Jacek Blazewicz – författare

This handbook provides a comprehensive introduction to the theory and applications of scheduling in advanced planning and computer systems. It addresses a broad audience including practitioners and researchers interested in scheduling, as well as graduate and advanced undergraduate students in the fields of computer science and computer engineering, operations research, industrial and real-time engineering, management science, business administration and information systems, and applied mathematics.The book begins by providing an introduction to and basic concepts from discrete mathematics. Single and multiple processor systems are covered, with a focus on multiprocessor tasks and hard real-time systems. Flow shop and open shop scheduling, as well as scheduling in job shops, are explained in detail. Issues like limited processor availability, time-dependence, resource constraints and imprecise computations are dealt with in dedicated chapters. Special attention is given toonline scheduling, constraint programming and disjunctive scheduling. The book also features applications and cases involving flexible manufacturing systems, computer integrated production scheduling and logistics. In particular it presents case studies on optimization procedures for the production of acrylic glass and of helicopter parts in a flexible manufacturing system, an efficient decision support system for airport gate scheduling, concrete delivery planning, and berth and quay crane allocation at seaports.

This book is the sixth of a running series of volumes dedicated to selected topics of information theory and practice. The objective of the series is to pro­ vide a reference source for problem solvers in business, industry, government, and professional researchers and gradute students. The first volume, Handbook on Architecture of Information Systems, presents a balanced number of contributions from academia and practition­ ers. The structure of the material follows a differentiation between model­ ing languages, tools and methodologies. The second volume, Handbook on Electronic Commerce, examines electronic commerce storefront, on-line busi­ ness, consumer interface, business-to-business networking, digital payment, legal issues, information product development and electronic business mod­ els. The third volume, Handbook on Parallel and Distributed Processing, presents basic concepts, methods, and recent developments in the field of parallel and distributed processing as well as some important aplications of parallel and distributed computing. In particular, the book examines such fundamental issues in the above area as languages for parallel processing, parallel operating systems, architecture of parallel and distributed systems, parallel database and multimedia systems, networking aspects of parallel and distributed systems, efficiency of parallel algorithms. The fourth volume on Information Technologies for Education and Training is· devoted to a pre­ sentation of current and future research and applications in the field of ed­ ucational technology. The fifth double volume on Knowledge Management contains an extensive, fundamental coverage of the knowledge management field.

This handbook is in a sense a continuation of Scheduling Computer and Manu­ facturing Processes [1], two editions of which have received kind acceptance of a wide readership. As the previous volume, it is the result of a long lasting Ger­ man-Polish collaboration. However, due to important reasons, it has a new form. Namely, following the suggestions of the Publisher, we decided to prepare a handbook filling out a gap on the market in the area. The gap concerns a unified approach to the most important scheduling models and methods with the special emphasis put on their relevance to practical situations. Thus, in comparison with [1], the contents has been changed significantly. This concerns not only correc­ tions we have introduced, following the suggestions made by many readers (we are very grateful to all of them) and taking into account our own experience, but first of all this means that important new material has been added. It is character­ ized in Chapter 1, and, generally speaking, covers a transition from theory to ap­ plications in a wide spectrum of scheduling problems, hidependently of this, in all chapters new results have been reported and new illustrative material, includ­ ing real-world problems, has been given. We very much hope that in this way the handbook will be of interest to a much wider readership than the former volume, the fact which has been under­ lined in the title.

Let us first describe the purpose of this book, starting with the explanation of its title. In general, scheduling problems can be understood very broadly as the problems of allocating resources over time to perform a set of tasks being parts of some processes, among which computational and manufacturing ones are most important. Tasks individually compete for resources which can be of a very different nature, e.g. manpower, money, processors (machines), energy, tools. The same is true for task characteristics, e.g. ready times, due dates, relative ur­ gency weights, functions describing task processing in relation to allotted re­ sources. Moreover, a structure of a set of tasks, reflecting precedence constraints among them, can be defined in different ways. In addition, different criteria which measure the quality of the performance of a set of tasks can be taken into account. It is easy to imagine that scheduling problems understood so generally ap­ pear almost everywhere in real-world situations. Of course, there are many as­ pects concerning approaches for modeling and solving these problems which are of general methodological importance. On the other hand, however, some classes of scheduling problems have their own specificity which should be taken into ac­ count. Since it is rather impossible to treat all these classes with the same atten­ tion in a framework of one book, some constraints must be put on the subject area considered. In the case of this book these constraints are as follows.

