Lisa Unangst is a PhD candidate in Higher Education at Boston College. She has published in the Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management and Policy Reviews in Higher Education. Her research focuses on refugee education in Germany and elsewhere.Hakan Ergin is a Lecturer at Istanbul University. He previously completed a post-doctoral fellowship at the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College. His research interests include internationalization of higher education, adult education, migration, right to education and distance learning.Araz Khajarian is a master’s student at Boston College. She earned her B.A. from Salve Regina University after previous study at the Higher Institute of Business Administration in Damascus. Her thesis examines context-relativity in organizational culture at a Jordanian university.Tessa DeLaquil is a Ph.D. student and research assistant at CIHE, Boston College. Her research interests include the philosophy of higher education and religious pluralism. She previously attended Queen’s University and the Franciscan University of Steubenville.Hans de Wit has published many articles on international higher education and was founding editor of the Journal of Studies in International Education and founding member of the European Association for International Education. He is Director of Boston College’s CIHE.

• Series PrefaceHans de Wit, Philip Altbach and Rebecca SchendelList of Figures and TablesNotes on ContributorsPart 1: Framing the Landscape1 Refugees and Higher Education: Trans-national Perspectives on Access, Equity, and InternationalizationHans de Wit, Tessa DeLaquil, Hakan Ergin, Araz Khajarian and Lisa Unangst2 Refugee Higher Education in Contexts of Displacement: Educational Approaches and Programmatic InitiativesThomas M. Crea and David Holdcroft3 Questioning the Ethics and Rationale of Refugee ResearchHakan ErginPart 2: Regional and National PerspectivesSection 1: Latin America4 Higher Education’s Response to Refugee Crises: Applying Lessons from the Syrian Conflict to the Venezuelan ContextNatalie Borg5 Colombian Institutional Responses to the Venezuelan Refugee CrisisHannah Maria Cazzetta6 Going Above and Beyond Access to Higher Education: The Brazilian CaseKelber ToziniSection 2: North America7 The Staying Dynamic among Syrian Students in the U.S.Araz Khajarian8 Latin Americans in the United States: Considerations on Immigrant and Refugee Access to Higher EducationGabrielle Oliveira and Corinne Kentor9 Human Rights Discourse and the US Education Landscape: Refugee-Specific Activity at Colleges and Universities in Idaho and MaineLisa UnangstSection 3: Europe10 Higher Education Innovations in Response to the Needs of Syrian Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Germany and ElsewhereNatalie Borg11 Vocational Training, “Upskilling,” and Paths to Higher Education for Refugees: Insights from Germany and SwedenNarintohn Luangrath12 Refugees Access to Higher Education in IrelandMichael Cronin, Clíodha Murphy, David M. Doyle, Delma Byrne and Muiread MurphySection 4: Asia and Oceania13 Towards Human Rights and Human Dignity for the Stateless in Higher Education: Denied Access to Higher Education for Rohingya Refugees in BangladeshTessa DeLaquil14 At the Policy Margins: People from Refugee Backgrounds in Australian Higher EducationAndrew Harvey and Betty LeaskSection 5: Ethiopia15 Higher Education for Refugees in EthiopiaAyenachew A. Woldegiyorgis16 Self-Financing as a New Stream of Refugee Higher Education: The Case of Eritreans in EthiopiaWondwosen Tamrat and Samuel Dermas HabtemariamSection 6: Turkey17 Struggles and Assets of Syrian University Students in TurkeyÖzgür Erdur-Baker, Onur Özmen, İdil Aksöz-Efe, Tamer Aker and M. Brinton Lykes18 Integrating Syrian Refugees into Turkish Higher Education: Successes, Challenges, and Future ImplicationsArmağan Erdoğan and Hakan ErginPart 3: The K-12 to University Pipeline19 Lessons from the Primary and Secondary School Context: Building Capacity to Support Migrant and Refugee StudentsRebecca Lowenhaupt and Martin Scanlan20 The K-12 to University Pipeline in the U.S. context: Implications for Refugee StudentsKerri Evans and Lisa UnangstIndex

