Minimization of power dissipation in very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits is important to improve reliability and reduce packaging costs. While many techniques have investigated power minimization during the functional (normal) mode of operation, it is important to examine the power dissipation during the test circuit activity is substantially higher during test than during functional operation. For example, during the execution of built-in self-test (BIST) in-field sessions, excessive power dissipation can decrease the reliability of the circuit under test due to higher temperature and current density.

Power-Constrained Testing of VLSI Circuits focuses on techniques for minimizing power dissipation during test application at logic and register-transfer levels of abstraction of the VLSI design flow. The first part of this book surveys the existing techniques for power constrained testing of VLSI circuits. In the second part, several test automation techniques for reducing power in scan-based sequential circuits and BIST data paths are presented.

Enables readers to assess, manage and prevent damage from the environment’s biggest enemy: microplastics

Microplastics in the Environment addresses the biggest unresolved pollution issue: microplastics accumulating in the environment at a rapidly growing rate, giving rise to severe ecological stress and novel diseases in both aquatic and terrestrial organisms. This book is a one-stop resource that ties together the latest developments in this fast-moving field, including analytical techniques, risk assessment methods and predictive approaches, and evaluates different strategies that make it possible to minimize and redress microplastics pollution in the near and distant future.

The book is organized into three main parts. Part one explains the fundamental ideas underlying microplastics, including their classification, major sources, detection and characterisation, as well as risk assessment methods. The second part covers the fate and transport of microplastics in various environmental domains, their interaction with ecosystems and the exposure of humans to environment-borne microplastics. The final part surveys current and future approaches to limit and remove the environmental effects of microplastics, from replacement of plastics with biodegradable substitutes to more efficient recycling of plastics to their active removal and remediation.

Microplastics in the Environment includes information on:

With its emphasis on management and remediation, Microplastics in the Environment is a valuable resource for environmental scientists, government agencies and researchers working in the field of microplastics pollution.

Enables readers to assess, manage and prevent damage from the environment’s biggest enemy: microplastics

Microplastics in the Environment addresses the biggest unresolved pollution issue: microplastics accumulating in the environment at a rapidly growing rate, giving rise to severe ecological stress and novel diseases in both aquatic and terrestrial organisms. This book is a one-stop resource that ties together the latest developments in this fast-moving field, including analytical techniques, risk assessment methods and predictive approaches, and evaluates different strategies that make it possible to minimize and redress microplastics pollution in the near and distant future.

The book is organized into three main parts. Part one explains the fundamental ideas underlying microplastics, including their classification, major sources, detection and characterisation, as well as risk assessment methods. The second part covers the fate and transport of microplastics in various environmental domains, their interaction with ecosystems and the exposure of humans to environment-borne microplastics. The final part surveys current and future approaches to limit and remove the environmental effects of microplastics, from replacement of plastics with biodegradable substitutes to more efficient recycling of plastics to their active removal and remediation.

Microplastics in the Environment includes information on:

With its emphasis on management and remediation, Microplastics in the Environment is a valuable resource for environmental scientists, government agencies and researchers working in the field of microplastics pollution.

Minimization of power dissipation in very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits is important to improve reliability and reduce packaging costs. While many techniques have investigated power minimization during the functional (normal) mode of operation, it is important to examine the power dissipation during the test circuit activity is substantially higher during test than during functional operation. For example, during the execution of built-in self-test (BIST) in-field sessions, excessive power dissipation can decrease the reliability of the circuit under test due to higher temperature and current density.

Power-Constrained Testing of VLSI Circuits focuses on techniques for minimizing power dissipation during test application at logic and register-transfer levels of abstraction of the VLSI design flow. The first part of this book surveys the existing techniques for power constrained testing of VLSI circuits. In the second part, several test automation techniques for reducing power in scan-based sequential circuits and BIST data paths are presented.

Enables readers to assess, manage and prevent damage from the environment’s biggest enemy: microplastics

Microplastics in the Environment addresses the biggest unresolved pollution issue: microplastics accumulating in the environment at a rapidly growing rate, giving rise to severe ecological stress and novel diseases in both aquatic and terrestrial organisms. This book is a one-stop resource that ties together the latest developments in this fast-moving field, including analytical techniques, risk assessment methods and predictive approaches, and evaluates different strategies that make it possible to minimize and redress microplastics pollution in the near and distant future.

The book is organized into three main parts. Part one explains the fundamental ideas underlying microplastics, including their classification, major sources, detection and characterisation, as well as risk assessment methods. The second part covers the fate and transport of microplastics in various environmental domains, their interaction with ecosystems and the exposure of humans to environment-borne microplastics. The final part surveys current and future approaches to limit and remove the environmental effects of microplastics, from replacement of plastics with biodegradable substitutes to more efficient recycling of plastics to their active removal and remediation.

Microplastics in the Environment includes information on:

With its emphasis on management and remediation, Microplastics in the Environment is a valuable resource for environmental scientists, government agencies and researchers working in the field of microplastics pollution.

Enables readers to assess, manage and prevent damage from the environment’s biggest enemy: microplastics

Microplastics in the Environment addresses the biggest unresolved pollution issue: microplastics accumulating in the environment at a rapidly growing rate, giving rise to severe ecological stress and novel diseases in both aquatic and terrestrial organisms. This book is a one-stop resource that ties together the latest developments in this fast-moving field, including analytical techniques, risk assessment methods and predictive approaches, and evaluates different strategies that make it possible to minimize and redress microplastics pollution in the near and distant future.

The book is organized into three main parts. Part one explains the fundamental ideas underlying microplastics, including their classification, major sources, detection and characterisation, as well as risk assessment methods. The second part covers the fate and transport of microplastics in various environmental domains, their interaction with ecosystems and the exposure of humans to environment-borne microplastics. The final part surveys current and future approaches to limit and remove the environmental effects of microplastics, from replacement of plastics with biodegradable substitutes to more efficient recycling of plastics to their active removal and remediation.

Microplastics in the Environment includes information on:

With its emphasis on management and remediation, Microplastics in the Environment is a valuable resource for environmental scientists, government agencies and researchers working in the field of microplastics pollution.