Stephen A. Chavura is an independent scholar who lectures in history at Campion College, SydneyIan Tregenza is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Modern History, Politics and International Relations, Macquarie University, AustraliaJohn Gascoigne is an Emeritus Professor in the School of Humanities, University of New South Wales

• AcknowledgementsAbbreviationsIntroductionIntroductionThe Secular over TimeA Christian Secular State?The Structure of the ArgumentPART I FROM ANGLICAN ESTABLISHMENT TO LIBERAL SEPARATIONISM1 Foundations: Church and State in Ancien Régime BritainFrom Toleration to PluralismReligion, Enlightenment, and Utility2 The Brief Rise and Fall of the Australian Colonial Established ChurchGovernor Macquarie and ReligionBishop Broughton in Defence of the Ancien RégimeThe Seeds of Pluralism3 The Coming of Plural Establishment Richard Bourke and the Church ActsThe Schools Question—Education and the StateResistance to Plural Establishment—The Old Order Fights BackThe Pluralist SettlementPluralism beyond ChristianityConclusionPART II FORGING THE SECULAR4 The Separation of Church and StateThe Victory for Voluntaryism in South AustraliaHyper-Protestant and Broad Church Approaches to the Church-State Question in NSW: Lang and WoolleyAbolition of State Aid in NSW and TasmaniaA Secular State in Victoria?Conclusion5 Education, Religion, and CitizenshipSecular Architects: Lowe, Rusden, Wilkins, and HiginbothamDisbelief in the ColoniesReligion and the Secular Education ActsConclusion6 A Secular Constitution? The Federation DebatesThe Recognition ClauseState Debates on a Recognition ClauseThe Religious Freedom ClauseConclusionPART III MIGRATIONS OF THE HOLY: ON THE SACRED ELEMENTS OF NATIONAL LIFE7 The Moral Economy of the Early Australian CommonwealthReligion, Socialism, and Factory LegislationThe Critique of Contract and the Living Wage—Neo-medievalism or Advanced Liberalism?The Moral Commonwealth—Secular or Sacred?Conclusion8 Civil Religion: From Civic Protestantism to the Anzac TraditionCivic Protestantism and the Theology of EmpireNation, Empire and the Sacred: From Empire Day to Anzac DayConclusion9 Citizenship, the Nation, and ReligionIdealism, the Broad Church, and the Moral Foundations of CitizenshipCitizenship, Gender and the Public Sphere: The Role of Protestant WomenSacral-Secular Citizenship and the Social Order between the WarsConclusionPART IV THE SHIFTING TERRAIN OF RELIGION AND THE SECULAR: FROM THE MID-TWENTIETH CENTURY TO THE PRESENT10 Christian Australia: Resurgence and RetreatDefending ‘Christian Civilisation’: The Second World War and the 1950s Religious RenewalSecularism, Conflict and the ‘Servile State’: John Anderson and his InfluenceCatholics, Secularism and the ‘Free Society’The Return of State AidConclusion11 Culture, Gender, Sexuality: Dechristianising the Sec

Stephen A. Chavura is an independent scholar who lectures in history at Campion College, SydneyIan Tregenza is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Modern History, Politics and International Relations, Macquarie University, AustraliaJohn Gascoigne is an Emeritus Professor in the School of Humanities, University of New South Wales

