Hasan Aydin earned his Ph.D. from the University of Nevada, Reno, in 2011. He has served many administrative positions, including associate chair for the department curriculum and instruction, graduate program coordinator, Erasmus exchange student coordinator, and graduate assistantship coordinator for the College of Education. He also has served as the chair of many masters and doctoral dissertation committees. Currently, Dr. Aydin is a human rights activist and a Professor of Multicultural Education in the Department of Curriculum, Instruction, and Culture at Florida Gulf Coast University. He also serves as a director of Education and Youth Empowerment for African Network of South-West Florida. His scholarship focuses on multicultural education, bilingual education, Kurdish language and cultural rights, human rights, social justice, diversity and equity in education, educating refugee students, citizenship education in a global context, and international education. Dr. Aydin’s research cuts across local, national, and international contexts, and he has conducted research with and prepared educators in countries such as Germany, Turkey, Romania, Mongolia, and Nigeria. He is the author of several books, has published numerous articles, has had many conference presentations and has translated several books from English into Turkish. These translations include James A. Banks, An Introduction to Multicultural Education, Geneva Gay, Culturally Responsive Teaching: Theory, Research, and Practice; and Bruce Berg and Howard Lune, Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. Dr. Aydin is member of several professional organizations including the American Educational Research Association (AERA), the American Psychological Association (APA), the National Association for Multicultural Education (NAME), the Korean Association for Multicultural Education (KAME), the International Association for Intercultural Research (IAIE), and the Pi Beta Delta: International Honor Society for International Education.Dr. Aydin is also a founding editor and editor-in-chief for the Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies and the American Journal of Qualitative Research, and an associate editor for the Intercultural Education. He is on the editorial boards of several journals, including the Multicultural Education Review, the International Journal of Education, and the Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change. In 2018 and 2019, he was awarded a College of Education professorship for his research, contributions, and publications. Dr. Aydin received the Human Rights Educator Award from the United Nations Human Rights Florida in 2019. In addition, in 2019, Dr. Aydin received an outstanding research award from The Marquis Who’s Who Publication Board. Dr. Aydin served a program chair for the American Educational Research Association (AERA) 2020/SIG Multicultural/Multiethnic Education: Theory, Research, and Practice.Winston Langley was a Provost and Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs and the senior administrator in charge of advancing the University of Massachusetts Boston's academic mission and the quality of its intellectual life. A scholar with a rich, diverse academic background and a seasoned administrator, he has been instrumental in defining and developing UMass Boston's identity as a student-centered, urban public research university with a teaching soul. A professor of political science and international relations since 1982, Dr. Langley served as director of the International Relations Program, senior associate provost, associate chancellor, and interim provost and vice chancellor for academic affairs before he was named to his current position in 2009. Dr. Langley's scholarly interests include human rights, alternative models of world order, religion, and politics. His research has focused on the inadequacy of the nation-state system, the weakness of intergovernmental organizations (including the United Nations), non-governmental organizations expanding power and influence, and the paucity of alternative models for global ordering. Dr. Langley is the author of Kazi Nazrul Islam: The Voice of Poetry and the Struggle for Human Wholeness and the Encyclopedia of Human Rights Issues Since 1945, for which won the Choice Outstanding Academic Book Award. He is the editor of Human Rights: The Major Global Instruments and (with Vivian Fox) Women's Rights in the United States, which won the Gustavus Myers Center for the Study of Bigotry and Human Rights Award for Outstanding Book on Human Rights in North America. He is a member of the American Society of International Law and a reviewer of nine publications, including New Political Science, Transnational Perspectives, and the International Journal of African Studies. Dr. Langley earned a Bachelor of Arts in biology from Atlantic Union College, a Master of Arts in European diplomatic history and a Doctor of Philosophy in political science and international relations from Howard University, and a Doctor of Laws from Suffolk University.

