Neil Vallance is an adjunct professor of law at the University of Victoria, undertaking ethno-historical research on Vancouver Island Treaty claims. Hamar Foster is a professor emeritus of law at the University of Victoria. He has co-edited five books and authored numerous articles on Aboriginal law and legal history. Graham Brazier is an independent scholar studying the human history of islands in the Salish Sea. John Lutz is a professor of history at the University of Victoria and author of Makúk: A New History of Aboriginal-White Relations. Peter Cook is an associate professor of history at the University of Victoria and has published in a variety of scholarly periodicals.Contributors: Keith Thor Carlson, Robert Clifford, Emchayiik Robert Dennis Sr., STOLCEL John Elliott Sr., Elmer George, Stephen Hume, Maxine Hayman Matilpi, Kevin Neary, Adele Perry, Sarah Pike, Chief Ron Sam, and Laura Spitz

The past is with us and history matters. Read To Share Not Surrender as a great example of how there can be different interpretations of the past.- Robin Fisher (The British Columbia Review) "To Share, Not Surrender is a book that could help every British Columbian to better understand the historical, political, and relational fabric of this province – and the obligations that flow from this."- Alan Hanna, University of Victoria (BC Studies) Until now, academic discussion of the Vancouver Island treaties has tended to be sparse, vague, and insufficiently attentive to Indigenous perspectives. In consequence, public knowledge of the Treaties, and especially the white settlers' collective failure to honour them, leaves much to be desired. To Share Not Surrender aims to overcome these shortcomings. In my opinion, it succeeds admirably. - Martin George Holmes, University of Otago (Journal of Australian, Canadian, and Aotearoa New Zealand Studies)

• Acknowledgments HaichkaForeword / Chief Ron SamPrefaceIntroduction / Graham Brazier, Peter Cook, Hamar Foster, John Lutz, and Neil VallancePart 1: First Nation and Colonial Understandings of Indigenous Land Rights1 Note on the Early Life and Career of James Douglas / Graham Brazier2 Indigenous Lands, Imperial Travels, and James Douglas / Adele Perry3 More or Less Human: Colonialism, Law, and the Social Construction of Humanity on Vancouver Island, 1849–1864 / Laura Spitz4 The Imperial Law of Aboriginal Title at the Time of the Douglas Treaties: What Was It? / Hamar FosterPart 2: Treaty Texts5 The Earliest First Nation Accounts of the Formation of the Vancouver Island (or Douglas) Treaties of 1850–1854 / Neil Vallance6 First Nation Language Texts of the Vancouver Island TreatiesIntroduction / Neil VallanceSENĆOŦEN Language Treaty Text / STOLCEL John Elliott Sr.Lekwungen Language Treaty Text / Elmer George7 Huu-ay-aht t'ayii hawil (Head Chief) liishin's Land Transaction with Government Agent William Banfield in 1859 / Kevin NearyPart 3: The Beginning and End of Treaty-Making on Vancouver Island8 Land, First Nations and James Douglas and the Background to Treaty-Making on Vancouver Island / Graham Brazier9 The Rutter's Impasse and the End of Treaty Making on Vancouver Island / John Sutton LutzPart 4: After the Treaties10 "For Ever Removing the Fertile Cause of Agrarian Disturbance": Governor James Douglas' British Columbia Unsurveyed Land System / Sarah Pike11 "The Last Potlatch": James Douglas' Vision of an Alternative Form of Settler Colonialism / Keith Thor CarlsonAfterword / Robert Clifford, Maxine Matilpi, and Stephen HumeAppendix: Timeline / Hamar Foster and Neil VallanceIndex

Neil Vallance is an adjunct professor of law at the University of Victoria, undertaking ethno-historical research on Vancouver Island Treaty claims. Hamar Foster is a professor emeritus of law at the University of Victoria. He has co-edited five books and authored numerous articles on Aboriginal law and legal history. Graham Brazier is an independent scholar studying the human history of islands in the Salish Sea. John Lutz is a professor of history at the University of Victoria and author of Makúk: A New History of Aboriginal-White Relations. Peter Cook is an associate professor of history at the University of Victoria and has published in a variety of scholarly periodicals.Contributors: Keith Thor Carlson, Robert Clifford, Emchayiik Robert Dennis Sr., STOLCEL John Elliott Sr., Elmer George, Stephen Hume, Maxine Hayman Matilpi, Kevin Neary, Adele Perry, Sarah Pike, Chief Ron Sam, and Laura Spitz

The past is with us and history matters. Read To Share Not Surrender as a great example of how there can be different interpretations of the past.- Robin Fisher (The British Columbia Review) "To Share, Not Surrender is a book that could help every British Columbian to better understand the historical, political, and relational fabric of this province – and the obligations that flow from this."- Alan Hanna, University of Victoria (BC Studies) Until now, academic discussion of the Vancouver Island treaties has tended to be sparse, vague, and insufficiently attentive to Indigenous perspectives. In consequence, public knowledge of the Treaties, and especially the white settlers' collective failure to honour them, leaves much to be desired. To Share Not Surrender aims to overcome these shortcomings. In my opinion, it succeeds admirably. - Martin George Holmes, University of Otago (Journal of Australian, Canadian, and Aotearoa New Zealand Studies)

