Susan M. Brookhart is Professor Emerita in the School of Education at Duquesne University, USA, and an independent educational consultant.James H. McMillan is Professor in the Department of Foundations of Education in the School of Education at Virginia Commonwealth University, USA.

"For too long, the field of assessment has been divided into two camps: those focused on classroom assessment and those focused on large-scale standardized testing. The former group has concentrated more on students and curriculum and the latter on data and analytic techniques. Susan M. Brookhart and James H. McMillan have done a masterful job assembling a stellar cast of experts to bring together these two sub-fields of assessment. The fact that an assessment book with many chapters authored by some of the biggest names in large-scale assessment uses the word "student" 2,827 times, "learning" 1,578 times, and "instruction" 322 times (and "reliability" only 110 times!) provides me with hope that educational assessment can return to its most important purpose: providing the feedback that helps teachers teach better and students learn better. It should be read by every measurement expert."--Neal Kingston, University Distinguished Professor of Educational Psychology and Director of the Achievement and Assessment Institute at the University of Kansas, USA

• Contributor Biographies. Introduction, Susan M. Brookhart and James H. McMillan I. Classroom Assessment Information 1. Perspectives on the Validity of Classroom Assessments, Michael T. Kane and Saskia Wools 2. Cognitive Diagnosis is Not Enough: The Challenge of Measuring Learning with Classroom Assessments, Jacqueline P. Leighton 3. Language in Practice: A Mediator of Valid Interpretations of Information Generated by Classroom Assessments among Linguistically and Culturally Diverse Students, Alison L. Bailey and Richard Durán 4. Feedback and Measurement, Susan M. Brookhart 5. Discussion of Part I: Assessment Information in Context, James H. McMillan II. The Use of Classroom Assessment Information to Enhance Learning 6. Guidance in the Standards for Classroom Assessment: Useful or Irrelevant? Steve Ferrara, K. Maxey-Moore, and Susan M. Brookhart 7. Defining Trustworthiness for Teachers’ Multiple Uses of Classroom Assessment Results, Alicia C. Alonzo 8. Learning Progressions and Embedded Assessment, Derek C. Briggs and Erin M. Furtak 9. The Role of Technology-Enhanced Self and Peer Assessment in Formative Assessment, E. Caroline Wylie and Christine J. Lyon 10. Discussion of Part II: Should "Measurement" Have a Role in Teacher Learning about Classroom Assessment? Lorrie A. Shepard III. Emerging Issues in Classroom Assessment 11. Towards Measures of Different and Useful Aspects of Schooling: Why Schools Need Both Teacher Assigned Grades and Standardized Assessments, Alex J. Bowers 12. Digital Technologies: Supporting and Advancing Assessment Practices in the Classroom, Michael Russell 13. Fairness in Classroom Assessment, Joan Herman and Linda Cook 14. Discussion of Part III: Emerging Issues in Classroom Assessment, Mark R. Wilson

Susan M. Brookhart is Professor Emerita in the School of Education at Duquesne University, USA, and an independent educational consultant.James H. McMillan is Professor in the Department of Foundations of Education in the School of Education at Virginia Commonwealth University, USA.

"For too long, the field of assessment has been divided into two camps: those focused on classroom assessment and those focused on large-scale standardized testing. The former group has concentrated more on students and curriculum and the latter on data and analytic techniques. Susan M. Brookhart and James H. McMillan have done a masterful job assembling a stellar cast of experts to bring together these two sub-fields of assessment. The fact that an assessment book with many chapters authored by some of the biggest names in large-scale assessment uses the word "student" 2,827 times, "learning" 1,578 times, and "instruction" 322 times (and "reliability" only 110 times!) provides me with hope that educational assessment can return to its most important purpose: providing the feedback that helps teachers teach better and students learn better. It should be read by every measurement expert."--Neal Kingston, University Distinguished Professor of Educational Psychology and Director of the Achievement and Assessment Institute at the University of Kansas, USA

