Proportionality

Nikola Biller-Andorno is Chair of Biomedical Ethics and Director of the Institute for Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine at the University of Zurich, Switzerland. Having trained as a physician and philosopher, she specializes in biomedical ethics and has held positions at University of Göttingen (DE), the World Health Organization, and the Charité, Berlin (DE). Between 2012 and 2014, she was a visiting professor and Commonwealth Fund Harkness Fellow at Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Public Health, exploring ethical issues at the interface of healthcare management and economics; from 2016 to 2020, she held a fellowship at the Collegium Helveticum, a Swiss Institute of Advanced Studies, focused on the digital transformation of medicine. As a Past-President of the International Association of Bioethics and as Chair of the WHO Collaborating Centre Network for Bioethics, she has a keen interest in the global dimension of the key bioethical challenges our societies face.Julian W. März is a physician, lawyer, and bioethicist currently working as a research fellow at the Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine and the University Research Priority Program Innovative Therapies in Rare Diseases (ITINERARE) of the University of Zurich. Before joining the University of Zurich, he worked for the Division of Health Economics at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) in Heidelberg for three years, where he wrote his doctoral thesis in medicine. In parallel, he has worked as a research affiliate in pharmaceutical law for the Centre for Law, Medicine and Life Sciences of the University of Cambridge and as a lecturer in public health law at the IEP de Paris, and has been a visiting scholar at the Dutch Center for RNA Therapeutics (DCRT) and the Faculty of Law of the University of Cambridge. In October 2024, März was appointed as a member of the World Health Organization (WHO) Research Ethics Review Committee (ERC) for the 2024 - 2027 term.In parallel, he is acting as lead scientific advisor for the review and reform process of the Federal Law on the Genetic Testing of Humans (GUMG) by the Swiss federal government. Corine Mouton-Dorey is a physician and ethicist. After working as a cardiologist and researcher on myocardial metabolism in France (MD, post-graduate diploma in cardiology, DEA in cellular and molecular biology), Mouton-Dorey pursued research in the pharmaceutical industry in Paris, Frankfurt, and London (MBA at London Business School). She returned to the academic world, first at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (Institute of Clinical Nutrition), then at the University of Neuchâtel (Masters in Health Law) and at the University of Zurich (UZH) at the Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine (IBME), where she obtained her doctorate in biomedical ethics and law (new ethical framework for patient data). She coordinated a multidisciplinary approach to digital health as part of UZH's Digital SocietyInitiative. She is an affiliated researcher at the Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine at the Medical Faculty of the University of Zurich. She is interested in qualitative research, social ethics and the application of care ethics to ecology.Stéphanie Dagron is Professor of law at the University of Geneva with a special expertise in international social security law and global health law. She has a double appointment at the Faculty of Law and the Faculty of Medicine and is affiliated with the Global Studies Institute. Since 2013, Dagron practices international law in her work as a consultant for the World Health Organization (WHO) in the fields of tuberculosis, human rights, research ethics and infectious diseases. She is a member of the Swiss National Advisory Commission on Biomedical Ethics. Dagron's research focuses on the role of international law as an indispensable instrument to address global health issues and reinforce social justice.

• Nikola Biller-Andorno, Julian W. März, Corine Mouton-Dorey, and Stéphanie Dagron: Introduction 1: Justin Bernstein, Athmeya Jayaram, Brian Hutler, Jeff Jones, Travis Rieder, and Anne Barnhill: Proportionality and Uncertainty in Physical Distancing Policies in US States 2: Rodrigo López Barreda and Luca Valera: Proportionality and Resource Allocation in a Pandemic: The Example of Chile 3: Silvia Camporesi: Proportionality in Public Health Ethics, Fear, and State of Exception: A Critical Narrative Approach 4: Corine Mouton-Dorey, Bettina Schwind, Giovanni Spitale, Kristen Jafflin, and Nikola Biller-Andorno: Perceptions of Proportionality: An Empirical Study of Swiss Residents' Moral Considerations about COVID-19 Containment Measures 5: Euzebiusz Jamrozik: Proportionality and the Need for Evidence: A Case Study of Outdoor Public Health Interventions for Respiratory Viruses in Australia 6: Felicitas Holzer, Ivette María Ortiz Alcántara, Tobias Eichinger, Nikola Biller-Andorno, and Julian W. März: Inaction and the Proportionality Principle: A Review of the Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mexico 7: Stewart Adelson, Alice Miller, Daniel Newton, and Graeme Reid: Public Health Proportionality for Sexual and Gender Minority Youth 8: Heather Draper, Caroline Redhead, Anna Chiumento, Sara Fovargue, and Lucy Frith: Responding Proportionately to the COVID-19 Pandemic in UK Long-Stay Inpatient Pediatric Wards 9: Hui Yun Chan: Proportionality in Public Health Law: A Case Study of Singapore's Travel Restrictions for Migrant Healthcare Workers 10: Jakub P. Hlávka, Yimin Ge, Shengjia Xu, and Alexander M. Capron: COVID-19 Restrictions in Long-Term Care Facilities in the United States: Unintended Consequences and Possible Lessons 11: Settimio Monteverde: Proportionality Behind Locked Doors: Nursing Homes, Fundamental Rights, and Visit Restrictions During the Coronavirus Pandemic 12: Jonathan Hunger and Eva Kuhn: Mobile Vaccination Teams in Long-Term Care Homes for the Elderly in Germany During the COVID-19 Pandemic 13: Helen Keller and Viktoryia Gurash: Proportionality of the COVID-19 Measures: The European Court of Human Rights' Approach 14: Helen Keller and Violetta Sefkow-Werner: Proportionality and the Swiss Courts 15: Shelly Kamin-Friedman, Maya Peled-Raz, and Nadav Davidovitch: The Right to Privacy, Contact Tracing, and Public Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Israeli Case 16: Calvin Ho: The Principle of Proportionality and the Digitalization of Epidemic Countermeasures in Hong Kong Special Administrative Regions 17: Fruzsina Molnár-Gábor: Proportionality, Epidemiological Research, and Data Protection in a Pandemic 18: Jordan Parsons and Chloe Romanis: (Dis)proportionate Abortion Care Regulation and the COVID-19 Pandemic in Great Britain 19: Rishita Nandagiri and Luc´*ia Berro Pizzarossa: A Proportional Response?: Abortion Exceptionalism, Telemedicine, and the COVID-19 Pandemic in Great Britain