Gerd Stumme - Böcker

Social Tagging Systems are web applications in which users upload resources (e.g., bookmarks, videos, photos, etc.) and annotate it with a list of freely chosen keywords called tags. This is a grassroots approach to organize a site and help users to find the resources they are interested in. Social tagging systems are open and inherently social; features that have been proven to encourage participation. However, with the large popularity of these systems and the increasing amount of user-contributed content, information overload rapidly becomes an issue. Recommender Systems are well known applications for increasing the level of relevant content over the “noise” that continuously grows as more and more content becomes available online. In social tagging systems, however, we face new challenges. While in classic recommender systems the mode of recommendation is basically the resource, in social tagging systems there are three possible modes of recommendation: users, resources, or tags. Therefore suitable methods that properly exploit the different dimensions of social tagging systems data are needed. In this book, we survey the most recent and state-of-the-art work about a whole new generation of recommender systems built to serve social tagging systems. The book is divided into self-contained chapters covering the background material on social tagging systems and recommender systems to the more advanced techniques like the ones based on tensor factorization and graph-based models.

Socio-technical Design of Ubiquitous Computing Systems

This book introduces and reviews recent advances inthe field in a comprehensive and non-technical way by focusing on the potentialof emerging citizen-science and social-computation frameworks, coupled with thelatest theoretical and modeling tools developed by physicists, mathematicians,computer and social scientists to analyse, interpret and visualize complex datasets.There is overwhelming evidence that the currentorganisation of our economies and societies is seriously damaging biologicalecosystems and human living conditions in the short term, with potentiallycatastrophic effects in the long term. The need to re-organise the dailyactivities with the greatest impact – energy consumption, transport, housing –towards a more efficient and sustainable development model has recently beenraised in the public debate on several global, environmental issues. Above all,this requires the mismatch between global, societal and individual needs to beaddressed. Recent advancesin Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)can trigger important transitions at the individual and collective level toachieve this aim.Based on the findings of the collaborative researchnetwork EveryAware the following developments among the emerging ICTtechnologies are discussed in depth in this volume:• Participatory sensing – where ICT development ispushed to the level where it can supportinformed action at the hyperlocal scale, providing capabilities forenvironmental monitoring, data aggregation and mining, as well as informationpresentation and sharing.• Web gaming, social computing and internet-mediatedcollaboration – where the Web will continue to acquire the status of aninfrastructure for social computing, allowing users’ cognitive abilities to becoordinated in online communities, and steering the collective action towardspredefined goals.• Collective awareness and decision-making – where theaccess to both personal and community data, collected by users, processed withsuitable analysis tools, and re-presented in an appropriate format by usablecommunication interfaces leads to a bottom-up development of collective socialstrategies.

By using various data inputs, ubiquitous computing systems detect their current usage context, automatically adapt their services to the user’s situational needs and interact with other services or resources in their environment on an ad-hoc basis.Designing such self-adaptive, context-aware knowledge processing systems is, in itself, a formidable challenge. This book presents core findings from the VENUS project at the Interdisciplinary Research Center for Information System Design (ITeG) at Kassel University, where researchers from different fields, such as computer science, information systems, human-computer interaction and law, together seek to find general principles and guidelines for the design of socially aware ubiquitous computing systems. To this end, system usability, user trust in the technology and adherence to privacy laws and regulations were treated as particularly important criteria in the context of socio-technical system design.During the project, a comprehensive blueprint for systematic, interdisciplinary software development was developed, covering the particular functional and non-functional design aspects of ubiquitous computing at the interface between technology and human beings. The organization of the book reflects the structure of the VENUS work program. After an introductory part I, part II provides the groundwork for VENUS by presenting foundational results from all four disciplines involved. Subsequently, part III focuses on methodological research funneling the development activities into a common framework. Part IV then covers the design of the demonstrators that were built in order to develop and evaluate the VENUS method. Finally, part V is dedicated to the evaluation phase to assess the user acceptance of the new approach and applications.The presented findings are especially important for researchers in computer science, information systems, and human-computer interaction, but alsofor everyone working on the acceptance of new technologies in society in general.

