Cary Cooper – författare

Contracts in employment are of two kinds: the formal, written contract and the equally important, informal and unwritten psychological contract—how people think they should be treated. Both involve rights, obligations and expectations on the part of the employer and the employee, and a breach in one can have important effects on the other. For example, how people feel they are being treated by the organization can affect their perception of their levels of pay. Organizations and the Psychological Contract has two main aims in exploring these issues: to act as a handbook for practicing managers, and as a basic text in management courses.Organizations and the Psychological Contract has two main aims in exploring these issues in the organizational context: to act as a handbook for practicing managers, and as a basic text in management courses. Relevant theories are explained and developed using practical examples, self-assessment exercises, and case studies. This is a revised and much expanded version of Managing People at Work, with the addition of chapters on Selection and Career Development, Understanding and Coping with Change, Empowerment and Self-Management, and the Behavioural Approach to Motivation. As well as undertaking research into many aspects of organizational life, the authors have many years' experience as consultants, acting for industrial and commercial organizations in all sectors of the economy.

Parenthood can be one of the most fulfilling, altering, and challenging life events. This book is set within the background of the reality of many parents’ return-to-work experience, the task of re-engaging with work and maintaining a job or a career, and the difficulties that parenthood poses for balancing the demands of a new family with the demands of work. It helps us understand this reality, give voice to new parents, and offer relief in the knowledge that we know a lot about these challenges and, most importantly, how we can start to address them. The book brings together a number of internationally recognized experts from research, practice, and policy to explore the issues and offer evidence-based solutions around return-to-work after having children. It takes a balanced approach to theory and practice to cover topics such as equality, stereotypes, work-family conflict, training and development, and workplace culture, among others, whilst integrating research and policy, and illustrating learnings with case studies from parents and examples from countries that lead the way. It will appeal to parents, researchers, and employers in any sector or economy across the world. Ultimately, it will help develop ways for new parents to re-engage with work successfully while maintaining their work-family well-being.

Parenthood can be one of the most fulfilling, altering, and challenging life events. This book is set within the background of the reality of many parents’ return-to-work experience, the task of re-engaging with work and maintaining a job or a career, and the difficulties that parenthood poses for balancing the demands of a new family with the demands of work. It helps us understand this reality, give voice to new parents, and offer relief in the knowledge that we know a lot about these challenges and, most importantly, how we can start to address them. The book brings together a number of internationally recognized experts from research, practice, and policy to explore the issues and offer evidence-based solutions around return-to-work after having children. It takes a balanced approach to theory and practice to cover topics such as equality, stereotypes, work-family conflict, training and development, and workplace culture, among others, whilst integrating research and policy, and illustrating learnings with case studies from parents and examples from countries that lead the way. It will appeal to parents, researchers, and employers in any sector or economy across the world. Ultimately, it will help develop ways for new parents to re-engage with work successfully while maintaining their work-family well-being.

Stress is defined as a feeling experienced when a person perceives that demands exceed the personal and social resources the individual is able to mobilize. It can occur due to environmental issues, such as a looming work deadline, or psychological, for example, persistent worry about familial problems. While the acute response to life-threatening circumstances can be life-saving, research reveals that the body’s stress response is largely similar when it reacts to less threatening but chronically present stressors such as work overload, deadline pressures and family conflicts. It is proffered that chronic activation of stress response in the body can lead to several pathological changes such as elevated blood pressure, clogging of blood vessels, anxiety, depression, and addiction. Organizational Stress Around the World: Research and Practice aims to present a sound theoretical and empirical basis for understanding the evolving and changing nature of stress in contemporary organizations. It presents research that expands theory and practice by addressing real-world issues, across cultures and by providing multiple perspectives on organizational stress and research relevant to different occupational settings and cultures. Personal, occupational, organizational, and societal issues relevant to stress identification along with management techniques/approach to confront stress and its associated problems at individual and organizational level are also explored. It will be of value to researchers, academics, practitioners, and students interested in stress management research.

