Ilan Pappe is the director of The European Center for Palestine Studies and a senior fellow at the Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies at the University of Exeter. He has published 20 books.

• The State of Democracy: Seasons of Hope and Despair Black Gold or Resource Curse? The Impact of Oil on the Middle East and BeyondAn Uncertain Climate: Regional Environment ChallengesThe Rise and Decline of a Modern Caliphate Historical Background The Spread of Civilization The Rise and Fall of Empires Hebrews and Judaeans The Hellenistic Age, Roman Rule, and ChristianityZoroastrian, Buddhist, and Hindu CulturesMuhammad and the Rise of Islam Islamic Expansion and Society: The Arab Caliphate The Barbarian Invasions The Safavid, Ottoman, and Mogul Empires European Expansion into the Indian Ocean The Creation of the British Raj Nations of the Middle EastBahrain Egypt Iran Iraq Israel JordanKuwait LebanonOman Palestine Qatar Saudi ArabiaSyriaTurkey United Arab Emirates Yemen Map 1910 Map Today Nations of South AsiaAfghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan IndiaMaldivesNepal Pakistan Sri Lanka Disputed Territories Abu Musa (Gap Sabzu) and the Greater andLesser Tunbs British Indian Ocean Territory(the Chagos Archipelago)The Occupied TerritoriesEast Jerusalem (Arab Jerusalem) The Golan Heights (Jawlan) Jammu and Kashmir Regional Organizations Gulf Cooperation Council League of Arab StatesSouth Asian Association for Regional Cooperation Selected Bibliography of Key English Language Sources

Ilan Pappe is the director of The European Center for Palestine Studies and a senior fellow at the Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies at the University of Exeter. He has published 20 books.

• The State of Democracy: Seasons of Hope and Despair Black Gold or Resource Curse? The Impact of Oil on the Middle East and BeyondAn Uncertain Climate: Regional Environment ChallengesThe Rise and Decline of a Modern Caliphate Historical Background The Spread of Civilization The Rise and Fall of Empires Hebrews and Judaeans The Hellenistic Age, Roman Rule, and ChristianityZoroastrian, Buddhist, and Hindu CulturesMuhammad and the Rise of Islam Islamic Expansion and Society: The Arab Caliphate The Barbarian Invasions The Safavid, Ottoman, and Mogul Empires European Expansion into the Indian Ocean The Creation of the British Raj Nations of the Middle EastBahrain Egypt Iran Iraq Israel JordanKuwait LebanonOman Palestine Qatar Saudi ArabiaSyriaTurkey United Arab Emirates Yemen Map 1910 Map Today Nations of South AsiaAfghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan IndiaMaldivesNepal Pakistan Sri Lanka Disputed Territories Abu Musa (Gap Sabzu) and the Greater andLesser Tunbs British Indian Ocean Territory(the Chagos Archipelago)The Occupied TerritoriesEast Jerusalem (Arab Jerusalem) The Golan Heights (Jawlan) Jammu and Kashmir Regional Organizations Gulf Cooperation Council League of Arab StatesSouth Asian Association for Regional Cooperation Selected Bibliography of Key English Language Sources

Ilan Pappe is the director of The European Center for Palestine Studies and a senior fellow at the Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies at the University of Exeter. He has published 20 books.

• The State of Democracy: Seasons of Hope and Despair Black Gold or Resource Curse? The Impact of Oil on the Middle East and BeyondAn Uncertain Climate: Regional Environment ChallengesThe Rise and Decline of a Modern Caliphate Historical Background The Spread of Civilization The Rise and Fall of Empires Hebrews and Judaeans The Hellenistic Age, Roman Rule, and ChristianityZoroastrian, Buddhist, and Hindu CulturesMuhammad and the Rise of Islam Islamic Expansion and Society: The Arab Caliphate The Barbarian Invasions The Safavid, Ottoman, and Mogul Empires European Expansion into the Indian Ocean The Creation of the British Raj Nations of the Middle EastBahrain Egypt Iran Iraq Israel JordanKuwait LebanonOman Palestine Qatar Saudi ArabiaSyriaTurkey United Arab Emirates Yemen Map 1910 Map Today Nations of South AsiaAfghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan IndiaMaldivesNepal Pakistan Sri Lanka Disputed Territories Abu Musa (Gap Sabzu) and the Greater andLesser Tunbs British Indian Ocean Territory(the Chagos Archipelago)The Occupied TerritoriesEast Jerusalem (Arab Jerusalem) The Golan Heights (Jawlan) Jammu and Kashmir Regional Organizations Gulf Cooperation Council League of Arab StatesSouth Asian Association for Regional Cooperation Selected Bibliography of Key English Language Sources