Mirko Farina - Böcker

This book offers a collective study of issues to do with experts and expertise, a topic of tremendous contemporary significance. The perspectives are philosophical but draw on relevant work from the sciences and social sciences. In addition, in keeping with other volumes in Oxford University Press's Engaging Philosophy series, many of the papers in the volume have an applied dimension, in that they examine the issues in practical settings. The questions discussed include the following: What is an expert? Who decides who the experts are? Should we always defer to experts? How should expertise inform public policy? What happens when the experts disagree? Must experts be unbiased? Should all experts be treated the same, or does it matter what the source of the expertise is? How should the testimony of experts be reported by the media? The chapters in the volume are organized into six sections: expertise and trust; situated and group expertise; expertise and public policy; expertise and virtue; expertise about value; and new directions. This volume will be of interest to scholars in such fields as philosophy, sociology, political theory, psychology, cognitive science, and bioethics. It will also be of relevance to policy-makers interested in the role that expertise plays in public policy.

The last decade has seen exponential growth in the development of digital technologies. This has led to significant shifts in the political arena as well as in the economy, precipitating a series of revolutionary changes in the fabric of our societies, which have had far-reaching consequences and effects on the way we relate and connect to each other. Digital Transformation in Artificial Systems: Engineering Requirements and Political, Economic, and Philosophical Challenges focuses on analyzing the engineering requirements as well as the political consequences, overarching the philosophical and ethical implications of this transformation, especially in relation to its application in artificial systems. In this context, the concept of digital transformation (understood as the practice of redefining models, functions, operations, processes, and activities by leveraging technological advancements to build efficient digital environments) has become increasingly important. This book brings together key concepts, ideas, and frameworks related to this idea. It promotes an inclusive and responsible digital transformation capable of addressing the constraints on the global digital divide, deepening cooperation in digitization, industrialization, and innovation, while furthering our understanding of the ethical and moral challenges associated with such a development. The distinctive and most original element of the book is its interdisciplinarity. It will allow readers to gather crucial insights that will be instrumental to better understand the reach of the forthcoming AI revolution, its multidimensionality, and its potential impact on people and society.Provides a thorough exploration of digital transformation within artificial systems, covering key concepts, methodologies, and emerging trendsShows practical insights into implementing digital transformation strategies in artificial systems, with real-world examples and case studies illustrating successful applicationsCaters to a broad audience, including professionals, researchers, and students interested in understanding and implementing digital transformation in artificial systems

This volume offers a new framework for understanding expertise. It proposes a reconceptualization of the traditional notion of expertise and calls for the development of a new contextual and action-oriented notion of expertise, which is attentive to axiological values, intellectual virtues, and moral qualities.Experts are usually called upon, especially during times of emergency, either as decision-makers or as advisors in formulating policies that often have a significant impact on society. And yet, for certain types of choices, there is a growing tension between experts’ recommendations and alternative views. The chapters in this volume critically assess the idea of whether possessing epistemic authority can automatically make someone’s assertions necessarily more grounded than others. They not only evaluate the epistemological implications of this idea but also reflect on its ethical, socio-cultural, and political consequences. The interdisciplinary framework advanced across the chapters seeks to overcome certain limitations that underlie current models of expertise by adopting more inclusive and representative decisions that can improve the perceived neutrality of experts’ decisions. Increasing neutrality means reducing cases in which an unidentified bias – be it a scientific one or not – puts any of the individuals involved in a specific public choice at a systematic disadvantage.Philosophy, Expertise, and the Myth of Neutrality will appeal to scholars and advanced students working in epistemology, philosophy of science, philosophy of the social sciences, public policy, and sociology.

This volume offers a new framework for understanding expertise. It proposes a reconceptualization of the traditional notion of expertise and calls for the development of a new contextual and action-oriented notion of expertise, which is attentive to axiological values, intellectual virtues, and moral qualities.Experts are usually called upon, especially during times of emergency, either as decision-makers or as advisors in formulating policies that often have a significant impact on society. And yet, for certain types of choices, there is a growing tension between experts’ recommendations and alternative views. The chapters in this volume critically assess the idea of whether possessing epistemic authority can automatically make someone’s assertions necessarily more grounded than others. They not only evaluate the epistemological implications of this idea but also reflect on its ethical, socio-cultural, and political consequences. The interdisciplinary framework advanced across the chapters seeks to overcome certain limitations that underlie current models of expertise by adopting more inclusive and representative decisions that can improve the perceived neutrality of experts’ decisions. Increasing neutrality means reducing cases in which an unidentified bias – be it a scientific one or not – puts any of the individuals involved in a specific public choice at a systematic disadvantage.Philosophy, Expertise, and the Myth of Neutrality will appeal to scholars and advanced students working in epistemology, philosophy of science, philosophy of the social sciences, public policy, and sociology.