Religion and Social Crisis in Japan

RICHARD A. GARDNER Associate Professor of Religion, Faculty of Comparative Culture, Sophia University, Tokyo, JapanCHRISTOPHER W. HUGHES Research Fellow, Centre for the Study of Globalisation and Regionalisation, University of Warwick, EnglandMAEKAWA MICHIKO Department of Religious Studies, University of Tokyo and Researcher, Religious Information Centre, Tokyo, JapanMATSUDO YUKIO Lecturer, Institute of Ethnology, University of Heidelberg, GermanySHIMAZONO SUSUMU Professor, Department of Religious Studies, University of Tokyo, JapanWATANABE MANABU Professor and Permanent Fellow, Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture, Nanzan University, Nagoya, Japan

'This is an important book that tells us a great deal about Japanese society through its varied responses to Aum. It is essential reading for all religious studies scholars and anyone interested in understanding more about the background and consequences of a small group which performed a horrendous act that was to affect not only Japan but the entire world.' - Eileen Barker, London School of Economics and Political Science 'In looking at how the Aum affair has been treated in Japan - through assessments of the police investigations of Aum, religious, media and legal responses to it and the ways in which Aum members themselves came to view the actions of their leaders - Kisala and Mullins provide a detailed assessment of Japanese society's reaction to Aum Shinrikyo. In so doing they not only add considerably to studies of the affair (which have so far focused largely on the events relating to Aum's crimes and its attack on the Tokyo subway) but also shed valuable light on Japanese society and social processes when faced with the sort of religious-provoked crisis that Aum evoked. This book is essential reading for all who wish to understand Aum, the politics and dynamics of new religious movements, and modern Japanese society.' - Ian Reader, Lancaster University 'This book provides a window for English readers to view the social crisis in Japan precipitated by the 'AMU affair'. In addition to illuminating the various Japanese reactions to AMU Shinrikyo, the articles prompt questions about the 'brainwashing' issue, whether religion scholars should be in the business of warning the public about dangerous groups, what constitutes religion, the media's relations to new religious movement, whether illegal tactics by law enforcement agents should be condoned when used against members of criminal religious groups, the proper relationship between the state and religion, and the healthiness of an ascetic, introversionist, world-denying outlook. This is an important collection of essays.' - Catherine Wessinger, Loyola University '...an interesting and excellent work on the subject.' - Choice '...readers will gain important insights into how the Aum affair has become a cultural event...' - Gary L. Ebersole, Journal of Religion '...a very interesting collection of articles...' - Rodney Stark, University of Washington, Japanese Journal of Religious Studies

• Preface Notes on the Contributors Introduction; R.J.Kisala & M.R.Mullins The Evolution of Aum Shinrikyõ as a Religious Movement; S.Susumu The Reaction of the Police and Security Authorities to Aum Shinrikyõ; C.W.Hughes The Legal and Political Fallout of the 'Aum Affair'; M.R.Mullins Opposition to Aum and the Rose of the 'Anti-Cult' Movement in Japan; W.Manabu Religious Responses to the 'Aum Affair'; R.J.Kisala Aum and the Media: Lost in the Cosmos and the Need to Know; R.A.Gardner Back to Invented Tradition: A Nativist Response to a National Crisis; M.Yukio When Prophecy Fails: The Response of Aum Members to the Crisis; M.Michiko General Bibliography Index