Stress is defined as a feeling experienced when a person perceives that demands exceed the personal and social resources the individual is able to mobilize. It can occur due to environmental issues, such as a looming work deadline, or psychological, for example, persistent worry about familial problems. While the acute response to life-threatening circumstances can be life-saving, research reveals that the body’s stress response is largely similar when it reacts to less threatening but chronically present stressors such as work overload, deadline pressures and family conflicts. It is proffered that chronic activation of stress response in the body can lead to several pathological changes such as elevated blood pressure, clogging of blood vessels, anxiety, depression, and addiction. Organizational Stress Around the World: Research and Practice aims to present a sound theoretical and empirical basis for understanding the evolving and changing nature of stress in contemporary organizations. It presents research that expands theory and practice by addressing real-world issues, across cultures and by providing multiple perspectives on organizational stress and research relevant to different occupational settings and cultures. Personal, occupational, organizational, and societal issues relevant to stress identification along with management techniques/approach to confront stress and its associated problems at individual and organizational level are also explored. It will be of value to researchers, academics, practitioners, and students interested in stress management research.

The Covid-19 pandemic, with its resulting lockdowns and significant changes to ways of working, has provided the opportunity to redefine the potential role that health and wellbeing can play within organisations.Empowering employees to work in ways that optimise their performance, acknowledging both personal and work demands, has created a new work paradigm that had previously not been considered. All savvy organisations will take this as a point in time to rethink business and HR practice, for the benefits of employees and employers. Written by the Head of Associate Health and Wellbeing (Europe) at Mars Incorporated, Dr Monika Misra, and world-renowned expert on wellbeing in organisations, Sir Cary Cooper, the book provides clear evidence of what worked well during the Covid-19 pandemic that we can learn from and embed today, to enable individuals and organisations to thrive. Basing recommendations on a robust evidence base and through real-life practices within organisations, they provide a framework for a four-level response at organisational, team, management and individual levels.This book will provide an essential resource to stimulate company leaders, managers and HR, to rethink and reframe new approaches that enhance employee wellbeing, engagement and performance.

The Covid-19 pandemic, with its resulting lockdowns and significant changes to ways of working, has provided the opportunity to redefine the potential role that health and wellbeing can play within organisations.Empowering employees to work in ways that optimise their performance, acknowledging both personal and work demands, has created a new work paradigm that had previously not been considered. All savvy organisations will take this as a point in time to rethink business and HR practice, for the benefits of employees and employers. Written by the Head of Associate Health and Wellbeing (Europe) at Mars Incorporated, Dr Monika Misra, and world-renowned expert on wellbeing in organisations, Sir Cary Cooper, the book provides clear evidence of what worked well during the Covid-19 pandemic that we can learn from and embed today, to enable individuals and organisations to thrive. Basing recommendations on a robust evidence base and through real-life practices within organisations, they provide a framework for a four-level response at organisational, team, management and individual levels.This book will provide an essential resource to stimulate company leaders, managers and HR, to rethink and reframe new approaches that enhance employee wellbeing, engagement and performance.

Our education system has undergone a process of enormous and rapid change, and all too often teachers have found that insufficient support has been offered to help them cope with this. As a result, most teachers now find that they experience stress of one sort or another at some point during their careers.As a direct reaction to this, the National Association of Schoolmasters and Union of Women Teachers (NASUWT) have commissioned a comprehensive study of the issue of teacher stress. This book reports on the findings of that study, and the implications this has not only for teachers, but also for the pupils they teach.Cary Cooper and Cheryl Travers' book:* helps to identify which teachers are currently at risk of stress* explores how teacher's problems vary according to where they work, their grade, whether they are male or female and the age range they teach* suggests ways in which the problems of teachers can be helped* suggests preventative action to minimise stress and maximise educational experience

Workplace bullying is an area that has attracted significant press attention throughout the last decade. A variety of well publicized surveys have revealed that this is an issue endemic in working life in Britain; and, at a conservative estimate, over half the working population can expect to experience bullying at work (either directly by being bullied, or through witnessing it) at some stage in their careers. This is now seen to be a disturbing event, with something like a fifth of witnesses and a quarter of direct targets leaving their organizations.This serious damage to individuals has been accorded little direct research in Britain, although it has resulted in court cases brought under health and safety and equal opportunities legislation. The recognition of the problem and the emergence of court cases, have both served to focus employers on the need to deal with the issue. The recent strike vote at Ford in Dagenham, asking the employer to enforce existing anti-harassment policies, highlights the fact that having paper policies is not enough. Workplace Bullying is derived from the largest survey ever carried out on workplace bullying, supported by the CBI, TUC, Federation of Small Businesses, IPD, and the HSE among others. This study covered 5,500 people, but the book goes beyond it to explore all the issues associated with what is becoming a major issue in organizations.