Lisa Unangst is a PhD candidate in Higher Education at Boston College. She has published in the Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management and Policy Reviews in Higher Education. Her research focuses on refugee education in Germany and elsewhere.Hakan Ergin is a Lecturer at Istanbul University. He previously completed a post-doctoral fellowship at the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College. His research interests include internationalization of higher education, adult education, migration, right to education and distance learning.Araz Khajarian is a master’s student at Boston College. She earned her B.A. from Salve Regina University after previous study at the Higher Institute of Business Administration in Damascus. Her thesis examines context-relativity in organizational culture at a Jordanian university.Tessa DeLaquil is a Ph.D. student and research assistant at CIHE, Boston College. Her research interests include the philosophy of higher education and religious pluralism. She previously attended Queen’s University and the Franciscan University of Steubenville.Hans de Wit has published many articles on international higher education and was founding editor of the Journal of Studies in International Education and founding member of the European Association for International Education. He is Director of Boston College’s CIHE.

• Series PrefaceHans de Wit, Philip Altbach and Rebecca SchendelList of Figures and TablesNotes on ContributorsPart 1: Framing the Landscape1 Refugees and Higher Education: Trans-national Perspectives on Access, Equity, and InternationalizationHans de Wit, Tessa DeLaquil, Hakan Ergin, Araz Khajarian and Lisa Unangst2 Refugee Higher Education in Contexts of Displacement: Educational Approaches and Programmatic InitiativesThomas M. Crea and David Holdcroft3 Questioning the Ethics and Rationale of Refugee ResearchHakan ErginPart 2: Regional and National PerspectivesSection 1: Latin America4 Higher Education’s Response to Refugee Crises: Applying Lessons from the Syrian Conflict to the Venezuelan ContextNatalie Borg5 Colombian Institutional Responses to the Venezuelan Refugee CrisisHannah Maria Cazzetta6 Going Above and Beyond Access to Higher Education: The Brazilian CaseKelber ToziniSection 2: North America7 The Staying Dynamic among Syrian Students in the U.S.Araz Khajarian8 Latin Americans in the United States: Considerations on Immigrant and Refugee Access to Higher EducationGabrielle Oliveira and Corinne Kentor9 Human Rights Discourse and the US Education Landscape: Refugee-Specific Activity at Colleges and Universities in Idaho and MaineLisa UnangstSection 3: Europe10 Higher Education Innovations in Response to the Needs of Syrian Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Germany and ElsewhereNatalie Borg11 Vocational Training, “Upskilling,” and Paths to Higher Education for Refugees: Insights from Germany and SwedenNarintohn Luangrath12 Refugees Access to Higher Education in IrelandMichael Cronin, Clíodha Murphy, David M. Doyle, Delma Byrne and Muiread MurphySection 4: Asia and Oceania13 Towards Human Rights and Human Dignity for the Stateless in Higher Education: Denied Access to Higher Education for Rohingya Refugees in BangladeshTessa DeLaquil14 At the Policy Margins: People from Refugee Backgrounds in Australian Higher EducationAndrew Harvey and Betty LeaskSection 5: Ethiopia15 Higher Education for Refugees in EthiopiaAyenachew A. Woldegiyorgis16 Self-Financing as a New Stream of Refugee Higher Education: The Case of Eritreans in EthiopiaWondwosen Tamrat and Samuel Dermas HabtemariamSection 6: Turkey17 Struggles and Assets of Syrian University Students in TurkeyÖzgür Erdur-Baker, Onur Özmen, İdil Aksöz-Efe, Tamer Aker and M. Brinton Lykes18 Integrating Syrian Refugees into Turkish Higher Education: Successes, Challenges, and Future ImplicationsArmağan Erdoğan and Hakan ErginPart 3: The K-12 to University Pipeline19 Lessons from the Primary and Secondary School Context: Building Capacity to Support Migrant and Refugee StudentsRebecca Lowenhaupt and Martin Scanlan20 The K-12 to University Pipeline in the U.S. context: Implications for Refugee StudentsKerri Evans and Lisa UnangstIndex