• Part I: An Overview of Human Rights in Turkey.- Chapter1. Introducing Human Rights in Turkey.- Chapter 2. Human Rights in Turkey: Past, Present, and Future.- Part II: Freedom and Non-discrimination.- Chapter 3. Freedom of the Media in Turkey under the AKP Government.- Chapter 4. Discrimination Based on Religion: A Complex Story in Turkey.- Chapter 5. Non-Discrimination, Minority Rights and Self-Determination: Turkey’s Post-Coup State of Emergency and the Position of Turkey’s Kurds.- Chapter 6.- Justice and Development (AKP) Attitudes Towards the LGBTI Community in Turkey.- Chapter 7. LGBTQ Rights in Turkey: Do not Touch my Body!.- Part III: The Rights of the Displaced.- Chapter 8. Syrian Refugees in Turkey: (Un)Equal Opportunities in Education.- Part IV: State of Emergency(OHAL).- Chapter 9. Authoritarianization and Human Rights in Turkey: How the AKP Legitimizes Human Rights Violations.- Chapter 10. Shunned and Purged: Turkey’s Crackdown on the Hizmet (Gülen) Movement.- Chapter 11.The Cases of Dismissal under State of Emergency (OHAL): The Right to a Fair Trial as a Human Right.- Chapter 12. Intellectuals on Hunger Strike for Reinstatement to their Job: The Case of the “Yuksel Resistance”.- Chapter 13. Human Rights Violations and Medicolegal Approach.- Part V: Social and Economic Rights.- Chapter 14. Right to Education: Challenges and Issues under the Justice and Development Party Era.- Chapter 15. Academic Freedom and Living in Exile: Experiences of Academics in Turkey.- Chapter 16. The Effects of Democratic Regression on Turkish Economy and the Brain Drain.- Chapter 17. Neoliberal De-Development in Turkey and the AKP’s Socioeconomic War on the Counterhegemony.- Part VI: Women and Children Rights.- Chapter 18. Imprisoned Women and Children in Turkey: Human Rights Violations under the State of Emergency (OHAL).- Chapter 19. The Trauma of Turkish Women and Children in an Era of Political Unrest.- Part VII: Foreign Policy Initiative: A Case Review.- Chapter 20. Turkey’s Accession to the European Union in Context of Its Human Rights Violations: Observations of a Journalist from Brussels.

Hasan Aydin earned his Ph.D. from the University of Nevada, Reno, in 2011. He has served many administrative positions, including associate chair for the department curriculum and instruction, graduate program coordinator, Erasmus exchange student coordinator, and graduate assistantship coordinator for the College of Education. He also has served as the chair of many masters and doctoral dissertation committees. Currently, Dr. Aydin is a human rights activist and a Professor of Multicultural Education in the Department of Curriculum, Instruction, and Culture at Florida Gulf Coast University. He also serves as a director of Education and Youth Empowerment for African Network of South-West Florida. His scholarship focuses on multicultural education, bilingual education, Kurdish language and cultural rights, human rights, social justice, diversity and equity in education, educating refugee students, citizenship education in a global context, and international education. Dr. Aydin’s research cuts across local, national, and international contexts, and he has conducted research with and prepared educators in countries such as Germany, Turkey, Romania, Mongolia, and Nigeria. He is the author of several books, has published numerous articles, has had many conference presentations and has translated several books from English into Turkish. These translations include James A. Banks, An Introduction to Multicultural Education, Geneva Gay, Culturally Responsive Teaching: Theory, Research, and Practice; and Bruce Berg and Howard Lune, Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. Dr. Aydin is member of several professional organizations including the American Educational Research Association (AERA), the American Psychological Association (APA), the National Association for Multicultural Education (NAME), the Korean Association for Multicultural Education (KAME), the International Association for Intercultural Research (IAIE), and the Pi Beta Delta: International Honor Society for International Education.Dr. Aydin is also a founding editor and editor-in-chief for the Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies and the American Journal of Qualitative Research, and an associate editor for the Intercultural Education. He is on the editorial boards of several journals, including the Multicultural Education Review, the International Journal of Education, and the Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change. In 2018 and 2019, he was awarded a College of Education professorship for his research, contributions, and publications. Dr. Aydin received the Human Rights Educator Award from the United Nations Human Rights Florida in 2019. In addition, in 2019, Dr. Aydin received an outstanding research award from The Marquis Who’s Who Publication Board. Dr. Aydin served a program chair for the American Educational Research Association (AERA) 2020/SIG Multicultural/Multiethnic Education: Theory, Research, and Practice.Winston Langley was a Provost and Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs and the senior administrator in charge of advancing the University of Massachusetts Boston's academic mission and the quality of its intellectual life. A scholar with a rich, diverse academic background and a seasoned administrator, he has been instrumental in defining and developing UMass Boston's identity as a student-centered, urban public research university with a teaching soul. A professor of political science and international relations since 1982, Dr. Langley served as director of the International Relations Program, senior associate provost, associate chancellor, and interim provost and vice chancellor for academic affairs before he was named to his current position in 2009. Dr. Langley's scholarly interests include human rights, alternative models of world order, religion, and politics. His research has focused on the inadequacy of the nation-state system, the weakness of intergovernmental organizations (including the United Nations), non-governmental organizations expanding power and influence, and the paucity of alternative models for global ordering. Dr. Langley is the author of Kazi Nazrul Islam: The Voice of Poetry and the Struggle for Human Wholeness and the Encyclopedia of Human Rights Issues Since 1945, for which won the Choice Outstanding Academic Book Award. He is the editor of Human Rights: The Major Global Instruments and (with Vivian Fox) Women's Rights in the United States, which won the Gustavus Myers Center for the Study of Bigotry and Human Rights Award for Outstanding Book on Human Rights in North America. He is a member of the American Society of International Law and a reviewer of nine publications, including New Political Science, Transnational Perspectives, and the International Journal of African Studies. Dr. Langley earned a Bachelor of Arts in biology from Atlantic Union College, a Master of Arts in European diplomatic history and a Doctor of Philosophy in political science and international relations from Howard University, and a Doctor of Laws from Suffolk University.