Working in a stressful environment not only increases the risk of physical illness or distress, but also increases the likelihood of workplace accidents. While legislation provides some guidelines for risk assessment of physical hazards, there remains limited guidance on the risks of psychosocial hazards, such as occupational stress.This book takes the risk management approach to stress evaluation in the workplace, offering practical guidelines for the audit, assessment and mitigation of workplace stressors. Based on research and case studies, this book provides a comprehensive source of theoretical and practical information for students and practitioners alike. It includes chapters on:* environmental stress factors* psychological stress factors* work-related accidents* job stress evaluation methodsWith its up-to-date approach to a fascinating area of study, this is key reading for all students of organizational psychology and those responsible for workplace safety.

Working in a stressful environment not only increases the risk of physical illness or distress, but also increases the likelihood of workplace accidents. While legislation provides some guidelines for risk assessment of physical hazards, there remains limited guidance on the risks of psychosocial hazards, such as occupational stress.This book takes the risk management approach to stress evaluation in the workplace, offering practical guidelines for the audit, assessment and mitigation of workplace stressors. Based on research and case studies, this book provides a comprehensive source of theoretical and practical information for students and practitioners alike. It includes chapters on:* environmental stress factors* psychological stress factors* work-related accidents* job stress evaluation methodsWith its up-to-date approach to a fascinating area of study, this is key reading for all students of organizational psychology and those responsible for workplace safety.

We exist in an era of great change and widespread uncertainty in which course-determining decisions lie with organizational leaders; in this continually shifting climate we require their courage to take action. Billions of dollars are spent annually on developing leaders, yet despite these efforts, most organizations report a shortage of leaders - a leadership gap - and estimates of leadership failures approach fifty per cent.Authored by some of the best names in the subject area, this book addresses this issue and provides readers with an innovative approach to learning leadership skills, merging theory with practice to enable a better understanding of this complex and significant subject. It emphasizes a balance of skills, the critical role of feedback in learning and development, and innovative thoughts on developing women leaders. Taking an international perspective, this outstanding text will be an invaluable resource for those studying leadership, organizational behaviour and human resource management as well as those on specialist masters and MBA courses, and will be especially useful for those undertaking the difficult task of leading within organizations.

We exist in an era of great change and widespread uncertainty in which course-determining decisions lie with organizational leaders; in this continually shifting climate we require their courage to take action. Billions of dollars are spent annually on developing leaders, yet despite these efforts, most organizations report a shortage of leaders - a leadership gap - and estimates of leadership failures approach fifty per cent.Authored by some of the best names in the subject area, this book addresses this issue and provides readers with an innovative approach to learning leadership skills, merging theory with practice to enable a better understanding of this complex and significant subject. It emphasizes a balance of skills, the critical role of feedback in learning and development, and innovative thoughts on developing women leaders. Taking an international perspective, this outstanding text will be an invaluable resource for those studying leadership, organizational behaviour and human resource management as well as those on specialist masters and MBA courses, and will be especially useful for those undertaking the difficult task of leading within organizations.

In more recent times, the essence of the gatekeeper's role has moved to the 'boundary spanner' - a systems thinker who understands the specific needs and interests of the organization and whose greatest asset is their ability to move across and through the formal and informal features of the modern organization.There are many types of boundaries associated with an organization, for example, horizontal, (function and expertise), vertical (status, hierarchy), geographic, demographic, and stakeholder. Boundaries are "the defining characteristic of organizations and, boundary roles are the link between the environment and the organization" (Aldrich & Herker, 1977) with functions crucial to the effectiveness and success of the organization. Despite being a critical success factor for an organization, beginning in the 1970s, the term - 'boundary spanning' has had an intermittent research history: there has been no systematic body of research that has evolved over time. This book aims to invigorate, excite, and expand the literature on boundary spanning in a diverse range of disciplines such as sociology, organizational psychology, management, medicine, defence, health, social work, and community services. The book serves as the first collection of reviews on boundary spanning in organizations.

Employees have a set of needs as part of the 'psychological contract' of employment. However, organizations operate for a reason and they too have agendas and needs. It is how the two come together that determines the capacity for good human relations and optimum productivity. Employee Well-being Support is an edited collection of expert contributions that explores all key issues in this increasingly critical area.