• Contributor Biographies. Introduction, Susan M. Brookhart and James H. McMillan I. Classroom Assessment Information 1. Perspectives on the Validity of Classroom Assessments, Michael T. Kane and Saskia Wools 2. Cognitive Diagnosis is Not Enough: The Challenge of Measuring Learning with Classroom Assessments, Jacqueline P. Leighton 3. Language in Practice: A Mediator of Valid Interpretations of Information Generated by Classroom Assessments among Linguistically and Culturally Diverse Students, Alison L. Bailey and Richard Durán 4. Feedback and Measurement, Susan M. Brookhart 5. Discussion of Part I: Assessment Information in Context, James H. McMillan II. The Use of Classroom Assessment Information to Enhance Learning 6. Guidance in the Standards for Classroom Assessment: Useful or Irrelevant? Steve Ferrara, K. Maxey-Moore, and Susan M. Brookhart 7. Defining Trustworthiness for Teachers’ Multiple Uses of Classroom Assessment Results, Alicia C. Alonzo 8. Learning Progressions and Embedded Assessment, Derek C. Briggs and Erin M. Furtak 9. The Role of Technology-Enhanced Self and Peer Assessment in Formative Assessment, E. Caroline Wylie and Christine J. Lyon 10. Discussion of Part II: Should "Measurement" Have a Role in Teacher Learning about Classroom Assessment? Lorrie A. Shepard III. Emerging Issues in Classroom Assessment 11. Towards Measures of Different and Useful Aspects of Schooling: Why Schools Need Both Teacher Assigned Grades and Standardized Assessments, Alex J. Bowers 12. Digital Technologies: Supporting and Advancing Assessment Practices in the Classroom, Michael Russell 13. Fairness in Classroom Assessment, Joan Herman and Linda Cook 14. Discussion of Part III: Emerging Issues in Classroom Assessment, Mark R. Wilson

Susan M. Brookhart is Professor Emerita in the School of Education at Duquesne University, USA, and an independent educational consultant.James H. McMillan is Professor in the Department of Foundations of Education in the School of Education at Virginia Commonwealth University, USA.

"For too long, the field of assessment has been divided into two camps: those focused on classroom assessment and those focused on large-scale standardized testing. The former group has concentrated more on students and curriculum and the latter on data and analytic techniques. Susan M. Brookhart and James H. McMillan have done a masterful job assembling a stellar cast of experts to bring together these two sub-fields of assessment. The fact that an assessment book with many chapters authored by some of the biggest names in large-scale assessment uses the word "student" 2,827 times, "learning" 1,578 times, and "instruction" 322 times (and "reliability" only 110 times!) provides me with hope that educational assessment can return to its most important purpose: providing the feedback that helps teachers teach better and students learn better. It should be read by every measurement expert."--Neal Kingston, University Distinguished Professor of Educational Psychology and Director of the Achievement and Assessment Institute at the University of Kansas, USA

• Contributor Biographies. Introduction, Susan M. Brookhart and James H. McMillan I. Classroom Assessment Information 1. Perspectives on the Validity of Classroom Assessments, Michael T. Kane and Saskia Wools 2. Cognitive Diagnosis is Not Enough: The Challenge of Measuring Learning with Classroom Assessments, Jacqueline P. Leighton 3. Language in Practice: A Mediator of Valid Interpretations of Information Generated by Classroom Assessments among Linguistically and Culturally Diverse Students, Alison L. Bailey and Richard Durán 4. Feedback and Measurement, Susan M. Brookhart 5. Discussion of Part I: Assessment Information in Context, James H. McMillan II. The Use of Classroom Assessment Information to Enhance Learning 6. Guidance in the Standards for Classroom Assessment: Useful or Irrelevant? Steve Ferrara, K. Maxey-Moore, and Susan M. Brookhart 7. Defining Trustworthiness for Teachers’ Multiple Uses of Classroom Assessment Results, Alicia C. Alonzo 8. Learning Progressions and Embedded Assessment, Derek C. Briggs and Erin M. Furtak 9. The Role of Technology-Enhanced Self and Peer Assessment in Formative Assessment, E. Caroline Wylie and Christine J. Lyon 10. Discussion of Part II: Should "Measurement" Have a Role in Teacher Learning about Classroom Assessment? Lorrie A. Shepard III. Emerging Issues in Classroom Assessment 11. Towards Measures of Different and Useful Aspects of Schooling: Why Schools Need Both Teacher Assigned Grades and Standardized Assessments, Alex J. Bowers 12. Digital Technologies: Supporting and Advancing Assessment Practices in the Classroom, Michael Russell 13. Fairness in Classroom Assessment, Joan Herman and Linda Cook 14. Discussion of Part III: Emerging Issues in Classroom Assessment, Mark R. Wilson