Madalitso Zililo Phiri is a Post Doctoral Fellow in the South Africa United Kingdom Bilateral Research Chair in Political Theory, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa. He is co-author of Monuments and Memory in Africa: Reflections on Coloniality and Decoloniality (Routledge, 2024). Phiri’s publications include book chapters and refereed journal articles in outlets such as History of Intellectual Culture, Critical Sociology, Monthly Review, Global Health Promotion, Journal of Southern African Studies, and South African Journal of International Affairs.

• ContentsAcknowledgementsList of Figures6 Introduction: the Colour of Inequality in South Africa and Brazil1 Racial Capitalism as an Analytic in Global Debates on Anti-Black Racism2 Historical Sociology of South Africa’s and Brazil’s Hierarchical Social Citizenships3 On Racial Strivings and Divergent Experiences of Wealth and Inequality in South Africa and Brazil4 Social Assistance, Poverty, Inequality in South Africa and Brazil5 Organisation of the Book6 Note on Methodology and Race in the Comparative Study of South Africa and Brazil7 Racial Capitalism in the Making of South African and Brazilian Social Policies: Distribution of Cumulative Advantages and Disadvantages1 Introduction2 Slave Labour, Philanthropy and the Institutionalisation of Unequal Social Welfare in South Africa3 Social Policy and the Struggle for South Africa’s Liberation4 Slavery and Rudimentary Welfare in Colonial Brazil5 Brazilian Republicanism, Vargas and Social Policy6 South Africa and Brazil’s Historical Foundations of Social Policy in Comparative Perspective8 The Political Economy of Contemporary Racialised Welfare in South Africa and Brazil: Reparative Social Policy1 Race and the Political Economy of Social Assistance in South Africa—from Apartheid to Democracy2 Racialised Designs and Ideas of South Africa’s Social Policy Architecture in the Democratic Dispensation3 The Political Economy of Racialised Social Welfare in Brazil: Reversal of Fortunes?4 Poverty, Inequality, Racial Stratification and Social Exclusion under Progressive Reforms5 Conclusion9 Bread, Land and Humanity in South Africa’s and Brazil’s Social Policies: towards Repair1 Introduction2 The Cartography of Racialised Hunger and Social Exclusion in South Africa3 Work and Humanity in South Africa’s Social Policy Aspirations4 Is There a Cartography of Racialised Hunger in Brazil?5 Social Assistance and the Quest for Decent Work in Brazil6 Conclusion: Race and Poverty in South Africa and Brazil’s Hierarchical Social Policy Imaginaries10 Inequalities of Income and Wealth in South Africa’s and Brazil’s Social Policy Architectures1 Introduction2 Macroeconomic Uncertainties and Income Distribution in South Africa3 Wealth Redistribution and Social Assistance in South Africa’s Social Policy Regime4 Macroeconomic Shocks, Income Inequality and Social Assistance in Brazil5 Wealth Distribution and Social Assistance in Brazil6 Comparative Perspectives of Inequality of Opportunity and Outcomes in South Africa and BrazilEpilogue: the Idea of Social Policy as ReparationsReferencesIndex

Madalitso Zililo Phiri is a Post Doctoral Fellow in the South Africa United Kingdom Bilateral Research Chair in Political Theory, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa. He is co-author of Monuments and Memory in Africa: Reflections on Coloniality and Decoloniality (Routledge, 2024). Phiri’s publications include book chapters and refereed journal articles in outlets such as History of Intellectual Culture, Critical Sociology, Monthly Review, Global Health Promotion, Journal of Southern African Studies, and South African Journal of International Affairs.

