Hasan Kwame Jeffries is Associate Professor of History at The Ohio State University, where he holds a joint appointment at the Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity.

"Without succumbing to the temptation to paint the struggle for black equality in broad strokes, Jeffries isolates the locus of the issues that framed the movement and uses these to explain how, through a variety of social networks, the movement spread regionally and ultimately nationally... is an exceptional piece of scholarship. Jeffries has produced an important work that will unquestionably reshape the debate over the origins and legacy of the civil rights and black power movements for years to come." (Journal of American History) "Bloody Lowndes is an important book. The authors careful analysis of the 1966 election is both readable and quite useful to understanding the importance of the moment." (EverythingAlabama.com) "Jeffries examines the topic more thoroughly and in greater depth than any previous study, pressing the narrative back to Reconstruction but focusing most of his narrative and analysis on the mid-1960s and 1970s. The research is wide-ranging and in great depth, both in archival and oral history sources. . .this book is a needed and important addition to the historiography of the Civil Rights Movement." (CHOICE) "Hasan Kwame Jeffries Bloody Lowndesprovides a nuanced portrait of the marriage between federal policy initiatives and local activism in the battle to dismantle Jim Crow, focusing on the months from March 1965 through November 1966 when SNCC workers, led by Stokely Carmichael, were active in Lowndes County, Alabama." (American Studies) "Jeffries' book sets a new standard for the political history of African Americans in the rural South by refocusing on the mechanics of power taken, used, lost, and retaken between blacks and whites, rather than the larger fabric of social and cultural politics. Given the stark and still unrelieved inequalities of the black belt, thisis a salutary stance." - Van Gosse (Journal of Southern History) "An extensively researched, well-written, and extremely important book that will make a tremendous contribution to the historiography of the Civil Rights and Black Power movements." - Emilye Crosby,author of A Little Taste of Freedom: The Black Freedom Struggle in Claiborne County, Mississippi "Excellent scholarship, important history, and an invaluable contribution to understanding current and future conversations on race and politics in a dynamically changing political environment." - Charles V. Hamilton,co-author of Black Power: The Politics of Liberation "Jeffries has written the book historians of the black freedom movement have been waiting for. His beautifully written account rescues Lowndes County from its role as merely a backdrop to & Black Power, to being one of the key battlegrounds for democracy in the United States. Here are local people whose local struggles have contributed mightily to the kind of politics we desperately need in the Obama agethe politics of 'freedom democracy,' a politics born in Reconstruction, rooted in social justice and human rights, and honed in the Alabama cotton belt." - Robin D. G. Kelley,author of Freedom Dreams: The Black Radical Imagination "Jeffries is at the top of a very short list of 'young lions' paving the way for a new interpretation of the history of the Civil Rights-Black Power movement. His work on the legendary Lowndes County Freedom Organization is outstanding in terms of the breadth and carefulness of research, depth and clarity of conceptualization, organization and presentation of material, and the originality and the wealth of the results." - Komozi Woodard,author of A Nation Within a Nation: Amiri Baraka (LeRoi Jones) and Black Power Politics "Jeffriess Bloody Lowndes is an important contribution to the literature of the African American freedom struggle. Jeffries reveals the deep historical roots of black struggles against racial and economic oppression in the Black Belt. He makes clear that the civil rights reforms of the 1960s were insufficient responses to the & freedom politics that spawned the Lowndes County Freedom Organizationthe first Black Panther Party." - Clayborne Carson,author of In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s

• List of Maps and Illustrations List of Abbreviations Acknowledgments Introduction 1 Conditions Unfavorable to the Rise of the Negro: The Pursuit of Freedom Rights before the Civil Rights Era 2 I Didn't Come Here to Knock: The Making of a Grassroots Social Movement 3 We Ain't Going to Shed a Tear for Jon: School Desegregation, White Resistance, and the African American Response 4 I'm Going to Try to Take Some of the Freedom Here Back Home: The Federal Government and the Fight for Freedom Rights 5 We Gonna Show Alabama Just How Bad We Are: The Birth of the Original Black Panther Party and the Development of Freedom Politics 6 Tax the Rich to Feed the Poor: Black Power and the Election of 1966 7 Now Is the Time for Work to Begin: Black Politics in the Post-Civil Rights Era Epilogue: That Black Dirt Gets in Your Soul: The Fight for Freedom Rights in the Days Ahead Notes Bibliography Index About the Author

Hasan Kwame Jeffries is Associate Professor of History at The Ohio State University, where he holds a joint appointment at the Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity.

