Richard Rose is Professor of Inclusive Education and Director of the Centre for Education and Research, University of Northampton. He has previously held teaching posts in several parts of the UK including a time as headteacher. Richard has researched and published extensively in the area of special and inclusive education both in the UK and internationally. He is Director of Project IRIS, a longitudinal study of special needs provision in the Republic of Ireland. Richard works regularly in India and has also conducted research and consultancy in several other countries  including Georgia, Malaysia, Singapore, China and Estonia.

• Part I: An Overview of Elections in New Democracies; 1. Popular Demands and Elite Supply of Election Laws and Parties. 2. Electoral Systems Compared; Varieties of proportional representation. Proportionality. Methods of choosing a president. 3. Institutionalizing the Supply of Parties; A large initial number of parties. Failures, splits and mergers. Persistence and volatility of parties and party systems. 4. How Electors Respond; Turnout. Trust in parties low. Low positive party identification. Part II: National Election Results; 1. Russia; 2. Bulgaria; 3. Czechoslovalda, 1990-1992; two independent countries from 1993; Czech Republic; Slovakia; 4. Estonia; 5. Hungary; 6. Latvia; 7. Lithuania; 8. Poland; 9. Romania; 10. Slovenia

Richard Rose is Professor of Inclusive Education and Director of the Centre for Education and Research, University of Northampton. He has previously held teaching posts in several parts of the UK including a time as headteacher. Richard has researched and published extensively in the area of special and inclusive education both in the UK and internationally. He is Director of Project IRIS, a longitudinal study of special needs provision in the Republic of Ireland. Richard works regularly in India and has also conducted research and consultancy in several other countries  including Georgia, Malaysia, Singapore, China and Estonia.

• Part I: An Overview of Elections in New Democracies; 1. Popular Demands and Elite Supply of Election Laws and Parties. 2. Electoral Systems Compared; Varieties of proportional representation. Proportionality. Methods of choosing a president. 3. Institutionalizing the Supply of Parties; A large initial number of parties. Failures, splits and mergers. Persistence and volatility of parties and party systems. 4. How Electors Respond; Turnout. Trust in parties low. Low positive party identification. Part II: National Election Results; 1. Russia; 2. Bulgaria; 3. Czechoslovalda, 1990-1992; two independent countries from 1993; Czech Republic; Slovakia; 4. Estonia; 5. Hungary; 6. Latvia; 7. Lithuania; 8. Poland; 9. Romania; 10. Slovenia

Richard Rose is Professor of Inclusive Education and Director of the Centre for Education and Research, University of Northampton. He has previously held teaching posts in several parts of the UK including a time as headteacher. Richard has researched and published extensively in the area of special and inclusive education both in the UK and internationally. He is Director of Project IRIS, a longitudinal study of special needs provision in the Republic of Ireland. Richard works regularly in India and has also conducted research and consultancy in several other countries  including Georgia, Malaysia, Singapore, China and Estonia.

• Part I: An Overview of Elections in New Democracies; 1. Popular Demands and Elite Supply of Election Laws and Parties. 2. Electoral Systems Compared; Varieties of proportional representation. Proportionality. Methods of choosing a president. 3. Institutionalizing the Supply of Parties; A large initial number of parties. Failures, splits and mergers. Persistence and volatility of parties and party systems. 4. How Electors Respond; Turnout. Trust in parties low. Low positive party identification. Part II: National Election Results; 1. Russia; 2. Bulgaria; 3. Czechoslovalda, 1990-1992; two independent countries from 1993; Czech Republic; Slovakia; 4. Estonia; 5. Hungary; 6. Latvia; 7. Lithuania; 8. Poland; 9. Romania; 10. Slovenia