Mariana Llanos is Lead Research Fellow at the German Institute for Global and Area Studies and Extraordinary Professor of Democratic Institutions in the Global South at the University of Erfurt, Germany. In her research, she compares Latin American political institutions, with a particular focus on the presidency, presidential impeachments, and courts-executive relations.Leiv Marsteintredet is Professor at the Department of Comparative Politics, University of Bergen, where he also currently holds the position as Chair. Marsteintredet has mainly worked on political institutions and democracy in Latin America focusing on critical events such as coups, presidential breakdowns, and presidential impeachments.

• 1. Introduction: Latin American Presidential Democracies in Times of Turbulence  2. The Limits of Presidential Impeachment: Lessons from Latin America  3. Referendums about Presidential mandates: Deviations or Correctives?  4. Hyper-Presidentialism under Question: Evidence from Chile  5. The Power of the Administrative Decisions of Latin American Presidents  6. Latin American Legislatures during the Pandemic  7. Court–Executive Relations during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Business as Usual or Democratic Backsliding?  8. Democracy, Electoral Institutions and Digital Platforms in Latin America  9. Dynasties, Double-Dealings, and Delinquencies: Some Entangled Features of Subnational Politics in Mexico  10. Latin America’s Armed Forces in the 2020s: A Return to the Past or Something New?  11. Conclusion: The Political Consequences of the Pandemic in Latin America

Mariana Llanos is Lead Research Fellow at the German Institute for Global and Area Studies and Extraordinary Professor of Democratic Institutions in the Global South at the University of Erfurt, Germany. In her research, she compares Latin American political institutions, with a particular focus on the presidency, presidential impeachments, and courts-executive relations.Leiv Marsteintredet is Professor at the Department of Comparative Politics, University of Bergen, where he also currently holds the position as Chair. Marsteintredet has mainly worked on political institutions and democracy in Latin America focusing on critical events such as coups, presidential breakdowns, and presidential impeachments.

• 1. Introduction: Latin American Presidential Democracies in Times of Turbulence  2. The Limits of Presidential Impeachment: Lessons from Latin America  3. Referendums about Presidential mandates: Deviations or Correctives?  4. Hyper-Presidentialism under Question: Evidence from Chile  5. The Power of the Administrative Decisions of Latin American Presidents  6. Latin American Legislatures during the Pandemic  7. Court–Executive Relations during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Business as Usual or Democratic Backsliding?  8. Democracy, Electoral Institutions and Digital Platforms in Latin America  9. Dynasties, Double-Dealings, and Delinquencies: Some Entangled Features of Subnational Politics in Mexico  10. Latin America’s Armed Forces in the 2020s: A Return to the Past or Something New?  11. Conclusion: The Political Consequences of the Pandemic in Latin America