Robin E. Grubs, PhD, LCGC is an Associate Professor of Human Genetics at the University of Pittsburgh. An active participant in national genetics organizations, Grubs served as President of the American Board of Genetic Counseling and as an Executive Committee member of the Genetic Counselor Educators Association. Currently, she is an Editorial Board member for the Journal of Genetic Counseling. She has published on genetic counseling education, psychosocial effects of genetic testing, ethical issues in genetic counseling and the use of qualitative methods in genetic counseling research. She is the recipient of the 2019 University of Pittsburgh Chancellor's Distinguished Teaching Award.Emily G. Farrow, PhD, CGC is an Associate Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine. As a genetic counselor and assistant clinical laboratory director, she has been active in the development and implementation of novel next generation sequencing tests. She hasnumerous publications on next generation sequencing, particularly in rare pediatric disease. Farrow is also the principle investigator for a genomic medicine short course, developed for the education of clinicians on genomic medicine. Michael J. Deem, PhD is an Associate Professor in the Department of Human Genetics and Core Faculty in the Center for Bioethics & Health Law at the University of Pittsburgh. He has published widely in philosophy and bioethics, and has taught ethics courses in genetic counseling, medicine, nursing, philosophy, and rehabilitation science programs for over a decade. He completed a Ph.D. in Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame and the Pediatric Ethics and Genomics Fellowship Children's Mercy Hospital.

• Contributors PrefaceAcknowledgments Part I: The Emergence and Establishment of the Genetic Counseling Profession1 - Negotiating Heredity, Choice, and Coercion: A Gendered History of Genetic Counseling and Reproductive Advice, 1910-1960 Devon Stillwell 2 - The Development of Education for Genetic Counselors Bonnie Jeanne Baty and Claire Davis 3 - The Professionalization of Genetic Counseling Vickie L. Venne and Edward M. Kloza Part II: Engaging in the Practice of Genetic Counseling4 - A Theory of Responsive Genetic Counseling Practice Robin E. Grubs and Maria Piantanida 5 - The Reciprocal-Engagement Model of Genetic Counseling Practice Patricia McCarthy Veach and Bonnie S. LeRoy 6 - New Perspective in Psychosocial Genetic Counseling Jon Weil Part III: Contexts of Genetic Counseling Practice 7 - Prenatal Genetic Counseling Sandra A. Darilek and Jennifer Hoskovec 8 - Pediatric Genetic Counseling Carol S. Walton 9 - Cancer Genetic Counseling Stephanie A. Cohen 10 - Specialization and Sub-Specialization in Genetic Counseling: Trends and Drivers Catherine A. Wicklund and Angela M. Trepanier 11 - The Genetic Counselor's Role in Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing Anne E. Greb 12 - Genetic Counselors as Researchers Julia Wynn and Tara Schmidlen 13 - Genetic Counselors in Marketing and Industry Elissa Levin and Edgar MacBean 14 - Genetic Counseling Approaches for Adolescents and Young Adults Melanie F. Myers and Wendy R. Uhlmann Part IV: Navigating Contemporary Issues in Genetic Testing and Genetic Counseling Practice 15 - Considerations Before Testing: Patient Education, Decision Making and Informed Consent Kelly E. Ormond 16 - Testing Strategies: Navigating the Path of Genetic Testing Lee A. Zellmer and Emily G. Farrow 17 - After the Test: Interpreting a Clinical ReportIsabelle Thiffault and Carol J. Saunders 18 - Genetic Counselor Liability and Licensure in the Genomics Era Susan M. Wolf, Gary E. Marchant, Hannah M. Oliason, Bonnie S. LeRoy 19 - Family History in Contemporary Genetics Debra L. Collins and Devin M. Cox 20 - Common and Complex Traits: Considerations for Genetic Counseling Eleanor Feingold 21 - Risk Assessment of Secondary Findings Eric T. Rush 22 - Genetics and Genetic Counseling in the Internet Age Lauren Gallagher and Leslie Ordal Part V: Normative Concepts and Ethical Issues in Genetic Counseling 23 - Nondirectiveness in Genetic Counseling: Conceptual and Normative DimensionsMichael J. Deem 24 - Communicating Family Information in Genetic Counseling: An Ethical PerspectiveSamantha J. Leonard and Ainsley J. Newson 25 - Genetic Counselors' Personal Reactions and the Ethical Implications