The Enterprise Culture of the 1980s helped transform economies of Western Europe, but left behind a legacy of stress, both for managers and shop floor workers. The cost to business is seen in absenteeism, reduced productivity, compensation claims, health insurance and direct medical costs, which in the US cost approximately $150 billion a year. Stress related absences are about ten time more costly in the UK than all industrial relations disputes put together, and sickness absence, premature death and retirement due to alcoholism costs a staggering £2 billion a year.The future is likely to get worse. As the pace of change increases and competition intensifies, organisations will restructure and the pressure on individual workers will increase. They can expect to feel less in control and more insecure in their work.This major work includes a collection of good practice examples and has been drawn together in a structured way to allow clear comparisons of a number of companies in the USA and Europe, ranging from the US Air Force, to an international pharmaceutical company (Zeneca), and a high-powered international retailer (Marks and Spencer). Human resource and occupational health professionals should find this an enlightening work, full of good examples to help them create a healthy environment for their workforce.

Straightforward, easy to read and practical, How to Deal with Stress, 3rd edition will put you back in charge of your life. Written by two internationally-recognized experts in the field of stress management, Cooper and Palmer provide a thorough understanding of the psychological causes of stress and the resulting physical effects, enabling you to build your own personal plan, improve well-being and enhance your performance at work.Full of insight and examples from real people, a brand new chapter provides a practical worksheet to help you develop your problem solving skills and reduce stress day-to-day. Crammed full of techniques on how to deal with stressed employees and colleagues, How to Deal with Stress will help you achieve the ultimate long term goal.

Recent research shows that the number of people in senior specialist and middle management positions is growing. As organizations continue to flatten, the middle becomes the place where many will spend the majority of their careers. The Outstanding Middle Manager is the new guide to dealing with those pressures specific to the role and maximizing the opportunities to forge a fulfilling and balanced career in the middle. Drawing on the latest research into workplace trends, strategic management and work-life balance, Tinline and Cooper focus on middle management as an opportunity level.Readers can discover: strategies for managing upwards as well as downwards, how to deal effectively with generational differences and an evolving workplace, influencing, empowerment and team-building skills, and stress- and life-management strategies that bring clarity and purpose. With a focus on lateral development and progression as a career choice, The Outstanding Middle Manager empowers readers to take control of their mid-level career to become more fulfilled, more resilient and more satisfied.

Research now shows us that long-term activation of the stress cycle can have a hazardous, even lethal, effect on the body, increasing the risk of obesity, heart disease, depression, cancer, and other illnesses. This new edition of an award-winning book presents cutting-edge research on the effects of stress.Edited by one of the world’s authorities in stress management, occupational psychology, and occupational medicine, Handbook of Stress Medicine and Health, Second Edition offers a completely revised and updated look at the different types of stress, including their characteristics, symptoms, duration, and treatment approaches. The text proposes a generic theory on stress and health and explores the relationship of stress to a variety of health outcomes, including heart disease, cancer, mental health, burnout, and complications of the endocrine and immune systems. It addresses the link between stress and personality, and discusses the impact of social support on various health conditions. The final chapters deal with stress and its consequences, such as the emotional processing of traumatic events, dealing with stress in families and in chronic disease, and coping with stress in the workplace. With contributions from the foremost leaders in the field, this authoritative book evaluates a wide range of psychosocial factors that contribute to many of today’s major illnesses. It also proposes strategies for prevention and management, which will hopefully encourage future research into the reduction of stress.

The Handbook of Stress in the Occupations sets a new agenda for stress research and gives fresh impetus to scholars who wish to focus on issues and problems associated with specific jobs, some of which have received little attention in the past. Written by researchers who are true experts in the field of each occupation, this comprehensive compendium reviews stress in a wide range of jobs including transport, education, farming, fishing, oil rig drilling, finance, law enforcement, fire fighting, entrepreneurship, music, social services, prisons, sports, and health including surgery, internship, dentistry, nursing, paramedics, psychiatry and social work. Several occupations such as oil rig drilling are reviewed; these jobs have always been stressful but have received little attention by researchers, and only now receive more focus due to the Bay of Mexico accident. Other occupations demand more of our attention because there have been substantial technological changes in particular jobs, such as in dentistry, nursing, and surgery. This lucid and insightful compendium will be a source of inspiration for those in the helping professions and all those individuals working in the industries described in the book. More specifically, the Handbook will strongly appeal to human resource specialists, psychologists, occupational health and safety professionals, managers, nurses and therapists. Written in highly accessible language, it will also provide rich reading to lay audiences including job incumbents themselves, as well as specialists in industry and academia. Academics and postgraduate students of business, management, and psychology will find plenty of detailed information regarding stress associated with occupations.

