Laurence Viennot is Professor Emeritus of Physics at the University of Paris, in the Laboratory of Matter and Complex Systems. After a few years of research in astrophysics, she turned to the didactics of physics, of which she is one of the pioneers at the international level. She was a member of the first board of European Science Education Research Association. Among her research themes, common reasoning in physics and the development and evaluation of teaching sequences in physics occupy a major place. She has received two international medals (IUPAPE and GIREP).  Her current research focuses on the development of critical thinking in physics students. After having defended a thesis on the interstellar medium, worked on turbulence and taught for a few years in high school, Nicolas Décamp is now a lecturer at the Physics Department of the University of Paris.  He is in charge of the master's degree in physics teaching and conductsresearch at the André Revuz didactics laboratory, in particular on the links between the history of science and physics didactics and on the development of critical thinking in physics students.

• Chapter 1. Why critique ? Why physics?.- Chapter 2. Main reasons to call a text into question.- Chapter 3. Risk factors.- Chapter 4. Benefits and limits of a classification.- Chapter 5. Conceptual mastery and critical attitude: complex links.- Chapter 6. Activating criticism without delay.- Chapter 7. An education in critical analysis.- Chapter 8. Critique: a prelude to deeper comprehension.- Appendices A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J.