"Without succumbing to the temptation to paint the struggle for black equality in broad strokes, Jeffries isolates the locus of the issues that framed the movement and uses these to explain how, through a variety of social networks, the movement spread regionally and ultimately nationally... is an exceptional piece of scholarship. Jeffries has produced an important work that will unquestionably reshape the debate over the origins and legacy of the civil rights and black power movements for years to come." (Journal of American History) "Bloody Lowndes is an important book. The authors careful analysis of the 1966 election is both readable and quite useful to understanding the importance of the moment." (EverythingAlabama.com) "Jeffries examines the topic more thoroughly and in greater depth than any previous study, pressing the narrative back to Reconstruction but focusing most of his narrative and analysis on the mid-1960s and 1970s. The research is wide-ranging and in great depth, both in archival and oral history sources. . .this book is a needed and important addition to the historiography of the Civil Rights Movement." (CHOICE) "Hasan Kwame Jeffries Bloody Lowndesprovides a nuanced portrait of the marriage between federal policy initiatives and local activism in the battle to dismantle Jim Crow, focusing on the months from March 1965 through November 1966 when SNCC workers, led by Stokely Carmichael, were active in Lowndes County, Alabama." (American Studies) "Jeffries' book sets a new standard for the political history of African Americans in the rural South by refocusing on the mechanics of power taken, used, lost, and retaken between blacks and whites, rather than the larger fabric of social and cultural politics. Given the stark and still unrelieved inequalities of the black belt, thisis a salutary stance." - Van Gosse (Journal of Southern History) "An extensively researched, well-written, and extremely important book that will make a tremendous contribution to the historiography of the Civil Rights and Black Power movements." - Emilye Crosby,author of A Little Taste of Freedom: The Black Freedom Struggle in Claiborne County, Mississippi "Excellent scholarship, important history, and an invaluable contribution to understanding current and future conversations on race and politics in a dynamically changing political environment." - Charles V. Hamilton,co-author of Black Power: The Politics of Liberation "Jeffries has written the book historians of the black freedom movement have been waiting for. His beautifully written account rescues Lowndes County from its role as merely a backdrop to & Black Power, to being one of the key battlegrounds for democracy in the United States. Here are local people whose local struggles have contributed mightily to the kind of politics we desperately need in the Obama agethe politics of 'freedom democracy,' a politics born in Reconstruction, rooted in social justice and human rights, and honed in the Alabama cotton belt." - Robin D. G. Kelley,author of Freedom Dreams: The Black Radical Imagination "Jeffries is at the top of a very short list of 'young lions' paving the way for a new interpretation of the history of the Civil Rights-Black Power movement. His work on the legendary Lowndes County Freedom Organization is outstanding in terms of the breadth and carefulness of research, depth and clarity of conceptualization, organization and presentation of material, and the originality and the wealth of the results." - Komozi Woodard,author of A Nation Within a Nation: Amiri Baraka (LeRoi Jones) and Black Power Politics "Jeffriess Bloody Lowndes is an important contribution to the literature of the African American freedom struggle. Jeffries reveals the deep historical roots of black struggles against racial and economic oppression in the Black Belt. He makes clear that the civil rights reforms of the 1960s were insufficient responses to the & freedom politics that spawned the Lowndes County Freedom Organizationthe first Black Panther Party." - Clayborne Carson,author of In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s

• List of Maps and Illustrations List of Abbreviations Acknowledgments Introduction 1 Conditions Unfavorable to the Rise of the Negro: The Pursuit of Freedom Rights before the Civil Rights Era 2 I Didn't Come Here to Knock: The Making of a Grassroots Social Movement 3 We Ain't Going to Shed a Tear for Jon: School Desegregation, White Resistance, and the African American Response 4 I'm Going to Try to Take Some of the Freedom Here Back Home: The Federal Government and the Fight for Freedom Rights 5 We Gonna Show Alabama Just How Bad We Are: The Birth of the Original Black Panther Party and the Development of Freedom Politics 6 Tax the Rich to Feed the Poor: Black Power and the Election of 1966 7 Now Is the Time for Work to Begin: Black Politics in the Post-Civil Rights Era Epilogue: That Black Dirt Gets in Your Soul: The Fight for Freedom Rights in the Days Ahead Notes Bibliography Index About the Author

Hasan Kwame Jeffries is Associate Professor of History at The Ohio State University, where he holds a joint appointment at the Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity.

