Avia Pasternak is a Professor of Political Philosophy in the University of Toronto Department of Philosophy. She previously held permanent positions at University College London and The University of Essex, and visiting positions at Stanford University and Princeton University. She earned her PhD in Politics from the University of Oxford. She is the author of Responsible Citizens, Irresponsible States (Oxford, 2021), and the co-editor of a forthcoming volume on the ethics and politics of protest.

This book serves as a model for those engaging with the topic of violent protest in that it draws from empirical and historical resources while also borrowing heavily from the literature on the ethics of defensive violence. This is a powerful and effective combination.

• AcknowledgmentsCHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1.1 From Civil to Uncivil Disobedience1.2 Assessing Violent Political Resistance1.3 The Arguments of the Book 1.4 Plan of the BookCHAPTER 2: WHAT VIOLENT PROTESTORS WANT2.1 Violent Protests as Political Events2.2 Violent Protests as a Response to Domestic Injustice2.3 Violent Protestors' Goals2.4 Violent Protests' Key FeaturesCHAPTER 3: JUSTIFYING PROTECTIVE HARM3.1 Defensive and Protective Harm3.2 Necessity3.3 Effectiveness, Risk, and Chances of Success3.4 Proportionality and The Moral Weighing of Harm3.5 The Full Picture: Connecting the Three Criteria3.6 Resorting to Protest and Conduct in ProtestCHAPTER 4: THE NECESSITY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF VIOLENCE4.1 Political Options for Oppressed Citizens4.2 Expressive Goals and Violent Protest4.3 Violent Resistance Campaigns and Social ChangeCHAPTER 5: THE MORAL SERIOUSNESS OF HARM TO POLICE OFFICERS5.1 Damage to State Property5.2 Harm to State Officers: Culpable Contributions5.3 Harm to State Officers: Participation in the Police Force5.4 Three Concerns about FairnessCHAPTER 6: HARM TO FELLOW CITIZENS6.1 Citizens' Blame and Liability6.2 Grounding Liability in Benefits6.3 Citizens' Participation in State Wrongdoing6.4 Associative Political Obligations6.5 Duties of Rescue and AssistanceCHAPTER 7: REDISTRIBUTING PROTECTIVE HARM7.1 Indiscriminate Harm and Crowd Control in Violent Protests 7.2 Lesser-Evil Justifications of Excessive Harm7.3 Re-Distributing Excessive Harm7.4 Burdening the Oppressed7.5 Resisting Violent ProtestorsCHAPTER 8: ASSESSING VIOLENT PROTESTS8.1 The Seriousness of Direct Harm in Violent Protests8.2 A duty to Collectivize?8.3 The Problem of Brutal Response8.4 Assessing the Benefits of Violent Protests8.5 Core Features of the Permissible Violent ProtestCHAPTER 9: RESPONDING TO VIOLENT PROTESTORS9.1. Should the State Punish Justified Protestors?9.2 Implications for Protestors and Fellow Citizens9.3 Implications for the Criminal Justice System: Sentencing9.4 Implications for the Criminal Justice System: Restorative Justice10. CONCLUSIONSBIBLIOGRAPHY

Avia Pasternak is a Professor of Political Philosophy in the University of Toronto Department of Philosophy. She previously held permanent positions at University College London and The University of Essex, and visiting positions at Stanford University and Princeton University. She earned her PhD in Politics from the University of Oxford. She is the author of Responsible Citizens, Irresponsible States (Oxford, 2021), and the co-editor of a forthcoming volume on the ethics and politics of protest.

This book serves as a model for those engaging with the topic of violent protest in that it draws from empirical and historical resources while also borrowing heavily from the literature on the ethics of defensive violence. This is a powerful and effective combination.

• AcknowledgmentsCHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1.1 From Civil to Uncivil Disobedience1.2 Assessing Violent Political Resistance1.3 The Arguments of the Book 1.4 Plan of the BookCHAPTER 2: WHAT VIOLENT PROTESTORS WANT2.1 Violent Protests as Political Events2.2 Violent Protests as a Response to Domestic Injustice2.3 Violent Protestors' Goals2.4 Violent Protests' Key FeaturesCHAPTER 3: JUSTIFYING PROTECTIVE HARM3.1 Defensive and Protective Harm3.2 Necessity3.3 Effectiveness, Risk, and Chances of Success3.4 Proportionality and The Moral Weighing of Harm3.5 The Full Picture: Connecting the Three Criteria3.6 Resorting to Protest and Conduct in ProtestCHAPTER 4: THE NECESSITY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF VIOLENCE4.1 Political Options for Oppressed Citizens4.2 Expressive Goals and Violent Protest4.3 Violent Resistance Campaigns and Social ChangeCHAPTER 5: THE MORAL SERIOUSNESS OF HARM TO POLICE OFFICERS5.1 Damage to State Property5.2 Harm to State Officers: Culpable Contributions5.3 Harm to State Officers: Participation in the Police Force5.4 Three Concerns about FairnessCHAPTER 6: HARM TO FELLOW CITIZENS6.1 Citizens' Blame and Liability6.2 Grounding Liability in Benefits6.3 Citizens' Participation in State Wrongdoing6.4 Associative Political Obligations6.5 Duties of Rescue and AssistanceCHAPTER 7: REDISTRIBUTING PROTECTIVE HARM7.1 Indiscriminate Harm and Crowd Control in Violent Protests 7.2 Lesser-Evil Justifications of Excessive Harm7.3 Re-Distributing Excessive Harm7.4 Burdening the Oppressed7.5 Resisting Violent ProtestorsCHAPTER 8: ASSESSING VIOLENT PROTESTS8.1 The Seriousness of Direct Harm in Violent Protests8.2 A duty to Collectivize?8.3 The Problem of Brutal Response8.4 Assessing the Benefits of Violent Protests8.5 Core Features of the Permissible Violent ProtestCHAPTER 9: RESPONDING TO VIOLENT PROTESTORS9.1. Should the State Punish Justified Protestors?9.2 Implications for Protestors and Fellow Citizens9.3 Implications for the Criminal Justice System: Sentencing9.4 Implications for the Criminal Justice System: Restorative Justice10. CONCLUSIONSBIBLIOGRAPHY