This book is the sixth of a running series of volumes dedicated to selected topics of information theory and practice. The objective of the series is to pro­ vide a reference source for problem solvers in business, industry, government, and professional researchers and gradute students. The first volume, Handbook on Architecture of Information Systems, presents a balanced number of contributions from academia and practition­ ers. The structure of the material follows a differentiation between model­ ing languages, tools and methodologies. The second volume, Handbook on Electronic Commerce, examines electronic commerce storefront, on-line busi­ ness, consumer interface, business-to-business networking, digital payment, legal issues, information product development and electronic business mod­ els. The third volume, Handbook on Parallel and Distributed Processing, presents basic concepts, methods, and recent developments in the field of parallel and distributed processing as well as some important aplications of parallel and distributed computing. In particular, the book examines such fundamental issues in the above area as languages for parallel processing, parallel operating systems, architecture of parallel and distributed systems, parallel database and multimedia systems, networking aspects of parallel and distributed systems, efficiency of parallel algorithms. The fourth volume on Information Technologies for Education and Training is· devoted to a pre­ sentation of current and future research and applications in the field of ed­ ucational technology. The fifth double volume on Knowledge Management contains an extensive, fundamental coverage of the knowledge management field.

In this volume authors of academia and practice provide practitioners, scientists and graduate students with a good overview of basic methods and paradigms, as well as important issues and trends across the broad spectrum of parallel and distributed processing. In particular, the book covers fundamental topics such as efficient parallel algorithms, languages for parallel processing, parallel operating systems, architecture of parallel and distributed systems, management of resources, tools for parallel computing, parallel database systems and multimedia object servers, and networking aspects of distributed and parallel computing. Three chapters are dedicated to applications: parallel and distributed scientific computing, high-performance computing in molecular sciences, and multimedia applications for parallel and distributed systems. Summing up, the Handbook is indispensable for academics and professionals who are interested in learning the leading expert`s view of the topic.

Let us first describe the purpose of this book, starting with the explanation of its title. In general, scheduling problems can be understood very broadly as the problems of allocating resources over time to perform a set of tasks being parts of some processes, among which computational and manufacturing ones are most important. Tasks individually compete for resources which can be of a very different nature, e.g. manpower, money, processors (machines), energy, tools. The same is true for task characteristics, e.g. ready times, due dates, relative ur­ gency weights, functions describing task processing in relation to allotted re­ sources. Moreover, a structure of a set of tasks, reflecting precedence constraints among them, can be defined in different ways. In addition, different criteria which measure the quality of the performance of a set of tasks can be taken into account. It is easy to imagine that scheduling problems understood so generally ap­ pear almost everywhere in real-world situations. Of course, there are many as­ pects concerning approaches for modeling and solving these problems which are of general methodological importance. On the other hand, however, some classes of scheduling problems have their own specificity which should be taken into ac­ count. Since it is rather impossible to treat all these classes with the same atten­ tion in a framework of one book, some constraints must be put on the subject area considered. In the case of this book these constraints are as follows.

In this volume authors of academia and practice provide practitioners, scientists and graduate students with a good overview of basic methods and paradigms, as well as important issues and trends across the broad spectrum of parallel and distributed processing. In particular, the book covers fundamental topics such as efficient parallel algorithms, languages for parallel processing, parallel operating systems, architecture of parallel and distributed systems, management of resources, tools for parallel computing, parallel database systems and multimedia object servers, and networking aspects of distributed and parallel computing. Three chapters are dedicated to applications: parallel and distributed scientific computing, high-performance computing in molecular sciences, and multimedia applications for parallel and distributed systems. Summing up, the Handbook is indispensable for academics and professionals who are interested in learning the leading expert`s view of the topic.

This book is the sixth of a running series of volumes dedicated to selected topics of information theory and practice. The objective of the series is to pro­ vide a reference source for problem solvers in business, industry, government, and professional researchers and gradute students. The first volume, Handbook on Architecture of Information Systems, presents a balanced number of contributions from academia and practition­ ers. The structure of the material follows a differentiation between model­ ing languages, tools and methodologies. The second volume, Handbook on Electronic Commerce, examines electronic commerce storefront, on-line busi­ ness, consumer interface, business-to-business networking, digital payment, legal issues, information product development and electronic business mod­ els. The third volume, Handbook on Parallel and Distributed Processing, presents basic concepts, methods, and recent developments in the field of parallel and distributed processing as well as some important aplications of parallel and distributed computing. In particular, the book examines such fundamental issues in the above area as languages for parallel processing, parallel operating systems, architecture of parallel and distributed systems, parallel database and multimedia systems, networking aspects of parallel and distributed systems, efficiency of parallel algorithms. The fourth volume on Information Technologies for Education and Training is· devoted to a pre­ sentation of current and future research and applications in the field of ed­ ucational technology. The fifth double volume on Knowledge Management contains an extensive, fundamental coverage of the knowledge management field.