Human Resource Management in Small Business fills a gap in our understanding of economic performance. Small businesses are more numerous, have more employees, and contribute more to the economies of nations throughout the world than do large organizations. This book examines a range of issues, including the significance of human resource management (HRM) practices to small business success, the management of work hours and work stressors, work and family issues, succession planning, employee recruitment and selection, and managing staff. It also explores how individuals develop HRM skills, and learn from their own and others' experiences. The role of HRM practices in successful small businesses is illustrated through a range of case studies.Including contributors who are internationally recognized academics from a range of countries; this book will prove to be an essential resource for postgraduate students and academics in management. Professional managers and owners in SMEs will also discover great insights from this admirable book. Contributors include: R. Burke, G. Castrogiovanni, S. Clarke, C. Collins, E. Drew, S. Fielden, M. George, E. Hamilton, C. Henry, A.-L. Humbert, A. Noblet, T. Pett, J. Pollack, A. Rauch, G. Seijts, M. Troilo

An economic recession can affect the aggregate well-being of a population. This highly regarded and timely book shows a significant increase in the mean levels of distress and dissatisfaction in the work place in recent years.In particular, increasing job demands, intrinsic job insecurity and increasingly inadequate salaries make substantial contributions to psychological distress, family conflict and related behaviors. The contributors reveal that the recession has fundamentally altered the way employees view their work and leaders. With employers and employees still facing a continued period of uncertainty, a severe impact on employment relations is a continuing reality.Given the difficult economic times, many people are feeling the pressure to work harder. This book will be valuable for undergraduate students and practitioners in the fields of organizational behavior and human resource management.Contributors: A.-S. Antoniou, C.C. Benight, K.A. Buchholz, R. Burke, D.A.J. Cable, R. Cieslak, M. Dalla, L. Fiksenbaum, A. Furnham, E. Georgiadi, M. Givalos, E. Greenglass, L.B. Hammer, I.L.D. Houtman, L. Jiang, H. Kahn, D. Karaj, L. Kashahu, B.D. Kirkcaldy, M.A.J. Kompier, L. Lu, A. Malach-Pines, D. Malinowska, Z. Marjanovic, G. Michailidis, G. Mohr, M. O'Driscoll, K. Otto, T. Probst, T. Rigotti, M.M. Schaffer, E.I. Shupe, R.R. Sinclair, E. Smoktunowicz, T.W. Taris, A. Tokarz, M. Trzebinska, A.F. Wagenaar, N. Zaidman

This impressive book assembles the latest research findings and thinking on the management of voluntary/nonprofit sector organizations and the effective utilization of both paid staff and volunteers. The authors expertly look into the challenges faced by this sector and the growing role that it plays in society. They review HRM in the voluntary sector and discuss the challenges of bringing about best practices, as well as suggesting how to improve leadership of voluntary/nonprofit organizations.Non-profit organizations serve several useful purposes in society and exist in every country in the world. Like organizations in other sectors, non-profit organizations now have to do more with less. This book indicates the ways in which human resource management policies and practices can improve the effectiveness of non-profit organizations. The authors consider the roles played by non-profit organizations in effective leadership and its development, developing the non-profit brand, enhancing learning and skills development of both paid staff and volunteers and encouraging and supporting organizational change. They also examine how university-based education programs are developing talent in the non-profit sector.This timely book will prove invaluable to academics and doctoral students interested in all aspects of management within the non-profit/voluntary sector. Government professionals working in this sector will also find this compendium insightful.Contributors include: J. Blackmar, R.J. Burke, H.L. Carpenter, S.M. Chandler, C.L. Cooper, C.W. Coultas, I. Cunningham, D. Fields, S.L. Grau, W.E. Hein, M. Johansen, J. Jones, B. Kindel, S.B. Kleiser, N. Laidler-Kylander, K. Leroux, M. McDonald, R. Mirabella, T.R. Packard, J.C. Ronquillo, E. Salas, S. Zajac