• AcknowledgementsAbbreviationsIntroductionIntroductionThe Secular over TimeA Christian Secular State?The Structure of the ArgumentPART I FROM ANGLICAN ESTABLISHMENT TO LIBERAL SEPARATIONISM1 Foundations: Church and State in Ancien Régime BritainFrom Toleration to PluralismReligion, Enlightenment, and Utility2 The Brief Rise and Fall of the Australian Colonial Established ChurchGovernor Macquarie and ReligionBishop Broughton in Defence of the Ancien RégimeThe Seeds of Pluralism3 The Coming of Plural Establishment Richard Bourke and the Church ActsThe Schools Question—Education and the StateResistance to Plural Establishment—The Old Order Fights BackThe Pluralist SettlementPluralism beyond ChristianityConclusionPART II FORGING THE SECULAR4 The Separation of Church and StateThe Victory for Voluntaryism in South AustraliaHyper-Protestant and Broad Church Approaches to the Church-State Question in NSW: Lang and WoolleyAbolition of State Aid in NSW and TasmaniaA Secular State in Victoria?Conclusion5 Education, Religion, and CitizenshipSecular Architects: Lowe, Rusden, Wilkins, and HiginbothamDisbelief in the ColoniesReligion and the Secular Education ActsConclusion6 A Secular Constitution? The Federation DebatesThe Recognition ClauseState Debates on a Recognition ClauseThe Religious Freedom ClauseConclusionPART III MIGRATIONS OF THE HOLY: ON THE SACRED ELEMENTS OF NATIONAL LIFE7 The Moral Economy of the Early Australian CommonwealthReligion, Socialism, and Factory LegislationThe Critique of Contract and the Living Wage—Neo-medievalism or Advanced Liberalism?The Moral Commonwealth—Secular or Sacred?Conclusion8 Civil Religion: From Civic Protestantism to the Anzac TraditionCivic Protestantism and the Theology of EmpireNation, Empire and the Sacred: From Empire Day to Anzac DayConclusion9 Citizenship, the Nation, and ReligionIdealism, the Broad Church, and the Moral Foundations of CitizenshipCitizenship, Gender and the Public Sphere: The Role of Protestant WomenSacral-Secular Citizenship and the Social Order between the WarsConclusionPART IV THE SHIFTING TERRAIN OF RELIGION AND THE SECULAR: FROM THE MID-TWENTIETH CENTURY TO THE PRESENT10 Christian Australia: Resurgence and RetreatDefending ‘Christian Civilisation’: The Second World War and the 1950s Religious RenewalSecularism, Conflict and the ‘Servile State’: John Anderson and his InfluenceCatholics, Secularism and the ‘Free Society’The Return of State AidConclusion11 Culture, Gender, Sexuality: Dechristianising the Sec

Stephen A. Chavura is an independent scholar who lectures in history at Campion College, SydneyIan Tregenza is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Modern History, Politics and International Relations, Macquarie University, AustraliaJohn Gascoigne is an Emeritus Professor in the School of Humanities, University of New South Wales

• AcknowledgementsAbbreviationsIntroductionIntroductionThe Secular over TimeA Christian Secular State?The Structure of the ArgumentPART I FROM ANGLICAN ESTABLISHMENT TO LIBERAL SEPARATIONISM1 Foundations: Church and State in Ancien Régime BritainFrom Toleration to PluralismReligion, Enlightenment, and Utility2 The Brief Rise and Fall of the Australian Colonial Established ChurchGovernor Macquarie and ReligionBishop Broughton in Defence of the Ancien RégimeThe Seeds of Pluralism3 The Coming of Plural Establishment Richard Bourke and the Church ActsThe Schools Question—Education and the StateResistance to Plural Establishment—The Old Order Fights BackThe Pluralist SettlementPluralism beyond ChristianityConclusionPART II FORGING THE SECULAR4 The Separation of Church and StateThe Victory for Voluntaryism in South AustraliaHyper-Protestant and Broad Church Approaches to the Church-State Question in NSW: Lang and WoolleyAbolition of State Aid in NSW and TasmaniaA Secular State in Victoria?Conclusion5 Education, Religion, and CitizenshipSecular Architects: Lowe, Rusden, Wilkins, and HiginbothamDisbelief in the ColoniesReligion and the Secular Education ActsConclusion6 A Secular Constitution? The Federation DebatesThe Recognition ClauseState Debates on a Recognition ClauseThe Religious Freedom ClauseConclusionPART III MIGRATIONS OF THE HOLY: ON THE SACRED ELEMENTS OF NATIONAL LIFE7 The Moral Economy of the Early Australian CommonwealthReligion, Socialism, and Factory LegislationThe Critique of Contract and the Living Wage—Neo-medievalism or Advanced Liberalism?The Moral Commonwealth—Secular or Sacred?Conclusion8 Civil Religion: From Civic Protestantism to the Anzac TraditionCivic Protestantism and the Theology of EmpireNation, Empire and the Sacred: From Empire Day to Anzac DayConclusion9 Citizenship, the Nation, and ReligionIdealism, the Broad Church, and the Moral Foundations of CitizenshipCitizenship, Gender and the Public Sphere: The Role of Protestant WomenSacral-Secular Citizenship and the Social Order between the WarsConclusionPART IV THE SHIFTING TERRAIN OF RELIGION AND THE SECULAR: FROM THE MID-TWENTIETH CENTURY TO THE PRESENT10 Christian Australia: Resurgence and RetreatDefending ‘Christian Civilisation’: The Second World War and the 1950s Religious RenewalSecularism, Conflict and the ‘Servile State’: John Anderson and his InfluenceCatholics, Secularism and the ‘Free Society’The Return of State AidConclusion11 Culture, Gender, Sexuality: Dechristianising the Sec