Let us start with the description of the purpose of this book. First we should explain how we understand its tide. In general, scheduling problems can be understood very broadly as the problems of the allocation of resources over time to perform a set of tasks. By resources we understand arbitrary means tasks compete for. They can be of a very different nature, e.g. manpower, money, processors (machines), energy, tools. Also tasks can have a variety of interpretations starting from machining parts in manu­ facturing systems up to processing information in computer systems. The same is true for task characteristics, e. g. ready times, due dates, relative urgency weights, functions describing task processing in relation to allotted resources. Moreover, a structure of a set of tasks, reflecting precedence constraints among them, can be defined in different ways. In addition, different criteria which measure the quality of the performance of a set of tasks can be taken into account.

Let us start with the description of the purpose of this book. First we should explain how we understand its tide. In general, scheduling problems can be understood very broadly as the problems of the allocation of resources over time to perform a set of tasks. By resources we understand arbitrary means tasks compete for. They can be of a very different nature, e.g. manpower, money, processors (machines), energy, tools. Also tasks can have a variety of interpretations starting from machining parts in manu­ facturing systems up to processing information in computer systems. The same is true for task characteristics, e. g. ready times, due dates, relative urgency weights, functions describing task processing in relation to allotted resources. Moreover, a structure of a set of tasks, reflecting precedence constraints among them, can be defined in different ways. In addition, different criteria which measure the quality of the performance of a set of tasks can be taken into account.

This book is a continuation of Scheduling in Computer and Manufacturing Sys­ tems 1, two editions of which have received kind acceptance of a wide readership. As the previous position, it is the result of a collaborative German-Polish project which has been partially supported by Committee for Scientific Research 2 and DFG. We appreciate this help. We decided to treat this work as a new book rather than the third edition of the previous one due to two important reasons. First of all, the contents has been changed significantly. This concerns not only corrections we have introduced following the suggestions made by many readers (we are very grateful to all of them!) and taking into account our own experience, but first of all this means that important new material has been added. In particular, in the introductory part the ideas of new local search heuristics, i. e. generally applicable global optimization strategies with a simple capability of learning (ejection chains, genetic algo­ rithms) have been presented. In the framework of parallel processor scheduling, topics of imprecise computations and lot size scheduling have been studied. Further on flow shop and job shop scheduling problems have been studied much more extensively, both from the viewpoint of exact algorithms as well as heuris­ tics.

In this volume authors of academia and practice provide practitioners, scientists and graduate students with a good overview of basic methods and paradigms, as well as important issues and trends across the broad spectrum of parallel and distributed processing. In particular, the book covers fundamental topics such as efficient parallel algorithms, languages for parallel processing, parallel operating systems, architecture of parallel and distributed systems, management of resources, tools for parallel computing, parallel database systems and multimedia object servers, and networking aspects of distributed and parallel computing. Three chapters are dedicated to applications: parallel and distributed scientific computing, high-performance computing in molecular sciences, and multimedia applications for parallel and distributed systems. Summing up, the Handbook is indispensable for academics and professionals who are interested in learning the leading expert`s view of the topic.

Let us first describe the purpose of this book, starting with the explanation of its title. In general, scheduling problems can be understood very broadly as the problems of allocating resources over time to perform a set of tasks being parts of some processes, among which computational and manufacturing ones are most important. Tasks individually compete for resources which can be of a very different nature, e.g. manpower, money, processors (machines), energy, tools. The same is true for task characteristics, e.g. ready times, due dates, relative ur­ gency weights, functions describing task processing in relation to allotted re­ sources. Moreover, a structure of a set of tasks, reflecting precedence constraints among them, can be defined in different ways. In addition, different criteria which measure the quality of the performance of a set of tasks can be taken into account. It is easy to imagine that scheduling problems understood so generally ap­ pear almost everywhere in real-world situations. Of course, there are many as­ pects concerning approaches for modeling and solving these problems which are of general methodological importance. On the other hand, however, some classes of scheduling problems have their own specificity which should be taken into ac­ count. Since it is rather impossible to treat all these classes with the same atten­ tion in a framework of one book, some constraints must be put on the subject area considered. In the case of this book these constraints are as follows.