• ContentsAcknowledgementsList of Figures6 Introduction: the Colour of Inequality in South Africa and Brazil1 Racial Capitalism as an Analytic in Global Debates on Anti-Black Racism2 Historical Sociology of South Africa’s and Brazil’s Hierarchical Social Citizenships3 On Racial Strivings and Divergent Experiences of Wealth and Inequality in South Africa and Brazil4 Social Assistance, Poverty, Inequality in South Africa and Brazil5 Organisation of the Book6 Note on Methodology and Race in the Comparative Study of South Africa and Brazil7 Racial Capitalism in the Making of South African and Brazilian Social Policies: Distribution of Cumulative Advantages and Disadvantages1 Introduction2 Slave Labour, Philanthropy and the Institutionalisation of Unequal Social Welfare in South Africa3 Social Policy and the Struggle for South Africa’s Liberation4 Slavery and Rudimentary Welfare in Colonial Brazil5 Brazilian Republicanism, Vargas and Social Policy6 South Africa and Brazil’s Historical Foundations of Social Policy in Comparative Perspective8 The Political Economy of Contemporary Racialised Welfare in South Africa and Brazil: Reparative Social Policy1 Race and the Political Economy of Social Assistance in South Africa—from Apartheid to Democracy2 Racialised Designs and Ideas of South Africa’s Social Policy Architecture in the Democratic Dispensation3 The Political Economy of Racialised Social Welfare in Brazil: Reversal of Fortunes?4 Poverty, Inequality, Racial Stratification and Social Exclusion under Progressive Reforms5 Conclusion9 Bread, Land and Humanity in South Africa’s and Brazil’s Social Policies: towards Repair1 Introduction2 The Cartography of Racialised Hunger and Social Exclusion in South Africa3 Work and Humanity in South Africa’s Social Policy Aspirations4 Is There a Cartography of Racialised Hunger in Brazil?5 Social Assistance and the Quest for Decent Work in Brazil6 Conclusion: Race and Poverty in South Africa and Brazil’s Hierarchical Social Policy Imaginaries10 Inequalities of Income and Wealth in South Africa’s and Brazil’s Social Policy Architectures1 Introduction2 Macroeconomic Uncertainties and Income Distribution in South Africa3 Wealth Redistribution and Social Assistance in South Africa’s Social Policy Regime4 Macroeconomic Shocks, Income Inequality and Social Assistance in Brazil5 Wealth Distribution and Social Assistance in Brazil6 Comparative Perspectives of Inequality of Opportunity and Outcomes in South Africa and BrazilEpilogue: the Idea of Social Policy as ReparationsReferencesIndex

Madalitso Zililo Phiri is a Post Doctoral Fellow in the South Africa United Kingdom Bilateral Research Chair in Political Theory, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa. He is co-author of Monuments and Memory in Africa: Reflections on Coloniality and Decoloniality (Routledge, 2024). Phiri’s publications include book chapters and refereed journal articles in outlets such as History of Intellectual Culture, Critical Sociology, Monthly Review, Global Health Promotion, Journal of Southern African Studies, and South African Journal of International Affairs.

• ContentsAcknowledgementsList of Figures6 Introduction: the Colour of Inequality in South Africa and Brazil1 Racial Capitalism as an Analytic in Global Debates on Anti-Black Racism2 Historical Sociology of South Africa’s and Brazil’s Hierarchical Social Citizenships3 On Racial Strivings and Divergent Experiences of Wealth and Inequality in South Africa and Brazil4 Social Assistance, Poverty, Inequality in South Africa and Brazil5 Organisation of the Book6 Note on Methodology and Race in the Comparative Study of South Africa and Brazil7 Racial Capitalism in the Making of South African and Brazilian Social Policies: Distribution of Cumulative Advantages and Disadvantages1 Introduction2 Slave Labour, Philanthropy and the Institutionalisation of Unequal Social Welfare in South Africa3 Social Policy and the Struggle for South Africa’s Liberation4 Slavery and Rudimentary Welfare in Colonial Brazil5 Brazilian Republicanism, Vargas and Social Policy6 South Africa and Brazil’s Historical Foundations of Social Policy in Comparative Perspective8 The Political Economy of Contemporary Racialised Welfare in South Africa and Brazil: Reparative Social Policy1 Race and the Political Economy of Social Assistance in South Africa—from Apartheid to Democracy2 Racialised Designs and Ideas of South Africa’s Social Policy Architecture in the Democratic Dispensation3 The Political Economy of Racialised Social Welfare in Brazil: Reversal of Fortunes?4 Poverty, Inequality, Racial Stratification and Social Exclusion under Progressive Reforms5 Conclusion9 Bread, Land and Humanity in South Africa’s and Brazil’s Social Policies: towards Repair1 Introduction2 The Cartography of Racialised Hunger and Social Exclusion in South Africa3 Work and Humanity in South Africa’s Social Policy Aspirations4 Is There a Cartography of Racialised Hunger in Brazil?5 Social Assistance and the Quest for Decent Work in Brazil6 Conclusion: Race and Poverty in South Africa and Brazil’s Hierarchical Social Policy Imaginaries10 Inequalities of Income and Wealth in South Africa’s and Brazil’s Social Policy Architectures1 Introduction2 Macroeconomic Uncertainties and Income Distribution in South Africa3 Wealth Redistribution and Social Assistance in South Africa’s Social Policy Regime4 Macroeconomic Shocks, Income Inequality and Social Assistance in Brazil5 Wealth Distribution and Social Assistance in Brazil6 Comparative Perspectives of Inequality of Opportunity and Outcomes in South Africa and BrazilEpilogue: the Idea of Social Policy as ReparationsReferencesIndex