Chrisje Brants is Professor Emeritus of Law at Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK and Professor Emeritus of Criminal Law and Procedure at Utrecht University, the Netherlands. She is a member of the Association for International Criminal Justice and a Fellow of the European Law InstituteSusanne Karstedt is Professor in the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Griffith University, Australia, and Visiting Professor in the Faculty of Law of Hamburg University, Germany. She is a Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia. Nandor Knust is Associate Professor at the Arctic University of Norway with a focus on environmental and international crimes, and presently has an appointment as Professor of Law and Society at Fulda University of Applied Sciences. He leads ECO-CRIM-NET, a network dedicated to investigating environmental crimes.

'This timely volume highlights the enduring importance of transitional justice in an era where the rule-based international order faces increasing political pressure. The authors assess its established architecture and enforcement mechanisms and powerfully remind readers that political action must operate within international law—and that these shared values deserve vigilant protection today.'Philipp Ambach, Victims Participation and Reparations Section, International Criminal Court'Written by leading experts in the field, the volume adopts a broad, interdisciplinary approach to examining the key challenges confronting scholars and practitioners of transitional justice. Drawing on a range of case studies, the volume illustrates central controversies and developments and provides a valuable resource for both students and practitioners.'Olivera Simic, Griffith University, Australia

• 1. Introduction (Susanne Karstedt, Chrisje Brants and Nandor Knust) Part 1: Interrogating the Impact of Transitional Justice 2. The Social Construction of Effectiveness and Legitimacy in Transitional Justice (Chrisje Brants) 3. Divided Societies and Reconciliation: The Legitimacy of International Criminal Prosecutions (Birju Kotecha) 4. Transformative Justice and the Need for a Multi-Dimensional Understanding of Impact (Tine Destrooper) 5. Structural Legal Components of Transitional Justice (Nandor Knust) Part II: The Political in Transitional Justice: Networks, Actors, and Discourse 6. The Political in Transitional Justice (Line Engbo Gissel) 7. Transitional Justice between the Individual and the State: Reading Societal Responsibility for Atrocity into the Archives of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (Andy Aydın-Aitchison) 8. Human Rights Advocacy in International Criminal Justice: Whose Rights? Whose Justice? (Kjersti Lohne) 9. Narratives on Child Soldiers in Transitional Justice Discourses (Leonie Steinl) 10. Commissions in Transitional Justice: The Transnational Elites in the Engine Room (Mikkel Jarle Christensen) Part III: Lessons Learned for Transitional Justice? 11. Mainstreaming Transitional Justice in Africa: What South Sudan’s Experience Teaches (Kerstin Bree Carlson) 12. Security Forces’ Responses to Transitional Justice: From Violence to Diversion (Valérie Arnould) 13. Can All Types of Apologies Deliver Justice and Reconciliation? (Roman David and Victoria Wai-Lan Yeung) 14. Group Apologies in the Context of Transitional Justice: A Review of the Evidence (Magdalena Bobowik, Mirjana Rupar and Borja Martinović) 15. Effects of Testifying in Truth and Reconciliation Commissions in South America (Anderson Mathias, Dario Alexander Páez, Agustín Espinosa and Bernard Rimé)

Chrisje Brants is Professor Emeritus of Law at Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK and Professor Emeritus of Criminal Law and Procedure at Utrecht University, the Netherlands. She is a member of the Association for International Criminal Justice and a Fellow of the European Law InstituteSusanne Karstedt is Professor in the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Griffith University, Australia, and Visiting Professor in the Faculty of Law of Hamburg University, Germany. She is a Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia. Nandor Knust is Associate Professor at the Arctic University of Norway with a focus on environmental and international crimes, and presently has an appointment as Professor of Law and Society at Fulda University of Applied Sciences. He leads ECO-CRIM-NET, a network dedicated to investigating environmental crimes.

'This timely volume highlights the enduring importance of transitional justice in an era where the rule-based international order faces increasing political pressure. The authors assess its established architecture and enforcement mechanisms and powerfully remind readers that political action must operate within international law—and that these shared values deserve vigilant protection today.'Philipp Ambach, Victims Participation and Reparations Section, International Criminal Court'Written by leading experts in the field, the volume adopts a broad, interdisciplinary approach to examining the key challenges confronting scholars and practitioners of transitional justice. Drawing on a range of case studies, the volume illustrates central controversies and developments and provides a valuable resource for both students and practitioners.'Olivera Simic, Griffith University, Australia