for Genetic Counseling PracticePatricia McCarthy Veach and Krista Redlinger-Grosse 26 - Ethical and Social Issues Connected to Genetic Testing of Fetuses, Infants, and Children Dena S. Davis 27 - Genetic Counseling and the Problem of Exploitation Naomi Scheinerman 28 - Precision Medicine's Ethical Challenges: Roles for Genetic Counselors Lisa S. Parker Part VI: Culture, Disability, and the Social Effects of Genetic Counseling 29 - Cultural Responsiveness and Linguistic Competence in Genetic Counseling: Taking Responsibility Nancy Steinberg Warren 30 - Genetic Counseling Outcomes, Patient Empowerment, and the Genetic Counseling Outcome Scale Marion McAllister 31 - Reforming Informed Consent: On Disability and Genetic Counseling Elizabeth Dietz and Joel Michael Reynolds 32 - Genetics and Disadvantage: Inequity, Stigma, and Expectation Angus Clarke Part VII: The Future of Genetic Counseling 33 - Anticipating the Growth of Genetic CounselingMegan E. Trinkle-Tucker and Beverly M. Yashar 34 - Globalization of Genetic Counseling Mercy Ygoña Laurino and Austin E. Bland 35 - Growing Up with Genomes: Ethical and Practical Considerations of Prenatal and Postnatal Genomic SequencingMarsha Michie and Aaron J. Goldenberg 36 - Considering the Future of Genetic Counseling Deborah Cragun, Robert Resta, and Daniel Lee Riconda

Robin E. Grubs, PhD, LCGC is an Associate Professor of Human Genetics at the University of Pittsburgh. An active participant in national genetics organizations, Grubs served as President of the American Board of Genetic Counseling and as an Executive Committee member of the Genetic Counselor Educators Association. Currently, she is an Editorial Board member for the Journal of Genetic Counseling. She has published on genetic counseling education, psychosocial effects of genetic testing, ethical issues in genetic counseling and the use of qualitative methods in genetic counseling research. She is the recipient of the 2019 University of Pittsburgh Chancellor's Distinguished Teaching Award.Emily G. Farrow, PhD, CGC is an Associate Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine. As a genetic counselor and assistant clinical laboratory director, she has been active in the development and implementation of novel next generation sequencing tests. She hasnumerous publications on next generation sequencing, particularly in rare pediatric disease. Farrow is also the principle investigator for a genomic medicine short course, developed for the education of clinicians on genomic medicine. Michael J. Deem, PhD is an Associate Professor in the Department of Human Genetics and Core Faculty in the Center for Bioethics & Health Law at the University of Pittsburgh. He has published widely in philosophy and bioethics, and has taught ethics courses in genetic counseling, medicine, nursing, philosophy, and rehabilitation science programs for over a decade. He completed a Ph.D. in Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame and the Pediatric Ethics and Genomics Fellowship Children's Mercy Hospital.

• Contributors PrefaceAcknowledgments Part I: The Emergence and Establishment of the Genetic Counseling Profession1 - Negotiating Heredity, Choice, and Coercion: A Gendered History of Genetic Counseling and Reproductive Advice, 1910-1960 Devon Stillwell 2 - The Development of Education for Genetic Counselors Bonnie Jeanne Baty and Claire Davis 3 - The Professionalization of Genetic Counseling Vickie L. Venne and Edward M. Kloza Part II: Engaging in the Practice of Genetic Counseling4 - A Theory of Responsive Genetic Counseling Practice Robin E. Grubs and Maria Piantanida 5 - The Reciprocal-Engagement Model of Genetic Counseling Practice Patricia McCarthy Veach and Bonnie S. LeRoy 6 - New Perspective in Psychosocial Genetic Counseling Jon Weil Part III: Contexts of Genetic Counseling Practice 7 - Prenatal Genetic Counseling Sandra A. Darilek and Jennifer Hoskovec 8 - Pediatric Genetic Counseling Carol S. Walton 9 - Cancer Genetic Counseling Stephanie A. Cohen 10 - Specialization and Sub-Specialization in Genetic Counseling: Trends and Drivers Catherine A. Wicklund and Angela M. Trepanier 11 - The Genetic Counselor's Role in Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing Anne E. Greb 12 - Genetic Counselors as Researchers Julia Wynn and Tara Schmidlen 13 - Genetic Counselors in Marketing and Industry