This book introduces and reviews recent advances inthe field in a comprehensive and non-technical way by focusing on the potentialof emerging citizen-science and social-computation frameworks, coupled with thelatest theoretical and modeling tools developed by physicists, mathematicians,computer and social scientists to analyse, interpret and visualize complex datasets.There is overwhelming evidence that the currentorganisation of our economies and societies is seriously damaging biologicalecosystems and human living conditions in the short term, with potentiallycatastrophic effects in the long term. The need to re-organise the dailyactivities with the greatest impact – energy consumption, transport, housing –towards a more efficient and sustainable development model has recently beenraised in the public debate on several global, environmental issues. Above all,this requires the mismatch between global, societal and individual needs to beaddressed. Recent advancesin Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)can trigger important transitions at the individual and collective level toachieve this aim.Based on the findings of the collaborative researchnetwork EveryAware the following developments among the emerging ICTtechnologies are discussed in depth in this volume:• Participatory sensing – where ICT development ispushed to the level where it can supportinformed action at the hyperlocal scale, providing capabilities forenvironmental monitoring, data aggregation and mining, as well as informationpresentation and sharing.• Web gaming, social computing and internet-mediatedcollaboration – where the Web will continue to acquire the status of aninfrastructure for social computing, allowing users’ cognitive abilities to becoordinated in online communities, and steering the collective action towardspredefined goals.• Collective awareness and decision-making – where theaccess to both personal and community data, collected by users, processed withsuitable analysis tools, and re-presented in an appropriate format by usablecommunication interfaces leads to a bottom-up development of collective socialstrategies.

In the last years, research on Web mining has reached maturity and has broadened in scope. Two different but interrelated research threads have emerged, based on the dual nature of the Web: – The Web is a practically in?nite collection of documents: The acquisition and - ploitation of information from these documents asks for intelligent techniques for information categorization, extraction and search, as well as for adaptivity to the interests and background of the organization or person that looks for information. – The Web is a venue for doing business electronically: It is a venue for interaction, information acquisition and service exploitation used by public authorities, n- governmental organizations, communities of interest and private persons. When observed as a venue for the achievement of business goals, a Web presence should be aligned to the objectives of its owner and the requirements of its users. This raises the demand for understandingWeb usage, combining it with other sources of knowledge inside an organization, and deriving lines of action. ThebirthoftheSemanticWebatthebeginningofthedecadeledtoacoercionofthetwo threadsintwoaspects:(i)theextractionofsemanticsfromtheWebtobuildtheSemantic Web;and(ii)theexploitationofthesesemanticstobettersupportinformationacquisition and to enhance the interaction for business and non-business purposes. Semantic Web mining encompasses both aspects from the viewpoint of knowledge discovery.

The 13th International Conference on Conceptual Structures (ICCS 2005) was held in Kassel, Germany, during July 17-22, 2005. Information about the c- ference can be found athttp://www.kde.cs.uni-kassel.de/conf/iccs05. The title of this year's conference, "Common Semantics for Sharing Kno- edge",waschosentoemphasizeontheonehandtheoverallaimofanyknowledge representationformalism, to support the sharing of knowledge, and on the other hand the importance of a common semantics to avoiddistortion of the meaning. We understand that both aspects are of equal importance for a successful future of the researcharea of conceptual structures. We are thus happy that the papers presentedatICCS2005addressedbothapplicationsandtheoreticalfoundations. "Sharing knowledge" can also be understood in a separate sense. Thanks to the German Research Foundation, DFG, we were able to invite nine inter- tionally renowned researchers from adjacent research areas. We had stimulating presentationsandlively discussions,with bidirectionalknowledgesharing.Ev- tually the ground can be laid for establishing common semantics between the respective theories.This year, 66 papers were submitted, from which 22 were selected to be included in this volume. In addition, the ?rst nine papers present the invited talks.Wewishtoexpressourappreciationtoalltheauthorsofsubmittedpapers, to the members of the Editorial Board and the Program Committee, and to the external reviewers for making ICCS 2005 a valuable contribution to the knowledge processing research ?eld.

Formal concept analysis has been developed as a field of applied mathematics based on the mathematization of concept and concept hierarchy. It thereby allows us to mathematically represent, analyze, and construct conceptual structures. The formal concept analysis approach has been proven successful in a wide range of application fields.This book constitutes a comprehensive and systematic presentation of the state of the art of formal concept analysis and its applications. The first part of the book is devoted to foundational and methodological topics. The contributions in the second part demonstrate how formal concept analysis is successfully used outside of mathematics, in linguistics, text retrieval, association rule mining, data analysis, and economics. The third part presents applications in software engineering.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Conceptual Structures, ICCS 2001, held in Stanford, CA, USA in July/August 2001. The 26 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the proceedings. The book offers topical sections on language and knowledge structures, logical and mathematical foundations of conceptual structures, conceptual structures for data and knowledge bases, conceptual structures and meta-data, and algorithms and systems.