• Part I: An Overview of Human Rights in Turkey.- Chapter1. Introducing Human Rights in Turkey.- Chapter 2. Human Rights in Turkey: Past, Present, and Future.- Part II: Freedom and Non-discrimination.- Chapter 3. Freedom of the Media in Turkey under the AKP Government.- Chapter 4. Discrimination Based on Religion: A Complex Story in Turkey.- Chapter 5. Non-Discrimination, Minority Rights and Self-Determination: Turkey’s Post-Coup State of Emergency and the Position of Turkey’s Kurds.- Chapter 6.- Justice and Development (AKP) Attitudes Towards the LGBTI Community in Turkey.- Chapter 7. LGBTQ Rights in Turkey: Do not Touch my Body!.- Part III: The Rights of the Displaced.- Chapter 8. Syrian Refugees in Turkey: (Un)Equal Opportunities in Education.- Part IV: State of Emergency(OHAL).- Chapter 9. Authoritarianization and Human Rights in Turkey: How the AKP Legitimizes Human Rights Violations.- Chapter 10. Shunned and Purged: Turkey’s Crackdown on the Hizmet (Gülen) Movement.- Chapter 11.The Cases of Dismissal under State of Emergency (OHAL): The Right to a Fair Trial as a Human Right.- Chapter 12. Intellectuals on Hunger Strike for Reinstatement to their Job: The Case of the “Yuksel Resistance”.- Chapter 13. Human Rights Violations and Medicolegal Approach.- Part V: Social and Economic Rights.- Chapter 14. Right to Education: Challenges and Issues under the Justice and Development Party Era.- Chapter 15. Academic Freedom and Living in Exile: Experiences of Academics in Turkey.- Chapter 16. The Effects of Democratic Regression on Turkish Economy and the Brain Drain.- Chapter 17. Neoliberal De-Development in Turkey and the AKP’s Socioeconomic War on the Counterhegemony.- Part VI: Women and Children Rights.- Chapter 18. Imprisoned Women and Children in Turkey: Human Rights Violations under the State of Emergency (OHAL).- Chapter 19. The Trauma of Turkish Women and Children in an Era of Political Unrest.- Part VII: Foreign Policy Initiative: A Case Review.- Chapter 20. Turkey’s Accession to the European Union in Context of Its Human Rights Violations: Observations of a Journalist from Brussels.

Hasan Aydin earned his Ph.D. from the University of Nevada, Reno, in 2011. He has served many administrative positions, including associate chair for the department curriculum and instruction, graduate program coordinator, Erasmus exchange student coordinator, and graduate assistantship coordinator for the College of Education. He also has served as the chair of many masters and doctoral dissertation committees. Currently, Dr. Aydin is a human rights activist and a Professor of Multicultural Education in the Department of Curriculum, Instruction, and Culture at Florida Gulf Coast University. He also serves as a director of Education and Youth Empowerment for African Network of South-West Florida. His scholarship focuses on multicultural education, bilingual education, Kurdish language and cultural rights, human rights, social justice, diversity and equity in education, educating refugee students, citizenship education in a global context, and international education. Dr. Aydin’s research cuts across local, national, and international contexts, and he has conducted research with and prepared educators in countries such as Germany, Turkey, Romania, Mongolia, and Nigeria. He is the author of several books, has published numerous articles, has had many conference presentations and has translated several books from English into Turkish. These translations include James A. Banks, An Introduction to Multicultural Education, Geneva Gay, Culturally Responsive Teaching: Theory, Research, and Practice; and Bruce Berg and Howard Lune, Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. Dr. Aydin is member of several professional organizations including the American Educational Research Association (AERA), the American Psychological Association (APA), the National Association for Multicultural Education (NAME), the Korean Association for Multicultural Education (KAME), the International Association for Intercultural Research (IAIE), and the Pi Beta Delta: International Honor Society for International Education.Dr. Aydin is also a founding editor and editor-in-chief for the Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies and the American Journal of Qualitative Research, and an associate editor for the Intercultural Education. He is on the editorial boards of several journals, including the Multicultural Education Review, the International Journal of Education, and the Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change. In 2018 and 2019, he was awarded a College of Education professorship for his