Elissa Levin and Edgar MacBean 14 - Genetic Counseling Approaches for Adolescents and Young Adults Melanie F. Myers and Wendy R. Uhlmann Part IV: Navigating Contemporary Issues in Genetic Testing and Genetic Counseling Practice 15 - Considerations Before Testing: Patient Education, Decision Making and Informed Consent Kelly E. Ormond 16 - Testing Strategies: Navigating the Path of Genetic Testing Lee A. Zellmer and Emily G. Farrow 17 - After the Test: Interpreting a Clinical ReportIsabelle Thiffault and Carol J. Saunders 18 - Genetic Counselor Liability and Licensure in the Genomics Era Susan M. Wolf, Gary E. Marchant, Hannah M. Oliason, Bonnie S. LeRoy 19 - Family History in Contemporary Genetics Debra L. Collins and Devin M. Cox 20 - Common and Complex Traits: Considerations for Genetic Counseling Eleanor Feingold 21 - Risk Assessment of Secondary Findings Eric T. Rush 22 - Genetics and Genetic Counseling in the Internet Age Lauren Gallagher and Leslie Ordal Part V: Normative Concepts and Ethical Issues in Genetic Counseling 23 - Nondirectiveness in Genetic Counseling: Conceptual and Normative DimensionsMichael J. Deem 24 - Communicating Family Information in Genetic Counseling: An Ethical PerspectiveSamantha J. Leonard and Ainsley J. Newson 25 - Genetic Counselors' Personal Reactions and the Ethical Implications for Genetic Counseling PracticePatricia McCarthy Veach and Krista Redlinger-Grosse 26 - Ethical and Social Issues Connected to Genetic Testing of Fetuses, Infants, and Children Dena S. Davis 27 - Genetic Counseling and the Problem of Exploitation Naomi Scheinerman 28 - Precision Medicine's Ethical Challenges: Roles for Genetic Counselors Lisa S. Parker Part VI: Culture, Disability, and the Social Effects of Genetic Counseling 29 - Cultural Responsiveness and Linguistic Competence in Genetic Counseling: Taking Responsibility Nancy Steinberg Warren 30 - Genetic Counseling Outcomes, Patient Empowerment, and the Genetic Counseling Outcome Scale Marion McAllister 31 - Reforming Informed Consent: On Disability and Genetic Counseling Elizabeth Dietz and Joel Michael Reynolds 32 - Genetics and Disadvantage: Inequity, Stigma, and Expectation Angus Clarke Part VII: The Future of Genetic Counseling 33 - Anticipating the Growth of Genetic CounselingMegan E. Trinkle-Tucker and Beverly M. Yashar 34 - Globalization of Genetic Counseling Mercy Ygoña Laurino and Austin E. Bland 35 - Growing Up with Genomes: Ethical and Practical Considerations of Prenatal and Postnatal Genomic SequencingMarsha Michie and Aaron J. Goldenberg 36 - Considering the Future of Genetic Counseling Deborah Cragun, Robert Resta, and Daniel Lee Riconda

Robin E. Grubs, PhD, LCGC is an Associate Professor of Human Genetics at the University of Pittsburgh. An active participant in national genetics organizations, Grubs served as President of the American Board of Genetic Counseling and as an Executive Committee member of the Genetic Counselor Educators Association. Currently, she is an Editorial Board member for the Journal of Genetic Counseling. She has published on genetic counseling education, psychosocial effects of genetic testing, ethical issues in genetic counseling and the use of qualitative methods in genetic counseling research. She is the recipient of the 2019 University of Pittsburgh Chancellor's Distinguished Teaching Award.Emily G. Farrow, PhD, CGC is an Associate Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine. As a genetic counselor and assistant clinical laboratory director, she has been active in the development and implementation of novel next generation sequencing tests. She hasnumerous publications on next generation sequencing, particularly in rare pediatric disease. Farrow is also the principle investigator for a genomic medicine short course, developed for the education of clinicians on genomic medicine. Michael J. Deem, PhD is an Associate Professor in the Department of Human Genetics and Core Faculty in the Center for Bioethics & Health Law at the University of Pittsburgh. He has published widely in philosophy and bioethics, and has taught ethics courses in genetic counseling, medicine, nursing, philosophy, and rehabilitation science programs for over a decade. He completed a Ph.D. in Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame and the Pediatric Ethics and Genomics Fellowship Children's Mercy Hospital.

