar disorder affects up to 5% of the general population and the condition is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality.There has been an explosion of research into the neurobiology and treatment of bipolar disorder over the past 15 years. This has led to increased understanding of the disorder and development of many new treatments for this condition.Part of the Oxford Psychiatry Library, this concise pocket book covers the diagnostic aspects, clinical features, and biology of bipolar disorder, as well as current treatment strategies including psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy and somatic treatments. It serves as an invaluable quick reference for clinical psychiatrists, trainees, specialist nurses and other mental health care professionals, as well as interested general practitioners.

Depression affects between 10-15% of older people, making it the most frequently encountered mental health condition in later life. Despite this, the condition is easily missed in clinical practice or not adequately treated. Part of the Oxford Psychiatry Library, this second edition of Depression in Later Life highlights areas of depression which are of special relevance to later life, how to diagnose depression in an older person, the overlap with dementia and various other physical illnesses, and important pharmacological and psychological considerations. All chapters have been updated with new data where relevant, and case vignettes are included to ensure the book is relatable and easy to read.

Sleep dysfunction is one of the primary symptoms reported by patients with psychiatric disorders, and specifically those suffering from anxiety and depressive disorders. Conversely, primary insomnia and other sleep disorders produce symptoms of mood disturbance that are quite similar to those reported by patients with psychiatric disorders. Because of this overlap in the symptoms and treatments for insomnias and psychiatric disorders, it is important for clinicians to be able to accurately identify the root cause of sleep dysfunction in individual patients in order to optimize treatment. Part of the Oxford Psychiatry Library series, Sleep Disorders provides clinicians with an overview of current understanding of sleep physiology, the pathophysiology of sleep disturbance, and the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders. This second edition includes new sections covering sleep problems in children, sleep in the elderly, and sleep in pregnancy and menopause, as well as new algorithms from the British Association of Psychopharmacology's (BAP's) new Consensus Guidelines on the management of sleep disorders.

A practical guide to personality disorders, this pocketbook is written with clinical utility in mind. Case examples and a focus on evidence based treatments will give busy health professionals confidence when diagnosing and treating patients with personality disorders. Clear and concise, this book provides practical advice highlighted with useful 'key points' so that readers can find information quickly and easily. Personality Disorders outlines the principles of management, with a focus on pharmacological, psychotherapeutic, and social interventions.Personality disorder is an area of psychiatry with much confusion and controversy, and Dr Newton-Howes explores the current understanding of the field, including where there are gaps. Informed by the classification systems in ICD-10 and DSM-5, this book will serve as a practical reference for psychiatrists, psychiatric trainees, clinical psychologists, GPs with a special interest in mental health, and other mental health professionals.