Lisa Unangst is a PhD candidate in Higher Education at Boston College. She has published in the Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management and Policy Reviews in Higher Education. Her research focuses on refugee education in Germany and elsewhere.Hakan Ergin is a Lecturer at Istanbul University. He previously completed a post-doctoral fellowship at the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College. His research interests include internationalization of higher education, adult education, migration, right to education and distance learning.Araz Khajarian is a master’s student at Boston College. She earned her B.A. from Salve Regina University after previous study at the Higher Institute of Business Administration in Damascus. Her thesis examines context-relativity in organizational culture at a Jordanian university.Tessa DeLaquil is a Ph.D. student and research assistant at CIHE, Boston College. Her research interests include the philosophy of higher education and religious pluralism. She previously attended Queen’s University and the Franciscan University of Steubenville.Hans de Wit has published many articles on international higher education and was founding editor of the Journal of Studies in International Education and founding member of the European Association for International Education. He is Director of Boston College’s CIHE.

• Series PrefaceHans de Wit, Philip Altbach and Rebecca SchendelList of Figures and TablesNotes on ContributorsPart 1: Framing the Landscape1 Refugees and Higher Education: Trans-national Perspectives on Access, Equity, and InternationalizationHans de Wit, Tessa DeLaquil, Hakan Ergin, Araz Khajarian and Lisa Unangst2 Refugee Higher Education in Contexts of Displacement: Educational Approaches and Programmatic InitiativesThomas M. Crea and David Holdcroft3 Questioning the Ethics and Rationale of Refugee ResearchHakan ErginPart 2: Regional and National PerspectivesSection 1: Latin America4 Higher Education’s Response to Refugee Crises: Applying Lessons from the Syrian Conflict to the Venezuelan ContextNatalie Borg5 Colombian Institutional Responses to the Venezuelan Refugee CrisisHannah Maria Cazzetta6 Going Above and Beyond Access to Higher Education: The Brazilian CaseKelber ToziniSection 2: North America7 The Staying Dynamic among Syrian Students in the U.S.Araz Khajarian8 Latin Americans in the United States: Considerations on Immigrant and Refugee Access to Higher EducationGabrielle Oliveira and Corinne Kentor9 Human Rights Discourse and the US Education Landscape: Refugee-Specific Activity at Colleges and Universities in Idaho and MaineLisa UnangstSection 3: Europe10 Higher Education Innovations in Response to the Needs of Syrian Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Germany and ElsewhereNatalie Borg11 Vocational Training, “Upskilling,” and Paths to Higher Education for Refugees: Insights from Germany and SwedenNarintohn Luangrath12 Refugees Access to Higher Education in IrelandMichael Cronin, Clíodha Murphy, David M. Doyle, Delma Byrne and Muiread MurphySection 4: Asia and Oceania13 Towards Human Rights and Human Dignity for the Stateless in Higher Education: Denied Access to Higher Education for Rohingya Refugees in BangladeshTessa DeLaquil14 At the Policy Margins: People from Refugee Backgrounds in Australian Higher EducationAndrew Harvey and Betty LeaskSection 5: Ethiopia15 Higher Education for Refugees in EthiopiaAyenachew A. Woldegiyorgis16 Self-Financing as a New Stream of Refugee Higher Education: The Case of Eritreans in EthiopiaWondwosen Tamrat and Samuel Dermas HabtemariamSection 6: Turkey17 Struggles and Assets of Syrian University Students in TurkeyÖzgür Erdur-Baker, Onur Özmen, İdil Aksöz-Efe, Tamer Aker and M. Brinton Lykes18 Integrating Syrian Refugees into Turkish Higher Education: Successes, Challenges, and Future ImplicationsArmağan Erdoğan and Hakan ErginPart 3: The K-12 to University Pipeline19 Lessons from the Primary and Secondary School Context: Building Capacity to Support Migrant and Refugee StudentsRebecca Lowenhaupt and Martin Scanlan20 The K-12 to University Pipeline in the U.S. context: Implications for Refugee StudentsKerri Evans and Lisa UnangstIndex