Ann C. Diver-Stamnes is an Assistant Professor in the Teacher Preparation Program at Humboldt State University in Arcata, California. She has published in the areas of poverty and its effects on adolescents, adolescent development, urban education, multicultural education, peer counseling and moral development.R. Murray Thomas is professor emeritus at the University of California, Santa Barbara.

• Preface Introduction: The Purpose of the Study A Framework for Interpreting Aims Two-Typologies--(1) Types of Aims and (2) Types of Sanctions Sanction/Aim Relationships Two Aspects of Sanctions and Aims--(1) the Nature of Reality and (2) Moral Value Commitments Overt Cognitive Sequences and Reasoning Styles Developmental Indicators Ways of Reasoning About Aims--From Child to Adult The Nature of the Interviews Proposed Sanctions and Aims Patterns of Causal Relationships--Linking Sanctions and Aims Overt Reasoning Styles Conceptions of God and the Sanctity of Life Views of Imprisonment Empathy and Sympathy Drugs and the Law Views of Retribution Lessons Learned References Appendix A: The Interview Guidesheet Index

Ann C. Diver-Stamnes is an Assistant Professor in the Teacher Preparation Program at Humboldt State University in Arcata, California. She has published in the areas of poverty and its effects on adolescents, adolescent development, urban education, multicultural education, peer counseling and moral development.R. Murray Thomas is professor emeritus at the University of California, Santa Barbara.

• Preface Introduction: The Purpose of the Study A Framework for Interpreting Aims Two-Typologies--(1) Types of Aims and (2) Types of Sanctions Sanction/Aim Relationships Two Aspects of Sanctions and Aims--(1) the Nature of Reality and (2) Moral Value Commitments Overt Cognitive Sequences and Reasoning Styles Developmental Indicators Ways of Reasoning About Aims--From Child to Adult The Nature of the Interviews Proposed Sanctions and Aims Patterns of Causal Relationships--Linking Sanctions and Aims Overt Reasoning Styles Conceptions of God and the Sanctity of Life Views of Imprisonment Empathy and Sympathy Drugs and the Law Views of Retribution Lessons Learned References Appendix A: The Interview Guidesheet Index