• Acknowledgments HaichkaForeword / Chief Ron SamPrefaceIntroduction / Graham Brazier, Peter Cook, Hamar Foster, John Lutz, and Neil VallancePart 1: First Nation and Colonial Understandings of Indigenous Land Rights1 Note on the Early Life and Career of James Douglas / Graham Brazier2 Indigenous Lands, Imperial Travels, and James Douglas / Adele Perry3 More or Less Human: Colonialism, Law, and the Social Construction of Humanity on Vancouver Island, 1849–1864 / Laura Spitz4 The Imperial Law of Aboriginal Title at the Time of the Douglas Treaties: What Was It? / Hamar FosterPart 2: Treaty Texts5 The Earliest First Nation Accounts of the Formation of the Vancouver Island (or Douglas) Treaties of 1850–1854 / Neil Vallance6 First Nation Language Texts of the Vancouver Island TreatiesIntroduction / Neil VallanceSENĆOŦEN Language Treaty Text / STOLCEL John Elliott Sr.Lekwungen Language Treaty Text / Elmer George7 Huu-ay-aht t'ayii hawil (Head Chief) liishin's Land Transaction with Government Agent William Banfield in 1859 / Kevin NearyPart 3: The Beginning and End of Treaty-Making on Vancouver Island8 Land, First Nations and James Douglas and the Background to Treaty-Making on Vancouver Island / Graham Brazier9 The Rutter's Impasse and the End of Treaty Making on Vancouver Island / John Sutton LutzPart 4: After the Treaties10 "For Ever Removing the Fertile Cause of Agrarian Disturbance": Governor James Douglas' British Columbia Unsurveyed Land System / Sarah Pike11 "The Last Potlatch": James Douglas' Vision of an Alternative Form of Settler Colonialism / Keith Thor CarlsonAfterword / Robert Clifford, Maxine Matilpi, and Stephen HumeAppendix: Timeline / Hamar Foster and Neil VallanceIndex

Neil Vallance is an adjunct professor of law at the University of Victoria, undertaking ethno-historical research on Vancouver Island Treaty claims. Hamar Foster is a professor emeritus of law at the University of Victoria. He has co-edited five books and authored numerous articles on Aboriginal law and legal history. Graham Brazier is an independent scholar studying the human history of islands in the Salish Sea. John Lutz is a professor of history at the University of Victoria and author of Makúk: A New History of Aboriginal-White Relations. Peter Cook is an associate professor of history at the University of Victoria and has published in a variety of scholarly periodicals.Contributors: Keith Thor Carlson, Robert Clifford, Emchayiik Robert Dennis Sr., STOLCEL John Elliott Sr., Elmer George, Stephen Hume, Maxine Hayman Matilpi, Kevin Neary, Adele Perry, Sarah Pike, Chief Ron Sam, and Laura Spitz

The past is with us and history matters. Read To Share Not Surrender as a great example of how there can be different interpretations of the past.- Robin Fisher (The British Columbia Review) "To Share, Not Surrender is a book that could help every British Columbian to better understand the historical, political, and relational fabric of this province – and the obligations that flow from this."- Alan Hanna, University of Victoria (BC Studies) Until now, academic discussion of the Vancouver Island treaties has tended to be sparse, vague, and insufficiently attentive to Indigenous perspectives. In consequence, public knowledge of the Treaties, and especially the white settlers' collective failure to honour them, leaves much to be desired. To Share Not Surrender aims to overcome these shortcomings. In my opinion, it succeeds admirably. - Martin George Holmes, University of Otago (Journal of Australian, Canadian, and Aotearoa New Zealand Studies)

• Acknowledgments HaichkaForeword / Chief Ron SamPrefaceIntroduction / Graham Brazier, Peter Cook, Hamar Foster, John Lutz, and Neil VallancePart 1: First Nation and Colonial Understandings of Indigenous Land Rights1 Note on the Early Life and Career of James Douglas / Graham Brazier2 Indigenous Lands, Imperial Travels, and James Douglas / Adele Perry3 More or Less Human: Colonialism, Law, and the Social Construction of Humanity on Vancouver Island, 1849–1864 / Laura Spitz4 The Imperial Law of Aboriginal Title at the Time of the Douglas Treaties: What Was It? / Hamar FosterPart 2: Treaty Texts5 The Earliest First Nation Accounts of the Formation of the Vancouver Island (or Douglas) Treaties of 1850–1854 / Neil Vallance6 First Nation Language Texts of the Vancouver Island TreatiesIntroduction / Neil VallanceSENĆOŦEN Language Treaty Text / STOLCEL John Elliott Sr.Lekwungen Language Treaty Text / Elmer George7 Huu-ay-aht t'ayii hawil (Head Chief) liishin's Land Transaction with Government Agent William Banfield in 1859 / Kevin NearyPart 3: The Beginning and End of Treaty-Making on Vancouver Island8 Land, First Nations and James Douglas and the Background to Treaty-Making on Vancouver Island / Graham Brazier9 The Rutter's Impasse and the End of Treaty Making on Vancouver Island / John Sutton LutzPart 4: After the Treaties10 "For Ever Removing the Fertile Cause of Agrarian Disturbance": Governor James Douglas' British Columbia Unsurveyed Land System / Sarah Pike11 "The Last Potlatch": James Douglas' Vision of an Alternative Form of Settler Colonialism / Keith Thor CarlsonAfterword / Robert Clifford, Maxine Matilpi, and Stephen HumeAppendix: Timeline / Hamar Foster and Neil VallanceIndex