"Without succumbing to the temptation to paint the struggle for black equality in broad strokes, Jeffries isolates the locus of the issues that framed the movement and uses these to explain how, through a variety of social networks, the movement spread regionally and ultimately nationally... is an exceptional piece of scholarship. Jeffries has produced an important work that will unquestionably reshape the debate over the origins and legacy of the civil rights and black power movements for years to come." (Journal of American History) "Bloody Lowndes is an important book. The authors careful analysis of the 1966 election is both readable and quite useful to understanding the importance of the moment." (EverythingAlabama.com) "Jeffries examines the topic more thoroughly and in greater depth than any previous study, pressing the narrative back to Reconstruction but focusing most of his narrative and analysis on the mid-1960s and 1970s. The research is wide-ranging and in great depth, both in archival and oral history sources. . .this book is a needed and important addition to the historiography of the Civil Rights Movement." (CHOICE) "Hasan Kwame Jeffries Bloody Lowndesprovides a nuanced portrait of the marriage between federal policy initiatives and local activism in the battle to dismantle Jim Crow, focusing on the months from March 1965 through November 1966 when SNCC workers, led by Stokely Carmichael, were active in Lowndes County, Alabama." (American Studies) "Jeffries' book sets a new standard for the political history of African Americans in the rural South by refocusing on the mechanics of power taken, used, lost, and retaken between blacks and whites, rather than the larger fabric of social and cultural politics. Given the stark and still unrelieved inequalities of the black belt, thisis a salutary stance." - Van Gosse (Journal of Southern History) "An extensively researched, well-written, and extremely important book that will make a tremendous contribution to the historiography of the Civil Rights and Black Power movements." - Emilye Crosby,author of A Little Taste of Freedom: The Black Freedom Struggle in Claiborne County, Mississippi "Excellent scholarship, important history, and an invaluable contribution to understanding current and future conversations on race and politics in a dynamically changing political environment." - Charles V. Hamilton,co-author of Black Power: The Politics of Liberation "Jeffries has written the book historians of the black freedom movement have been waiting for. His beautifully written account rescues Lowndes County from its role as merely a backdrop to & Black Power, to being one of the key battlegrounds for democracy in the United States. Here are local people whose local struggles have contributed mightily to the kind of politics we desperately need in the Obama agethe politics of 'freedom democracy,' a politics born in Reconstruction, rooted in social justice and human rights, and honed in the Alabama cotton belt." - Robin D. G. Kelley,author of Freedom Dreams: The Black Radical Imagination "Jeffries is at the top of a very short list of 'young lions' paving the way for a new interpretation of the history of the Civil Rights-Black Power movement. His work on the legendary Lowndes County Freedom Organization is outstanding in terms of the breadth and carefulness of research, depth and clarity of conceptualization, organization and presentation of material, and the originality and the wealth of the results." - Komozi Woodard,author of A Nation Within a Nation: Amiri Baraka (LeRoi Jones) and Black Power Politics "Jeffriess Bloody Lowndes is an important contribution to the literature of the African American freedom struggle. Jeffries reveals the deep historical roots of black struggles against racial and economic oppression in the Black Belt. He makes clear that the civil rights reforms of the 1960s were insufficient responses to the & freedom politics that spawned the Lowndes County Freedom Organizationthe first Black Panther Party." - Clayborne Carson,author of In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s

• List of Maps and Illustrations List of Abbreviations Acknowledgments Introduction 1 Conditions Unfavorable to the Rise of the Negro: The Pursuit of Freedom Rights before the Civil Rights Era 2 I Didn't Come Here to Knock: The Making of a Grassroots Social Movement 3 We Ain't Going to Shed a Tear for Jon: School Desegregation, White Resistance, and the African American Response 4 I'm Going to Try to Take Some of the Freedom Here Back Home: The Federal Government and the Fight for Freedom Rights 5 We Gonna Show Alabama Just How Bad We Are: The Birth of the Original Black Panther Party and the Development of Freedom Politics 6 Tax the Rich to Feed the Poor: Black Power and the Election of 1966 7 Now Is the Time for Work to Begin: Black Politics in the Post-Civil Rights Era Epilogue: That Black Dirt Gets in Your Soul: The Fight for Freedom Rights in the Days Ahead Notes Bibliography Index About the Author