• Contributors PrefaceAcknowledgments Part I: The Emergence and Establishment of the Genetic Counseling Profession1 - Negotiating Heredity, Choice, and Coercion: A Gendered History of Genetic Counseling and Reproductive Advice, 1910-1960 Devon Stillwell 2 - The Development of Education for Genetic Counselors Bonnie Jeanne Baty and Claire Davis 3 - The Professionalization of Genetic Counseling Vickie L. Venne and Edward M. Kloza Part II: Engaging in the Practice of Genetic Counseling4 - A Theory of Responsive Genetic Counseling Practice Robin E. Grubs and Maria Piantanida 5 - The Reciprocal-Engagement Model of Genetic Counseling Practice Patricia McCarthy Veach and Bonnie S. LeRoy 6 - New Perspective in Psychosocial Genetic Counseling Jon Weil Part III: Contexts of Genetic Counseling Practice 7 - Prenatal Genetic Counseling Sandra A. Darilek and Jennifer Hoskovec 8 - Pediatric Genetic Counseling Carol S. Walton 9 - Cancer Genetic Counseling Stephanie A. Cohen 10 - Specialization and Sub-Specialization in Genetic Counseling: Trends and Drivers Catherine A. Wicklund and Angela M. Trepanier 11 - The Genetic Counselor's Role in Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing Anne E. Greb 12 - Genetic Counselors as Researchers Julia Wynn and Tara Schmidlen 13 - Genetic Counselors in Marketing and Industry Elissa Levin and Edgar MacBean 14 - Genetic Counseling Approaches for Adolescents and Young Adults Melanie F. Myers and Wendy R. Uhlmann Part IV: Navigating Contemporary Issues in Genetic Testing and Genetic Counseling Practice 15 - Considerations Before Testing: Patient Education, Decision Making and Informed Consent Kelly E. Ormond 16 - Testing Strategies: Navigating the Path of Genetic Testing Lee A. Zellmer and Emily G. Farrow 17 - After the Test: Interpreting a Clinical ReportIsabelle Thiffault and Carol J. Saunders 18 - Genetic Counselor Liability and Licensure in the Genomics Era Susan M. Wolf, Gary E. Marchant, Hannah M. Oliason, Bonnie S. LeRoy 19 - Family History in Contemporary Genetics Debra L. Collins and Devin M. Cox 20 - Common and Complex Traits: Considerations for Genetic Counseling Eleanor Feingold 21 - Risk Assessment of Secondary Findings Eric T. Rush 22 - Genetics and Genetic Counseling in the Internet Age Lauren Gallagher and Leslie Ordal Part V: Normative Concepts and Ethical Issues in Genetic Counseling 23 - Nondirectiveness in Genetic Counseling: Conceptual and Normative DimensionsMichael J. Deem 24 - Communicating Family Information in Genetic Counseling: An Ethical PerspectiveSamantha J. Leonard and Ainsley J. Newson 25 - Genetic Counselors' Personal Reactions and the Ethical Implications for Genetic Counseling PracticePatricia McCarthy Veach and Krista Redlinger-Grosse 26 - Ethical and Social Issues Connected to Genetic Testing of Fetuses, Infants, and Children Dena S. Davis 27 - Genetic Counseling and the Problem of Exploitation Naomi Scheinerman 28 - Precision Medicine's Ethical Challenges: Roles for Genetic Counselors Lisa S. Parker Part VI: Culture, Disability, and the Social Effects of Genetic Counseling 29 - Cultural Responsiveness and Linguistic Competence in Genetic Counseling: Taking Responsibility Nancy Steinberg Warren 30 - Genetic Counseling Outcomes, Patient Empowerment, and the Genetic Counseling Outcome Scale Marion McAllister 31 - Reforming Informed Consent: On Disability and Genetic Counseling Elizabeth Dietz and Joel Michael Reynolds 32 - Genetics and Disadvantage: Inequity, Stigma, and Expectation Angus Clarke Part VII: The Future of Genetic Counseling 33 - Anticipating the Growth of Genetic CounselingMegan E. Trinkle-Tucker and Beverly M. Yashar 34 - Globalization of Genetic Counseling Mercy Ygoña Laurino and Austin E. Bland 35 - Growing Up with Genomes: Ethical and Practical Considerations of Prenatal and Postnatal Genomic SequencingMarsha Michie and Aaron J. Goldenberg 36 - Considering the Future of Genetic Counseling Deborah Cragun, Robert Resta, and Daniel Lee Riconda