Edited by Simon Lindgren, Professor of Sociology and Director, DIGSUM Centre for Digital Social Research, Umeå University, Sweden

‘I highly and unreservedly recommend this excellent Handbook. It emerges as an indispensable text for those immersed in digital sociology, science and technology studies and blends rich theoretical insights with empirical analyses. It is a vital resource for anyone keen to critically explore the complex relationship between AI and society.’

• Contents:1Introducing critical studies of artificial intelligence1Simon LindgrenPART I AI AND CRITICAL THEORY: CONCEPTUAL DISCUSSIONS2Recursive power: AI governmentality and technofutures21Fenwick McKelvey and Jonathan Roberge3The danger of smart ideologies: counter-hegemonic intelligence andantagonistic machines33Peter Bloom4The becoming of AI: a critical perspective on the contingent formation of AI43Anna Jobin and Christian Katzenbach5Artificial intelligence and the problem of radical uncertainty56Robert Holton6Trading human autonomy for technological automation67Simona Chiodo7Automation anxiety: a critical history – the apparently odd recurrence ofdebates about computation, AI and labour79Caroline Bassett and Ben Roberts8AI, critical knowledge and subjectivity94Eran Fisher9Habits and habitus in algorithmic culture108Stefka Hristova10Algorithms and emerging forms of intimacy117Tanja Wiehn11It’s incomprehensible: on machine learning and decoloniality128Abeba Birhane and Zeerak Talat12Pragmatism and AI: a critical approach141Johnathan Flowers13Digital humanism and AI152Wolfgang Hofkirchner and Hans-Jörg Kreowski14Beyond AI solutionism: toward a multi-disciplinary approach to artificial intelligence in society163Simon Lindgren and Virginia Dignum15Artificial intelligence and social memory: towards the cyborgianremembrance of an advancing mnemo-technic173Samuel Merrill16Making sense of AI-influenced geopolitics using STS theories187Arun Teja PolcumpallyPART II AI IMAGINARIES AND DISCOURSES17Bothering the binaries: unruly AI futures of hauntings and hope at the limit199Amanda Lagerkvist and Bo Reimer18Imaginaries of artificial intelligence209Vanessa Richter, Christian Katzenbach and Mike Schäfer19Language of algorithms: agency, metaphors and deliberations in AI discourses224Kaisla Kajava and Nitin Sawhney20Technological failures, controversies and the myth of AI237Andrea Ballatore and Simone Natale21Marking the lines of artificial intelligence245Mario Verdicchio22The critical potential of science fiction254Miroslav Kotásek23A critical review of news framing of artificial intelligence266Ching-Hua Chuan24Media representations of artificial intelligence: surveying the field277Saba Rebecca Brause, Jing Zeng, Mike S. Schäfer and Christian Katzenbach25Educational imaginaries of AI289Lina RahmPART III THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF AI: DATAFICATION AND SURVEILLANCE26Critical AI studies meets critical political economy302Pieter Verdegem27The industry of automating automation: the political economy of theAI industry312James Steinhoff28AI, class societies and the social life of reason323Scott Timcke29Re-imagining democracy: AI’s challenge to political theory333Guy Paltieli30AI as automated inequality: statistics, surveillance and discrimination343Mike Zajko31Digital tracking and infrastructural power354Stine Lomborg, Rasmus Helles and Signe Sophus Lai32AI and the everyday political economy of global health367Michael Strange and Jason Tucker33Addressing global inequity in AI development378Chinasa T. OkoloPART IV AI TRANSPARENCY, ETHICS AND REGULATION34A critical approach to AI ethics391Rosalie A. Waelen35Power and inequalities: lifting the veil of ignorance in AI ethics402Anais Resseguier36Barriers to regulating AI: critical observations from a fractured field413Ashlin Lee, Will Orr, Walter G. Johnson, Jenna Imad Harb and Kathryn Henne37Why artificial intelligence is not transparent: a critical analysis of its threeopacity layers424Manuel Carabantes38How to critique the GDPR: when data protection is turned against theworking class435Carl Öhman39Four facets of AI transparency445Stefan