research, contributions, and publications. Dr. Aydin received the Human Rights Educator Award from the United Nations Human Rights Florida in 2019. In addition, in 2019, Dr. Aydin received an outstanding research award from The Marquis Who’s Who Publication Board. Dr. Aydin served a program chair for the American Educational Research Association (AERA) 2020/SIG Multicultural/Multiethnic Education: Theory, Research, and Practice.Winston Langley was a Provost and Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs and the senior administrator in charge of advancing the University of Massachusetts Boston's academic mission and the quality of its intellectual life. A scholar with a rich, diverse academic background and a seasoned administrator, he has been instrumental in defining and developing UMass Boston's identity as a student-centered, urban public research university with a teaching soul. A professor of political science and international relations since 1982, Dr. Langley served as director of the International Relations Program, senior associate provost, associate chancellor, and interim provost and vice chancellor for academic affairs before he was named to his current position in 2009. Dr. Langley's scholarly interests include human rights, alternative models of world order, religion, and politics. His research has focused on the inadequacy of the nation-state system, the weakness of intergovernmental organizations (including the United Nations), non-governmental organizations expanding power and influence, and the paucity of alternative models for global ordering. Dr. Langley is the author of Kazi Nazrul Islam: The Voice of Poetry and the Struggle for Human Wholeness and the Encyclopedia of Human Rights Issues Since 1945, for which won the Choice Outstanding Academic Book Award. He is the editor of Human Rights: The Major Global Instruments and (with Vivian Fox) Women's Rights in the United States, which won the Gustavus Myers Center for the Study of Bigotry and Human Rights Award for Outstanding Book on Human Rights in North America. He is a member of the American Society of International Law and a reviewer of nine publications, including New Political Science, Transnational Perspectives, and the International Journal of African Studies. Dr. Langley earned a Bachelor of Arts in biology from Atlantic Union College, a Master of Arts in European diplomatic history and a Doctor of Philosophy in political science and international relations from Howard University, and a Doctor of Laws from Suffolk University.

• Part I: An Overview of Human Rights in Turkey.- Chapter1. Introducing Human Rights in Turkey.- Chapter 2. Human Rights in Turkey: Past, Present, and Future.- Part II: Freedom and Non-discrimination.- Chapter 3. Freedom of the Media in Turkey under the AKP Government.- Chapter 4. Discrimination Based on Religion: A Complex Story in Turkey.- Chapter 5. Non-Discrimination, Minority Rights and Self-Determination: Turkey’s Post-Coup State of Emergency and the Position of Turkey’s Kurds.- Chapter 6.- Justice and Development (AKP) Attitudes Towards the LGBTI Community in Turkey.- Chapter 7. LGBTQ Rights in Turkey: Do not Touch my Body!.- Part III: The Rights of the Displaced.- Chapter 8. Syrian Refugees in Turkey: (Un)Equal Opportunities in Education.- Part IV: State of Emergency(OHAL).- Chapter 9. Authoritarianization and Human Rights in Turkey: How the AKP Legitimizes Human Rights Violations.- Chapter 10. Shunned and Purged: Turkey’s Crackdown on the Hizmet (Gülen) Movement.- Chapter 11.The Cases of Dismissal under State of Emergency (OHAL): The Right to a Fair Trial as a Human Right.- Chapter 12. Intellectuals on Hunger Strike for Reinstatement to their Job: The Case of the “Yuksel Resistance”.- Chapter 13. Human Rights Violations and Medicolegal Approach.- Part V: Social and Economic Rights.- Chapter 14. Right to Education: Challenges and Issues under the Justice and Development Party Era.- Chapter 15. Academic Freedom and Living in Exile: Experiences of Academics in Turkey.- Chapter 16. The Effects of Democratic Regression on Turkish Economy and the Brain Drain.- Chapter 17. Neoliberal De-Development in Turkey and the AKP’s Socioeconomic War on the Counterhegemony.- Part VI: Women and Children Rights.- Chapter 18. Imprisoned Women and Children in Turkey: Human Rights Violations under the State of Emergency (OHAL).- Chapter 19. The Trauma of Turkish Women and Children in an Era of Political Unrest.- Part VII: Foreign Policy Initiative: A Case Review.- Chapter 20. Turkey’s Accession to the European Union in Context of Its Human Rights Violations: Observations of a Journalist from Brussels.