JOHN S. DUNCAN is Professor of Neurology at UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Consultant Neurologist at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery. He serves as Governor of UCLH NHS Foundation Trust and Chair of the Scientific Advisory Committee for the Epilepsy Research Institute. Previously, he was Chair of ILAE Neuroimaging and Diagnostic Methods Committees, Medical Director of Epilepsy Society, Clinical Director of Queen Square Division of UCL Hospitals, Head of Department of Epilepsy at the Institute of Neurology, and President of the British branch of ILAE. LEY SANDER is Professor of Neurology at UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Consultant Neurologist at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, and Professor of Neurology at West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. He is a Trustee of SUDEP Action and serves on the Editorial Board of The Lancet Neurology. Previously, he was Head of Department of Epilepsy at the Institute of Neurology, Member of the Management Committee of the International League Against Epilepsy, Member of the Executive Committee of the International Bureau for Epilepsy, Medical Director of Epilepsy Society, Director for Research & Development at Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), and Director of the WHO Centre for Research & Training in Neurosciences.

• About the Editors viiList of Contributors ixForewords xiPreface xivAcknowledgements xvi1 What Is Epilepsy? 12 Epidemiology and Natural History 63 The Spectrum of Seizures and Epilepsies 144 Risk Factors for Epilepsy 315 Genetics of Epilepsy 436 Neuroscience of Epilepsy 507 Neurophysiology 608 Neuroimaging 779 The Role of Neuropsychology in the Management of People with Epilepsy 9510 First Seizure Clinic, Differential Diagnosis 10411 Medical Treatment 11212 Dietary, Psychological and Complementary Therapies 14713 Epilepsy in the Acute Medical Unit 15114 Status Epilepticus 15915 Epilepsy Surgery 16716 Epilepsy and Reproduction 18317 Epilepsy in Later Life 19318 Sleep and Epilepsy 19919 Epilepsy, Driving, and the Law 20620 Climate Change and Epilepsy 21521 Premature Mortality and Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy 21922 Epilepsy and Neurodegeneration 22523 Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Epilepsy 23524 Functional Dissociative Seizures 24125 Big Data and Artificial Intelligence 25226 Future Perspectives for Epilepsy 266Index 274

JOHN S. DUNCAN is Professor of Neurology at UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Consultant Neurologist at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery. He serves as Governor of UCLH NHS Foundation Trust and Chair of the Scientific Advisory Committee for the Epilepsy Research Institute. Previously, he was Chair of ILAE Neuroimaging and Diagnostic Methods Committees, Medical Director of Epilepsy Society, Clinical Director of Queen Square Division of UCL Hospitals, Head of Department of Epilepsy at the Institute of Neurology, and President of the British branch of ILAE. LEY SANDER is Professor of Neurology at UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Consultant Neurologist at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, and Professor of Neurology at West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. He is a Trustee of SUDEP Action and serves on the Editorial Board of The Lancet Neurology. Previously, he was Head of Department of Epilepsy at the Institute of Neurology, Member of the Management Committee of the International League Against Epilepsy, Member of the Executive Committee of the International Bureau for Epilepsy, Medical Director of Epilepsy Society, Director for Research & Development at Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), and Director of the WHO Centre for Research & Training in Neurosciences.

• About the Editors viiList of Contributors ixForewords xiPreface xivAcknowledgements xvi1 What Is Epilepsy? 12 Epidemiology and Natural History 63 The Spectrum of Seizures and Epilepsies 144 Risk Factors for Epilepsy 315 Genetics of Epilepsy 436 Neuroscience of Epilepsy 507 Neurophysiology 608 Neuroimaging 779 The Role of Neuropsychology in the Management of People with Epilepsy 9510 First Seizure Clinic, Differential Diagnosis 10411 Medical Treatment 11212 Dietary, Psychological and Complementary Therapies 14713 Epilepsy in the Acute Medical Unit 15114 Status Epilepticus 15915 Epilepsy Surgery 16716 Epilepsy and Reproduction 18317 Epilepsy in Later Life 19318 Sleep and Epilepsy 19919 Epilepsy, Driving, and the Law 20620 Climate Change and Epilepsy 21521 Premature Mortality and Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy 21922 Epilepsy and Neurodegeneration 22523 Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Epilepsy 23524 Functional Dissociative Seizures 24125 Big Data and Artificial Intelligence 25226 Future Perspectives for Epilepsy 266Index 274

JOHN S. DUNCAN is Professor of Neurology at UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Consultant Neurologist at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery. He serves as Governor of UCLH NHS Foundation Trust and Chair of the Scientific Advisory Committee for the Epilepsy Research Institute. Previously, he was Chair of ILAE Neuroimaging and Diagnostic Methods Committees, Medical Director of Epilepsy Society, Clinical Director of Queen Square Division of UCL Hospitals, Head of Department of Epilepsy at the Institute of Neurology, and President of the British branch of ILAE. LEY SANDER is Professor of Neurology at UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Consultant Neurologist at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, and Professor of Neurology at West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. He is a Trustee of SUDEP Action and serves on the Editorial Board of The Lancet Neurology. Previously, he was Head of Department of Epilepsy at the Institute of Neurology, Member of the Management Committee of the International League Against Epilepsy, Member of the Executive Committee of the International Bureau for Epilepsy, Medical Director of Epilepsy Society, Director for Research & Development at Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), and Director of the WHO Centre for Research & Training in Neurosciences.

• About the Editors viiList of Contributors ixForewords xiPreface xivAcknowledgements xvi1 What Is Epilepsy? 12 Epidemiology and Natural History 63 The Spectrum of Seizures and Epilepsies 144 Risk Factors for Epilepsy 315 Genetics of Epilepsy 436 Neuroscience of Epilepsy 507 Neurophysiology 608 Neuroimaging 779 The Role of Neuropsychology in the Management of People with Epilepsy 9510 First Seizure Clinic, Differential Diagnosis 10411 Medical Treatment 11212 Dietary, Psychological and Complementary Therapies 14713 Epilepsy in the Acute Medical Unit 15114 Status Epilepticus 15915 Epilepsy Surgery 16716 Epilepsy and Reproduction 18317 Epilepsy in Later Life 19318 Sleep and Epilepsy 19919 Epilepsy, Driving, and the Law 20620 Climate Change and Epilepsy 21521 Premature Mortality and Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy 21922 Epilepsy and Neurodegeneration 22523 Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Epilepsy 23524 Functional Dissociative Seizures 24125 Big Data and Artificial Intelligence 25226 Future Perspectives for Epilepsy 266Index 274