• 1. Introduction (Susanne Karstedt, Chrisje Brants and Nandor Knust) Part 1: Interrogating the Impact of Transitional Justice 2. The Social Construction of Effectiveness and Legitimacy in Transitional Justice (Chrisje Brants) 3. Divided Societies and Reconciliation: The Legitimacy of International Criminal Prosecutions (Birju Kotecha) 4. Transformative Justice and the Need for a Multi-Dimensional Understanding of Impact (Tine Destrooper) 5. Structural Legal Components of Transitional Justice (Nandor Knust) Part II: The Political in Transitional Justice: Networks, Actors, and Discourse 6. The Political in Transitional Justice (Line Engbo Gissel) 7. Transitional Justice between the Individual and the State: Reading Societal Responsibility for Atrocity into the Archives of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (Andy Aydın-Aitchison) 8. Human Rights Advocacy in International Criminal Justice: Whose Rights? Whose Justice? (Kjersti Lohne) 9. Narratives on Child Soldiers in Transitional Justice Discourses (Leonie Steinl) 10. Commissions in Transitional Justice: The Transnational Elites in the Engine Room (Mikkel Jarle Christensen) Part III: Lessons Learned for Transitional Justice? 11. Mainstreaming Transitional Justice in Africa: What South Sudan’s Experience Teaches (Kerstin Bree Carlson) 12. Security Forces’ Responses to Transitional Justice: From Violence to Diversion (Valérie Arnould) 13. Can All Types of Apologies Deliver Justice and Reconciliation? (Roman David and Victoria Wai-Lan Yeung) 14. Group Apologies in the Context of Transitional Justice: A Review of the Evidence (Magdalena Bobowik, Mirjana Rupar and Borja Martinović) 15. Effects of Testifying in Truth and Reconciliation Commissions in South America (Anderson Mathias, Dario Alexander Páez, Agustín Espinosa and Bernard Rimé)

Chrisje Brants is Professor Emeritus of Law at Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK and Professor Emeritus of Criminal Law and Procedure at Utrecht University, the Netherlands. She is a member of the Association for International Criminal Justice and a Fellow of the European Law InstituteSusanne Karstedt is Professor in the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Griffith University, Australia, and Visiting Professor in the Faculty of Law of Hamburg University, Germany. She is a Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia. Nandor Knust is Associate Professor at the Arctic University of Norway with a focus on environmental and international crimes, and presently has an appointment as Professor of Law and Society at Fulda University of Applied Sciences. He leads ECO-CRIM-NET, a network dedicated to investigating environmental crimes.

'This timely volume highlights the enduring importance of transitional justice in an era where the rule-based international order faces increasing political pressure. The authors assess its established architecture and enforcement mechanisms and powerfully remind readers that political action must operate within international law—and that these shared values deserve vigilant protection today.'Philipp Ambach, Victims Participation and Reparations Section, International Criminal Court'Written by leading experts in the field, the volume adopts a broad, interdisciplinary approach to examining the key challenges confronting scholars and practitioners of transitional justice. Drawing on a range of case studies, the volume illustrates central controversies and developments and provides a valuable resource for both students and practitioners.'Olivera Simic, Griffith University, Australia

• 1. Introduction (Susanne Karstedt, Chrisje Brants and Nandor Knust) Part 1: Interrogating the Impact of Transitional Justice 2. The Social Construction of Effectiveness and Legitimacy in Transitional Justice (Chrisje Brants) 3. Divided Societies and Reconciliation: The Legitimacy of International Criminal Prosecutions (Birju Kotecha) 4. Transformative Justice and the Need for a Multi-Dimensional Understanding of Impact (Tine Destrooper) 5. Structural Legal Components of Transitional Justice (Nandor Knust) Part II: The Political in Transitional Justice: Networks, Actors, and Discourse 6. The Political in Transitional Justice (Line Engbo Gissel) 7. Transitional Justice between the Individual and the State: Reading Societal Responsibility for Atrocity into the Archives of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (Andy Aydın-Aitchison) 8. Human Rights Advocacy in International Criminal Justice: Whose Rights? Whose Justice? (Kjersti Lohne) 9. Narratives on Child Soldiers in Transitional Justice Discourses (Leonie Steinl) 10. Commissions in Transitional Justice: The Transnational Elites in the Engine Room (Mikkel Jarle Christensen) Part III: Lessons Learned for Transitional Justice? 11. Mainstreaming Transitional Justice in Africa: What South Sudan’s Experience Teaches (Kerstin Bree Carlson) 12. Security Forces’ Responses to Transitional Justice: From Violence to Diversion (Valérie Arnould) 13. Can All Types of Apologies Deliver Justice and Reconciliation? (Roman David and Victoria Wai-Lan Yeung) 14. Group Apologies in the Context of Transitional Justice: A Review of the Evidence (Magdalena Bobowik, Mirjana Rupar and Borja Martinović) 15. Effects of Testifying in Truth and Reconciliation Commissions in South America (Anderson Mathias, Dario Alexander Páez, Agustín Espinosa and Bernard Rimé)