Christos H. Skiadas, PhD, was the founder and director of the Data Analysis and Forecasting Laboratory at the Technical University of Crete, Greece, and former Vice-Rector of the University. He is chair of the Demographics Workshop series, the Applied Stochastic Models and Data Analysis Conference series and the Chaotic Modeling and Simulation Conference series. He has published more than 80 papers, three monographs, and 18 books, including probability, statistics, data analysis and forecasting. His research interests include innovation diffusion modeling and forecasting, life table data modeling, healthy life expectancy estimates, and deterministic, stochastic, and chaotic modeling.Charilaos Skiadas, PhD, is an associate professor in mathematics and computer science at Hanover College, Indiana, USA. His research interests encompass a wide array of mathematical and computing topics, ranging from algebraic geometry to statistics and programming languages to data science and health state modeling.

• Part I: Covid - 19 Studies.- Chapter 1. Reaction to COVID-19 Pandemic: An Evaluation of Pandemic Management Around the World.- Chapter 2. Effects of the Covid-19 pandemic in the area of tension between the economy and climate change: A case study at rural and city district level in Southern Germany.- Chapter 3. Predicting the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic through the Dynamic Evolving Neuro Fuzzy Inference System.- Chapter 4. Losses in life expectancy at birth from 2020: the impact of COVID-19 on the structure of mortality by sex and age in Brazil.- Chapter 5. Stochastic Comparison between the Original SARS-CoV 2 Genetic Structure and SARS-CoV2 - P.1 Variant.- Chapter 6. Epidemic Management in the Emergency.  Protection Measures, Cost and Compliance with Safety Protocols of the Employees of the Health Units. The Case of the General University Hospital of Heraklion “Venizeleio”, The Management and Pandemic of  SARS-CoV-2.- Part II: Global Health-Longevity.- Chapter 7. Howto estimate of the Healthy Life Expectancy (HLE) in the far past: Switzerland (1876-2016) and forecasts to 2060 with comparisons with HALE.- Chapter 8. Global health and longevity: an analysis of post-World War II data. Chapter 9. Health Care Need Adjusted Prospective Old-age Dependency Ratio in Selected European Countries.- Chapter 10. Spreading disease modeling using Markov random fields.- Part III: Mortality-Survival.- Chapter 11. Mortality in Greece before and during the recent economic recession: Short-terms effects of the economic austerity.- Chapter 12. Age exaggeration ruses: infrequent age overstatement distorts the mortality curve at old age.- Chapter 13. Completeness assessment of neonatal deaths in a region of Brazil: linkage and imputing missing data.- Chapter 14. A Decomposition Analysis of Differences in Length of life in the Czech Republic.- Chapter 15. Modelling Nigerian Female Mortality: An Application of Four Stochastic Mortality Models.- Chapter 16. Gender, healthand socio-demographic influences on updating subjective survival probabilities.- Chapter 17. Estimating alcohol-attributable mortality in Czechia.- Chapter 18. Alcohol consumption and marital status in the Czech Republic.- Chapter 19. Drug Addiction Mortality among young Muscovites: official rates and actual scale.- Chapter 20. Factors reducing child mortality from congenital heart defects in Russia.- Part IV: Special Methods.- Chapter 21. America's Zika virus and its Similarities with African and Asian Lineages.- Chapter 22. A relative entropy measure of divergences in labour market outcomes by educational attainment.- Chapter 23. Assessing the intergenerational educational mobility in European countries based on ESS data: 2002 – 2016.- Chapter 24. A different approach to current developments in the 21st century - Grouping European countries in terms of Mortality.- Part V: Various Applications.- Chapter 25. Examining items’ suitability as the marker indicator in testing measurement invariance.- Chapter 26. Real estate pension schemes: modeling and perspectives.- Chapter 27. Insurance incentives to pursue social well-being.- Chapter 28. Improved Insurer’s Capital Adequacy of reserve risk using copula approach and hypothesis tests.- Chapter 29. Assessing the Performance of the European Socio-economic Classification (ESeC) in Eight European Countries for 2018.- Chapter 30. A multisite-multivariate AQI and the determination of new threshold values for health risk categories.- Chapter 31. Two indicators for the social sciences.- Chapter 32. Life Expectancy and Different Parameter Identification in Chinese Retirement Plan.- Chapter 33. Population loss due to mental disorders caused by deviant behavior in the 2000s in Russia.