Larsson, Kashyap Haresamudram, Charlotte Högberg, Yucong Lao, Axel Nyström, Kasia Söderlund and Fredrik Heintz40An inclusive approach to ascribing responsibility in robot ethics456Janina Loh41Machines and morals: moral reasoning ability might indicate how closeAI is to attaining true equivalence with human intelligence470Sukanto Bhattacharya42A women’s rights perspective on safe artificial intelligence inside theUnited Nations481Eleonore Fournier-Tombs43From ethics to politics: changing approaches to AI education493Randy Connolly44The transparency of reason: ethical issues of AI art504Dejan GrbaPART V AI BIAS, NORMATIVITY AND DISCRIMINATION45Learning about human behavior? The transcendental status of grammarsof action in the processing of HCI data516Andreas Beinsteiner46Algorithmic moderation: contexts, perceptions, and misconceptions528João Gonçalves and Ina Weber47Algorithmic exclusion538Kendra Albert and Maggie Delano48Prospective but disconnected partners: AI-informed criminal risk prediction549Kelly Hannah-Moffat and Fernando Avila49Power asymmetries, epistemic imbalances and barriers to knowledge: the (im)possibility of knowing algorithms563Ana Pop Stefanija50Gender, race and the invisible labor of artificial intelligence573Laila Brown51Machine learning normativity as performativity584Tyler Reigeluth52Queer eye on AI: binary systems versus fluid identities595Karin Danielsson, Andrea Aler Tubella, Evelina Liliequist and Coppélie Cocq53Representational silence and racial biases in commercial image recognition services in the context of religion607Anton Berg and Katja Valaskivi54Social media as classification systems: procedural normative choices inuser profiling619Severin Engelmann and Orestis Papakyriakopoulos55From hate speech recognition to happiness indexing: critical issues indatafication of emotion in text mining631Salla-Maaria Laaksonen, Juho Pääkkönen and Emily ÖhmanPART VI POLITICS AND ACTIVISM IN AI56Democratic friction in speech governance by AI643Niva Elkin-Koren and Maayan Perel57Automating empathy: overview, technologies, criticism656Andrew McStay and Vian Bakir58Ideational tensions in the Swedish automation debate: initial findings670Kalle Eriksson59En-countering AI as algorhythmic practice682Shintaro Miyazaki60Introducing political ecology of Creative-Ai691Andre HolzapfelPART VII AI AND AUTOMATION IN SOCIETY61Automated decision-making in the public sector705Vanja Carlsson, Malin Rönnblom and Andreas Öjehag-Pettersson62The landscape of social bot research: a critical appraisal716Harry Yaojun Yan and Kai-Cheng Yang63Introducing robots and AI in human service organizations: what are the implications for employees and service users?726Susanne Tafvelin, Jan Hjelte, Robyn Schimmer, Maria Forsgren, Vicenc Torra and Andreas Stenling64Critically analyzing autonomous materialities737Mikael Wiberg65Exploring critical dichotomies of AI and the Rule of Law749Markus Naarttijärvi66The use of AI in domestic security practices763Jens Hälterlein67Methodological reflections on researching the sociotechnical imaginariesof AI in policing773Carrie B. Sanders and Janet Chan68Emergence of artificial intelligence in health care: a critical review783Annika M. Svensson and Fabrice Jotterand69The politics of imaginary technologies: innovation ecosystems as political choreographies for promoting care robotics in health care793Jaana Parviainen70AI in education: landscape, vision and critical ethical challenges in the21st century804Daniel S. Schiff and Rinat Rosenberg-Kima71Critically assessing AI/ML for cultural heritage: potentials and challenges815Anna Foka, Lina Eklund, Anders Sundnes Løvlie and Gabriele Griffin72AI ethnography826Anne Dippel and Andreas Sudmann73Automating social theory845Ralph Schroeder74Artificial intelligence and scientific problem choice at the nexus of industryand academia859Steve G. Hoffman75Myths, techno solutionism and artificial intelligence: reclaiming AImateriality and its massive environmental costs869Benedetta Brevini76AI governance and civil society: the need for critical engagement 878Megan LePere-Schloop and Sandy ZookIndex891