Finding knowledge – or meaning – in data is the goal of every knowledge d- covery e?ort. Subsequent goals and questions regarding this knowledge di?er amongknowledgediscovery(KD) projectsandapproaches. Onecentralquestion is whether and to what extent the meaning extracted from the data is expressed in a formal way that allows not only humans but also machines to understand and re-use it, i. e. , whether the semantics are formal semantics. Conversely, the input to KD processes di?ers between KD projects and approaches. One central questioniswhetherthebackgroundknowledge,businessunderstanding,etc. that the analyst employs to improve the results of KD is a set of natural-language statements, a theory in a formal language, or somewhere in between. Also, the data that are being mined can be more or less structured and/or accompanied by formal semantics. These questions must be asked in every KD e?ort. Nowhere may they be more pertinent, however, than in KD from Web data (“Web mining”). Thisis due especially to the vast amounts and heterogeneity of data and ba- ground knowledge available for Web mining (content, link structure, and - age), and to the re-use of background knowledge and KD results over the Web as a global knowledge repository and activity space. In addition, the (Sem- tic) Web can serve as a publishing space for the results of knowledge discovery from other resources, especially if the whole process is underpinned by common ontologies.

Dieses Buch stellt Methoden der Begrifflichen Wissensverarbeitung vor und präsentiert Anwendungen aus unterschiedlichen Praxisfeldern. Im Methodenteil wird in moderne Techniken der Begrifflichen Datenanalyse und Wissensverarbeitung eingeführt. Hierbei werden die mathematischen Grundlagen abgehandelt und durch zahlreiche Beispiele anschaulich gemacht. Der zweite Teil des Buches richtet sich verstärkt an potentielle Anwender. An ausgewählten Anwendungen wird die Vorgehensweise bei der Datenanalyse und dem Information Retrieval mit den Methoden der Begrifflichen Wissensverarbeitung vorgestellt und ihr Potential aufgezeigt.

There is generalagreementthat the quality of Machine Learning and Kno- edgeDiscoveryoutputstronglydependsnotonlyonthequalityofsourcedata andsophisticationoflearningalgorithms,butalsoonadditional,task/domain speci?c input provided by domain experts for the particular session. There is however less agreement on whether, when and how such input can and should e?ectively be formalized and reused as explicit prior knowledge. In the ?rst ofthe two parts into which the book is divided, we aimed to - vestigate current developments and new insights on learning techniques that exploit prior knowledge and on promising application areas. With respect to application areas, experiments on bio-informatics / medical and Web data environments are described. This part comprises a selection of extended c- tributionstothe workshopPrior Conceptual Knowledge inMachine Learning and Knowledge Discovery (PriCKL), held at ECML/PKDD 2007 18th - ropean Conference on Machine Learning and 11th European Conference on PrinciplesandPracticeofKnowledgeDiscoveryinDatabases).Theworkshop is part of the activities of the "SEVENPRO - Semantic Virtual Engineering for Product Design" project of the European 6th Framework Programme.The second part of the book has been motivated by the speci?cation of Web 2.0. We observe Web 2.0 as a powerful means of promoting the Web as a social medium, stimulating interpersonal communication and fostering the sharing of content, information, semantics and knowledge among people. Chapters are authored by participants to the workshop Web Mining 2.0, heldatECML/PKDD2007.Theworkshophostedresearchontheroleofweb mininginandfortheWeb2.0.Itispartoftheactivitiesoftheworkinggroups "UbiquitousData-InteractionandDataCollection"and"HumanComputer Interaction and Cognitive Modelling" of the Coordination Action "KDubiq - Knowledge Discovery in Ubiquitous Environments" of the European 6th Framework Programme.

Die neue Generation des Internets („Web 2.0“ oder „Social Web“) zeichnet sich durch eine sehr freizügige Informationsbereitstellung durch seine Nutzer aus. Vor diesem Hintergrund haben Informatiker und Juristen in enger Interaktion die Chancen und Risiken der neuen Web 2.0-Technologien erkundet und gestaltet. Nach Bestandsaufnahme werden die technischen und rechtlichen Chancen und Risiken bezogen auf typisierte Aufgaben analysiert. Generische Konzepte für die datenschutzgerechte Gestaltung einer Anwendung wie Identitätsmanagement, Vermeidung von Personenbezug, Profilbildung und Verantwortlichkeiten werden erarbeitet. Parallel dazu werden Algorithmen und Verfahren für diese Konzepte vorgestellt: Recommender-Systeme für kooperative Verschlagwortungssysteme sowie Spam-Entdeckungsverfahren für solche Systeme. Sie werden anhand realer Daten evaluiert. Alle Ergebnisse werden anhand des Social Bookmarking-Systems BibSonomy erläutert. Schließlich wird diskutiert, inwieweit Dogmatik und Auslegung des Datenschutzrechts wegen der neuen Problemlagen des Web 2.0 verändert werden müssen und eventuell gesetzgeberische Aktivitäten erforderlich oder ratsam sind.