Christos H. Skiadas, PhD, was the founder and director of the Data Analysis and Forecasting Laboratory at the Technical University of Crete, Greece, and former Vice-Rector of the University. He is chair of the Demographics Workshop series, the Applied Stochastic Models and Data Analysis Conference series and the Chaotic Modeling and Simulation Conference series. He has published more than 80 papers, three monographs, and 18 books, including probability, statistics, data analysis and forecasting. His research interests include innovation diffusion modeling and forecasting, life table data modeling, healthy life expectancy estimates, and deterministic, stochastic, and chaotic modeling.Charilaos Skiadas, PhD, is an associate professor in mathematics and computer science at Hanover College, Indiana, USA. His research interests encompass a wide array of mathematical and computing topics, ranging from algebraic geometry to statistics and programming languages to data science and health state modeling.

• Part I: Covid - 19 Studies.- Chapter 1. Reaction to COVID-19 Pandemic: An Evaluation of Pandemic Management Around the World.- Chapter 2. Effects of the Covid-19 pandemic in the area of tension between the economy and climate change: A case study at rural and city district level in Southern Germany.- Chapter 3. Predicting the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic through the Dynamic Evolving Neuro Fuzzy Inference System.- Chapter 4. Losses in life expectancy at birth from 2020: the impact of COVID-19 on the structure of mortality by sex and age in Brazil.- Chapter 5. Stochastic Comparison between the Original SARS-CoV 2 Genetic Structure and SARS-CoV2 - P.1 Variant.- Chapter 6. Epidemic Management in the Emergency.  Protection Measures, Cost and Compliance with Safety Protocols of the Employees of the Health Units. The Case of the General University Hospital of Heraklion “Venizeleio”, The Management and Pandemic of  SARS-CoV-2.- Part II: Global Health-Longevity.- Chapter 7. Howto estimate of the Healthy Life Expectancy (HLE) in the far past: Switzerland (1876-2016) and forecasts to 2060 with comparisons with HALE.- Chapter 8. Global health and longevity: an analysis of post-World War II data. Chapter 9. Health Care Need Adjusted Prospective Old-age Dependency Ratio in Selected European Countries.- Chapter 10. Spreading disease modeling using Markov random fields.- Part III: Mortality-Survival.- Chapter 11. Mortality in Greece before and during the recent economic recession: Short-terms effects of the economic austerity.- Chapter 12. Age exaggeration ruses: infrequent age overstatement distorts the mortality curve at old age.- Chapter 13. Completeness assessment of neonatal deaths in a region of Brazil: linkage and imputing missing data.- Chapter 14. A Decomposition Analysis of Differences in Length of life in the Czech Republic.- Chapter 15. Modelling Nigerian Female Mortality: An Application of Four Stochastic Mortality Models.- Chapter 16. Gender, healthand socio-demographic influences on updating subjective survival probabilities.- Chapter 17. Estimating alcohol-attributable mortality in Czechia.- Chapter 18. Alcohol consumption and marital status in the Czech Republic.- Chapter 19. Drug Addiction Mortality among young Muscovites: official rates and actual scale.- Chapter 20. Factors reducing child mortality from congenital heart defects in Russia.- Part IV: Special Methods.- Chapter 21. America's Zika virus and its Similarities with African and Asian Lineages.- Chapter 22. A relative entropy measure of divergences in labour market outcomes by educational attainment.- Chapter 23. Assessing the intergenerational educational mobility in European countries based on ESS data: 2002 – 2016.- Chapter 24. A different approach to current developments in the 21st century - Grouping European countries in terms of Mortality.- Part V: Various Applications.- Chapter 25. Examining items’ suitability as the marker indicator in testing measurement invariance.- Chapter 26. Real estate pension schemes: modeling and perspectives.- Chapter 27. Insurance incentives to pursue social well-being.- Chapter 28. Improved Insurer’s Capital Adequacy of reserve risk using copula approach and hypothesis tests.- Chapter 29. Assessing the Performance of the European Socio-economic Classification (ESeC) in Eight European Countries for 2018.- Chapter 30. A multisite-multivariate AQI and the determination of new threshold values for health risk categories.- Chapter 31. Two indicators for the social sciences.- Chapter 32. Life Expectancy and Different Parameter Identification in Chinese Retirement Plan.- Chapter 33. Population loss due to mental disorders caused by deviant behavior in the 2000s in Russia.