This insightful book presents current thinking and research evidence on the role of human resource management policies and practices in increasing service quality, efficiency and organizational effectiveness in the public sector.Internationally, public sector organisations face enormous challenges, including increasingly uncertain political and economic environments, more vigilant and cost-conscious governments, rapidly evolving community needs and an ageing workforce. This collection examines a range of HRM-related topics that will influence the capacity of public sector agencies to negotiate and respond to the challenges ahead. These topics include managing public sector human resources during an economic downturn, enhancing the satisfaction and motivation of public sector employees, attracting and retaining talent, leadership development, and case studies in successful public sector organizational change.With each chapter drawing on the latest research, but also emphasizing the practical implications, this collection is suitable for practitioners, researchers and students alike. It will also be valuable for HR specialists and managers of HR units in the public sector.Contributors: A. Akkerman, A.F. Allisey, M. Arnaboldi, G. Azzone, T.S. Bailey, A.B. Bakker, M. Bradbury, R.J. Burke, C.L. Cooper, M.F. Dollard, M.E. Guy, J.J. Hakanen, J.E. Kellough, T. LaMontagne, J.J. Llorens, K. Manning, M. Martínez Lucio, P. McGurk, S.S. McLinton, K.J. Meier, M.A. Newman, A.J. Noblet, L.J. O'Toole (Jr), K. Page, C.J. Rees, P. Singh, J.E. Sowa, P. Stanton, R. Torenvlied, C. Truss, W. Vandenabeele

This authoritative book brings together many of the leading published articles in the field of workplace wellbeing and happiness. It highlights the costs of a lack of wellbeing at work, what research suggests are the sources of depleted and enhanced wellbeing, as well as happiness at work. It also looks at the issue of what interventions are necessary to promote wellbeing and happiness in the workplace. Including an original introduction by the editors, this book will be an essential resource for anyone interested in this important area.

Over recent years, many companies have developed an awareness of the importance of an active, rather than passive, approach to wellbeing at work. Whilst the value of this approach is widely accepted, turning theory into effective practice is still a challenge for many companies. The Routledge Companion to Wellbeing at Work is a comprehensive reference volume addressing every aspect of the topic. Split into five parts, it explores different models of wellbeing; personal qualities contributing to wellbeing; job insecurity and organizational wellbeing; workplace supports for wellbeing; and initiatives to enhance wellbeing. The international team of contributors provide a solid foundation to research and practice, including contemporary topics such as architecture, coaching, and fitness in the workplace.Edited by two of the world’s leading scholars on the subject, this text is a valuable tool for researchers, students, and practitioners in HRM and organizational psychology.

This research shows the dynamic relationship between work, health and satisfaction. New Directions in Organizational Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, comprehensively covers new developments in the field of occupational health psychology and provides insight into the many challenges that will change the nature of occupational health psychology. The editors have gathered 40 experts from all over the developed world to discuss issues relevant to human resource and talent management, and specifically to employment related physical and psychological health issues. Especially because it comes at a time of economic turbulence that will create work stress and strain, organizations, researchers and practitioners will find this book valuable.

Occupational health psychology has emerged as a vital new field in its own right in recent years and its key areas of focus are occupational stress, work wellbeing, and work-life balance. This Encyclopedia is the godfather of this new discipline, defining the diversity of its concepts, theories and methods. It will be the essential resource for scholars, practitioners and students for years to come.The scholarly field of occupational health psychology has emerged from the broad study of worker health and wellbeing, mixing concepts, theories and methods from occupational/organizational/business psychology and health psychology. Authoritative and comprehensive in scope, the Elgar Encyclopedia of Occupational Health Psychology offers definitions from job crafting, organizational justice, employee voice, workplace bullying, workplace health and wellbeing strategy, and interventions - to gig work, the four-day working week, remote and virtual work, entrepreneurship, technostress, and AI and Cobotics. This Encyclopedia is breaking new ground in helping to define this new field for psychologists across the globe.Key Features:72 entries covering each of the central topics in occupational health psychologyEach entry provides a definition, key association, future directions and readings as a fundamental starting point for future research.All entries written by experts on occupational health psychology from around the world.