MIYA CAREY is is an assistant professor of history at Binghamton University. Her forthcoming manuscript examines the role of social organizations in coming-of-age black girls in Washington, DC, in the twentieth century. MARISA J. FUENTES is an associate professor in women’s and gender studies and history at Rutgers University, New Brunswick. She was recently appointed presidential term chair in African American history. She is the author of Dispossessed Lives: Enslaved Women, Violence, and the Archive. DEBORAH GRAY WHITE is a Board of Governors Distinguished Professor of History at Rutgers University, New Brunswick. She is the author or editor of numerous books including, Ar’n’t I A Woman? Female Slaves in the Plantation South.

"Scarlet and Black: Making Black Lives Matter at Rutgers, 1945-2020 highlights the power of students’ commitment to justice and equity," by John Cramer (Rutgers Today)

• IntroductionDEBORAH GRAY WHITEPART IPrelude to Change 1 Twenty-Twenty Vision: New Jersey and Rutgers on the Eve of ChangeROBERTO C. OROZCO, CARIE RAEL, BROOKE A. THOMAS, DEBORAH GRAY WHITE 2 Rutgers and New Brunswick: A Consideration of ImpactIAN GAVIGAN AND PAMELA WALKER 3 “Tell It Like It Is”: The Rise of a Race-Conscious Professoriate at Rutgers in the 1960sJOSEPH WILLIAMS 4 Black and Puerto Rican Student Experiences and Their Movements at Douglass College, 1945–1974KAISHA ESTY, WHITNEY FIELDS, AND CARIE RAELPART IIStudent Protest and Forceful Change 5 A Second Founding: The Black and Puerto Rican Student Revolution at Rutgers–Camden and Rutgers–NewarkBEATRICE J. ADAMS, JESSE BAYKER, ROBERTO C. OROZCO, AND BROOKE A. THOMAS6 Equality in Higher Education: An Analysis of Negative Responses to the Conklin Hall TakeoverKENNETH MORRISSEY7 The Black Unity League: A Necessary Movement That Could Never SurviveEDWARD WHITE8 “We the People”: Student Activism at Rutgers and Livingston College, 1960–1985TRACEY JOHNSON, CARIE RAEL, AND BROOKE A. THOMASPART IIIMaking Black Lives Matter beyond Rutgers, 1973–20079 “It’s Happening in Our Own Backyard”: Rutgers and the New Brunswick Defense Committee for Assata ShakurJOSEPH KAPLAN10 Fight Racism, End Apartheid: The Divestment Movement at Rutgers University and the Limits of Interracial Organizing, 1977–1985 TRACEY JOHNSON11 “Hell No, Our Genes Aren’t Slow!”: Racism and Antiracism at Rutgers during the 1995 ControversyMEAGAN WIERDA AND ROBERTO C. OROZCO12 “Pure Grace”: The Scarlet Knights Basketball Team, Don Imus, and a Moment of DignityLYNDA DEXHEIMEREpilogue: Scarlet and Black: The Price of the TicketDEBORAH GRAY WHITEAcknowledgmentsNotesList of ContributorsAbout the Editors

MIYA CAREY is is an assistant professor of history at Binghamton University. Her forthcoming manuscript examines the role of social organizations in coming-of-age black girls in Washington, DC, in the twentieth century. MARISA J. FUENTES is an associate professor in women’s and gender studies and history at Rutgers University, New Brunswick. She was recently appointed presidential term chair in African American history. She is the author of Dispossessed Lives: Enslaved Women, Violence, and the Archive. DEBORAH GRAY WHITE is a Board of Governors Distinguished Professor of History at Rutgers University, New Brunswick. She is the author or editor of numerous books including, Ar’n’t I A Woman? Female Slaves in the Plantation South.

"Scarlet and Black: Making Black Lives Matter at Rutgers, 1945-2020 highlights the power of students’ commitment to justice and equity," by John Cramer (Rutgers Today)

• IntroductionDEBORAH GRAY WHITEPART IPrelude to Change 1 Twenty-Twenty Vision: New Jersey and Rutgers on the Eve of ChangeROBERTO C. OROZCO, CARIE RAEL, BROOKE A. THOMAS, DEBORAH GRAY WHITE 2 Rutgers and New Brunswick: A Consideration of ImpactIAN GAVIGAN AND PAMELA WALKER 3 “Tell It Like It Is”: The Rise of a Race-Conscious Professoriate at Rutgers in the 1960sJOSEPH WILLIAMS 4 Black and Puerto Rican Student Experiences and Their Movements at Douglass College, 1945–1974KAISHA ESTY, WHITNEY FIELDS, AND CARIE RAELPART IIStudent Protest and Forceful Change 5 A Second Founding: The Black and Puerto Rican Student Revolution at Rutgers–Camden and Rutgers–NewarkBEATRICE J. ADAMS, JESSE BAYKER, ROBERTO C. OROZCO, AND BROOKE A. THOMAS6 Equality in Higher Education: An Analysis of Negative Responses to the Conklin Hall TakeoverKENNETH MORRISSEY7 The Black Unity League: A Necessary Movement That Could Never SurviveEDWARD WHITE8 “We the People”: Student Activism at Rutgers and Livingston College, 1960–1985TRACEY JOHNSON, CARIE RAEL, AND BROOKE A. THOMASPART IIIMaking Black Lives Matter beyond Rutgers, 1973–20079 “It’s Happening in Our Own Backyard”: Rutgers and the New Brunswick Defense Committee for Assata ShakurJOSEPH KAPLAN10 Fight Racism, End Apartheid: The Divestment Movement at Rutgers University and the Limits of Interracial Organizing, 1977–1985 TRACEY JOHNSON11 “Hell No, Our Genes Aren’t Slow!”: Racism and Antiracism at Rutgers during the 1995 ControversyMEAGAN WIERDA AND ROBERTO C. OROZCO12 “Pure Grace”: The Scarlet Knights Basketball Team, Don Imus, and a Moment of DignityLYNDA DEXHEIMEREpilogue: Scarlet and Black: The Price of the TicketDEBORAH GRAY WHITEAcknowledgmentsNotesList of ContributorsAbout the Editors