Volker Weiß – författare

The Sagamore Army Materials Research Conferences have been held in the beautiful Adirondack Mountains of New York State since 1954. Organized and conducted by the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center (Watertown, Massachusetts) in cooperation with Syracuse University, the Conferences have focused on key issues in Materials Science and Engineering that impact directly on current or future Army problem areas. A select group of speakers and attendees are assembled from academia, industry, and other parts of the Department of Defense and Government to provide an optimum forum for a full dialogue on the selected topic. This book is a collection of the full manuscripts of the formal presentations given at the Conference. The emergence and use of nontraditional materials and the excessive failures and reject rates of high technology, materials intensive engineering systems necessitates a new approach to quality control. Thus, the theme of this year's Thirty-First Conference, "Materials Characterization for Systems Performance and Reliability," was selected to focus on the need and mechanisms to transition from defect interrogation of materials after production to utilization of materials characterization during manufacturing. The guidance and help of the steering committee and the dedicated and conscientious efforts of Ms. Karen Ka100stian, Con­ ference Coordinator, and Mr. William K. Wilson, and Ms. Mary Ann Holmquist are gratefully acknowledged. The continued active interest and support of Dr. Edward S. Wright, Director, AMMRC; Dr. Robert W. Lewis, Associate Director, AMMRC; and COL L. C. Ross, Commander/ Deputy Director, AMMRC; are greatly appreciated.

The Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center in cooperation with the Office of Sponsored Programs of Syracuse University has been conducting the Annual Sagamore Army Materials Research Conferences since 1954. The specific purpose of these conferences has been to bring together scientists and engineers from academic institutions, industry and government to explore in depth a subject of importance to the Department of Defense, the Army, and the scientific community. This 30th Sagamore Conference, entitled Innovations in Materials Processing, has attempted to focus on the inter­ disciplinary nature of materials processing, looking at recent advancements in the development of unit processes from a range of standpoints from the understanding and control of the under­ lying mechanisms through their application as part of a manufactur­ ing sequence. In between, the classic link between processing and materials properties is firmly established. A broad range of materials are treated in this manner: metals, ceramics, plastics, and composites. The interdisciplinary nature of materials processing exists through its involvement with the basic sciences, with, process and product design, with process control, and ultimately with manufacturing engineering. Materials processing is interdisciplinary in another sense, through its application within all materials disciplines. The industrial community (and the Army as its customer) is becoming increasingly concerned with producibility/reliability/ affordability issues in advanced product development. These concerns will be adequately addressed only by employing the full range of disciplines encompassed within the field of materials processing.

The Sagamore Army Materials Research Conferences have been held in the beautiful Adirondack Mountains of New York State since 1954. Organized and conducted by the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center (Watertown, Massachusetts) in cooperation with Syracuse University, the Conferences have focused on key issues in Materials Science and Engineering that impact directly on current or future Army problem areas. A select group of speakers and attendees are assembled from academia, industry, and other parts of the Department of Defense and Government to provide an optimum forum for a full dialogue on the selected topic. This book is a collection of the full manuscripts of the formal presentations given at the Conference. The emergence and use of nontraditional materials and the excessive failures and reject rates of high technology, materials intensive engineering systems necessitates a new approach to quality control. Thus, the theme of this year''s Thirty-First Conference, "Materials Characterization for Systems Performance and Reliability," was selected to focus on the need and mechanisms to transition from defect interrogation of materials after production to utilization of materials characterization during manufacturing. The guidance and help of the steering committee and the dedicated and conscientious efforts of Ms. Karen Ka100stian, Con­ ference Coordinator, and Mr. William K. Wilson, and Ms. Mary Ann Holmquist are gratefully acknowledged. The continued active interest and support of Dr. Edward S. Wright, Director, AMMRC; Dr. Robert W. Lewis, Associate Director, AMMRC; and COL L. C. Ross, Commander/ Deputy Director, AMMRC; are greatly appreciated.

The Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center in cooperation with the Office of Sponsored Programs of Syracuse University has been conducting the Annual Sagamore Army Materials Research Conferences since 1954. The specific purpose of these conferences has been to bring together scientists and engineers from academic institutions, industry and government to explore in depth a subject of importance to the Department of Defense, the Army, and the scientific community. This 30th Sagamore Conference, entitled Innovations in Materials Processing, has attempted to focus on the inter­ disciplinary nature of materials processing, looking at recent advancements in the development of unit processes from a range of standpoints from the understanding and control of the under­ lying mechanisms through their application as part of a manufactur­ ing sequence. In between, the classic link between processing and materials properties is firmly established. A broad range of materials are treated in this manner: metals, ceramics, plastics, and composites. The interdisciplinary nature of materials processing exists through its involvement with the basic sciences, with, process and product design, with process control, and ultimately with manufacturing engineering. Materials processing is interdisciplinary in another sense, through its application within all materials disciplines. The industrial community (and the Army as its customer) is becoming increasingly concerned with producibility/reliability/ affordability issues in advanced product development. These concerns will be adequately addressed only by employing the full range of disciplines encompassed within the field of materials processing.

The Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center of Water­ town, Massachusetts in cooperation with the Materials Science Group of the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science of Syracuse University has conducted the Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference since 1954. The main purpose of these conferences has been to gather together over 150 scientists and engineers from academic institutions, industry and government who are uniquely qualified to explore in depth a subject of importance to the Department of Defense, the Army and the scientific community. This volume NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF MATERIALS, addresses the areas of x-ray, ultrasonics and other methods of nondestructive testing. We wish to acknowledge the dedicated assistance of Joseph M. Bernier of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center and Helen Brown DeMascio of Syracuse University throughout the stages of the conference planning and finally the publication of this book. Their help is deeply appreciated. Syracuse University Syracuse, New York The Editors Contents SESSION I X-RAY S. Heissman, Moderator H. K. Herglotz, Moderator 1. Overview of X-Ray Diffraction Methods for Nondestructive Testing • • • • • • • ••• 1 L. V. Azaroff 2. Detection of Fatigue Damage by X-Rays 21 S. Taira and K. Kamachi 3. A Historical Example of Fatigue Damage • • • • • • • 55 H. K. Herglotz 4. The Application of X-Ray Topography to Materials Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 S. Weissman 5.

The Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center of Water­ town, Massachusetts in cooperation with the Materials Science Group of the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science of Syracuse University has conducted the Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference since 1954. The main purpose of these conferences has been to gather together over 150 scientists and engineers from academic institutions, industry and government who are uniquely qualified to explore in depth a subject of importance to the Department of Defense, the Army and the scientific community. This volume NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF MATERIALS, addresses the areas of x-ray, ultrasonics and other methods of nondestructive testing. We wish to acknowledge the dedicated assistance of Joseph M. Bernier of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center and Helen Brown DeMascio of Syracuse University throughout the stages of the conference planning and finally the publication of this book. Their help is deeply appreciated. Syracuse University Syracuse, New York The Editors Contents SESSION I X-RAY S. Heissman, Moderator H. K. Herglotz, Moderator 1. Overview of X-Ray Diffraction Methods for Nondestructive Testing • • • • • • • ••• 1 L. V. Azaroff 2. Detection of Fatigue Damage by X-Rays 21 S. Taira and K. Kamachi 3. A Historical Example of Fatigue Damage • • • • • • • 55 H. K. Herglotz 4. The Application of X-Ray Topography to Materials Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 S. Weissman 5.

The Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center in coopera­ tion with the Materials Science Group of the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science of Syracuse University has been conducting the Annual Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference since 1954. The specific purpose of these conferences has been to bring together scientists and engineers from academic institutions, industry, and government who are uniquely qualified to explore in depth a subject of importance to the Department of Defense, the Army, and the scientific community. The proceedings of this conference, entitled MATERIAL BEHAVIOR UNDER HIGH STRESS AND ULTRAHIGH LOADING RATES, will be published in two parts. The topics covered in the present volume include dynamic plasticity, adiabatic shear/localized deformation, and dynamic fracture mechanics. Papers dealing with ordnance applica­ tions, projectile launch environment, and recent work-in-progress will appear as an AMMRC Technical Report and will have more limited distribution in accordance with recent Army guidelines. The Conference Chairmen are particularly grateful to the members of the Program Committee. We wish also to acknowledge the assistance of Mr. Charles Polley of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center, Mr. Robert Sell, Ms. Helen Brown DeMascio, and Ms. Mary Ann Holmquist of Syracuse University throughout the con­ ference planning stages and the publication of the text. The continued active interest in and support of these confer­ ences by Dr. E. Wright and Col. George Sibert, Direct and Deputy Director/Commander, respectively, of the Army Materials and Mechan­ ics Research Center, is appreciated.

The Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center in coopera­ tion with the Materials Science Group of the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science of Syracuse University has been conducting the Annual Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference since 1954. The specific purpose of these conferences has been to bring together scientists and engineers from academic institutions, industry, and government who are uniquely qualified to explore in depth a subject of importance to the Department of Defense, the Army, and the scientific community. The proceedings of this conference, entitled MATERIAL BEHAVIOR UNDER HIGH STRESS AND ULTRAHIGH LOADING RATES, will be published in two parts. The topics covered in the present volume include dynamic plasticity, adiabatic shear/localized deformation, and dynamic fracture mechanics. Papers dealing with ordnance applica­ tions, projectile launch environment, and recent work-in-progress will appear as an AMMRC Technical Report and will have more limited distribution in accordance with recent Army guidelines. The Conference Chairmen are particularly grateful to the members of the Program Committee. We wish also to acknowledge the assistance of Mr. Charles Polley of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center, Mr. Robert Sell, Ms. Helen Brown DeMascio, and Ms. Mary Ann Holmquist of Syracuse University throughout the con­ ference planning stages and the publication of the text. The continued active interest in and support of these confer­ ences by Dr. E. Wright and Col. George Sibert, Direct and Deputy Director/Commander, respectively, of the Army Materials and Mechan­ ics Research Center, is appreciated.

The Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center has con­ ducted the Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference in coop­ eration with the Materials Science Group of the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science of Syracuse University since 1954. The purpose of the conference has been to gather to­ gether scientists and engineers from academic institutions, in­ dustry and government who are uniquely qualified to explore in depth a subject of importance to the Army, the Department of Defense and the scientific community. This volume, Advances in Deformation Processing, addresses the areas of Analytical Advances, Workability, Processing to Optimize Properties, Advanced Applications - Materials, and Advanced Applications - Processes. The dedicated assistance of Mr. Joseph Bernier of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center throughout the stages of the conference planning and finally the publication of the Sagamore Conference Proceedings is deeply appreciated. The support of Helen Brown DeMascio of Syracuse University in p- paring the final manuscript is acknowledged. The continued active interest and support of these conferences by Dr. A. E. Gorum, Director of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center, is appreciated. Syracuse University Syracuse, New York The Editors vii Contents SESSION I INTRODUCTION A. E. Gorum, Moderator Continuum Mechanics and Deformation Processing 1.

The Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center has con­ ducted the Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference in coop­ eration with the Materials Science Group of the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science of Syracuse University since 1954. The purpose of the conference has been to gather to­ gether scientists and engineers from academic institutions, in­ dustry and government who are uniquely qualified to explore in depth a subject of importance to the Army, the Department of Defense and the scientific community. This volume, Advances in Deformation Processing, addresses the areas of Analytical Advances, Workability, Processing to Optimize Properties, Advanced Applications - Materials, and Advanced Applications - Processes. The dedicated assistance of Mr. Joseph Bernier of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center throughout the stages of the conference planning and finally the publication of the Sagamore Conference Proceedings is deeply appreciated. The support of Helen Brown DeMascio of Syracuse University in p- paring the final manuscript is acknowledged. The continued active interest and support of these conferences by Dr. A. E. Gorum, Director of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center, is appreciated. Syracuse University Syracuse, New York The Editors vii Contents SESSION I INTRODUCTION A. E. Gorum, Moderator Continuum Mechanics and Deformation Processing 1.

Syracuse University and the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center of Watertown, Massachusetts have conducted the Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference since 1954. In ce1ebration of the 25th Anniversary of this conference, these proceedings are dedicated to the founding members of the Sagamore Conferences. They are Prof. Dr. George Sachs, Dr. James L. Martin, Colonel Benjamin S. Mesik, Dr. Reinier Beeuwkes, Mr. Norman L. Reed and Dr. J. D. Lubahn. This vo1ume, ADVANCES IN METAL PROCESSING, addresses Rapid Solidification Processing, Powder Processing and Conso1idation, We1ding and Joining, Thermal and. Mechanica1 Processing, Meta1 Removal and Process Mode1ing. The dedicated assistance of Mr. Joseph M. Bernier of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center and He1en Brown DeMascio of Syracuse University throughout the stages of the conference p1anning and fina11y the pub1ication of this book is deep1y appreciated. Syracuse University Syracuse, New York The Editors vii CONTENTS OVERVIEW Materials Processing - A Perspective of the Field 1 M.C. Flemings and R. Mehrabian SESSION I RAPID SOLIDIFICATION PROCESSING B.B.Rath, Moderator Heat Flow Limitations in Rapid Solidification Processing * ...* ...13 R. Mehrabian, S.C. Hsu, C.G. Levi, and S. Kou Laser Processing of Materials ...45 B.H. Kear, E.M. Breinan, and E.R. Thompson Electrohydrodynamic Techniques in Metals 79 Processing ...* . .

The Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center in coop­ eration with the Materials Science Group of the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science of Syracuse University has been conducting the Annual Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference since 1954. The specific purpose of these conferences has been to bring together over 150 scientists and engineers from academic institutions, industry and government who are uniquely qualified to explore in depth a subject of importance to the Department of Defense, the Army and the scientific community. These proceedings, entitled SURFACE TREATMENTS FOR IM­ PROVED PERFORMANCE AND PROPERTIES, address the Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Surfaces, Emerging Surface Modi­ fication Techniques, Surface Structure and Mechanical Proper­ ties, and Relationships between Properties and Processing for Non-metric Materials. We wish to acknowledge the dedicated assistance of JoseDh M. Bernier of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center and Helen Brown DeMascio of Syracuse University throughout the stages of the conference planning and finally the publication of this book. The continued active interest and support of these con­ ferences by Dr. E. Wright, Director of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center, is appreciated. Syracuse University Syracuse, New York The Editors vii CONTENTS SESSION I 1. Surface Modification for Improved Properties. . . . . . .. 3 P. A. Parrish SESSION II PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SURFACES P. Ficalora, Moderator 2. Characterization of Surfaces. 19 H. K. Herglotz 3. Reaction Kinetics 51 J. B. Hudson 4. Surfac e Treatments for Enhanced Bonding Between Inorganic Surfaces and Polymers ........ .

The Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center in coop­ eration with the Materials Science Group of the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science of Syracuse University has been conducting the Annual Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference since 1954. The specific purpose of these conferences has been to bring together over 150 scientists and engineers from academic institutions, industry and government who are uniquely qualified to explore in depth a subject of importance to the Department of Defense, the Army and the scientific community. These proceedings, entitled SURFACE TREATMENTS FOR IM­ PROVED PERFORMANCE AND PROPERTIES, address the Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Surfaces, Emerging Surface Modi­ fication Techniques, Surface Structure and Mechanical Proper­ ties, and Relationships between Properties and Processing for Non-metric Materials. We wish to acknowledge the dedicated assistance of JoseDh M. Bernier of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center and Helen Brown DeMascio of Syracuse University throughout the stages of the conference planning and finally the publication of this book. The continued active interest and support of these con­ ferences by Dr. E. Wright, Director of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center, is appreciated. Syracuse University Syracuse, New York The Editors vii CONTENTS SESSION I 1. Surface Modification for Improved Properties. . . . . . .. 3 P. A. Parrish SESSION II PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SURFACES P. Ficalora, Moderator 2. Characterization of Surfaces. 19 H. K. Herglotz 3. Reaction Kinetics 51 J. B. Hudson 4. Surfac e Treatments for Enhanced Bonding Between Inorganic Surfaces and Polymers ........ .

Der Sammelband untersucht die national unterschiedlichen organisatorischen und ideologischen Traditionen der extremen Rechten, ihre daraus resultierende transnationale Vernetzungsfähigkeit und schließlich deren Grenzen. Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler aus verschiedenen europäischen Ländern, Israel und den USA erstellen so ein Panorama der Bedingungen und Erscheinungsformen rechtsradikaler Politik in West- und Osteuropa heute. Mit der Analyse von Strukturen, Ideologien, Semantiken und Traditionen der extremen Rechten gehen die Beiträge der Frage nach, ob es heute eine faschistische Strömung in der europäischen Politik gibt.Mit Beiträgen von Ulrich Bielefeld, Gilbert Casasus, Detlev Claussen, Claudia Globisch, Roger Griffin, Klaus Holz, Andreas Klärner, Tomas Konicz, Magdalena Marsovsky, Michael Minkenberg, Silke Novak, Zev Sternhell, Agnieszka Pufelska, Andreas Umland, Axel Schildt, Volker Weiß, Michael Werz und Wolfgang Wippermann.

Der Wille zur Geschlechtsumwandlung ist gesellschaftliche Realität. Wer der Überzeugung ist, im falschen Körper geboren zu sein, will das Problem lösen und weiß, wie das geht. Mediziner wie Patienten bewerten das als Fortschritt. Aber woher rührt diese Einigkeit? Wie ist es dazu gekommen, dass Ärzte heute Transsexuellen ihre Hilfe auf dem Weg zum ''richtigen Geschlecht'' anbieten?Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts waren sich Psychiater auf ganz andere Weise einig: der Wunsch, das andere Geschlecht zu sein, wurde als Wahnvorstellung oder Paranoia bewertet. Erst als Wünsche nach einem Geschlechtswechsel ansatzweise realisierbar waren, geriet dieses Konstrukt ins Wanken. Es folgte eine Zeit des medizinischen Experimentierens. Nicht eine eindeutige Diagnose, so die These dieses Buchs, führte zur richtigen Therapie, sondern die Eigendynamik der Therapiemöglichkeiten, die Wünsche der Patienten und die Interessen der Medizin, führten in einem Wechselspiel von Erforschen und Behandeln zur Konstruktion der Diagnose "transsexuell".Zum einen legt Weiß die Wurzeln der intuitiven Selbstdiagnose "Transsexualität" offen, zum anderen rückt er die Suche nach den Ursachen der Transsexualität in den Mittelpunkt der Analyse: Diese Suche nach angeborenen oder frühkindlichen Ursachen stellte eine notwendige Strategie zur Legitimation der medizinischen Geschlechtsumwandlung dar, von Eingriffen, die in einer Gesellschaft als adäquat und fortschrittlich gelten, die nur das Entweder-oder akzeptiert: männlich oder weiblich.

Verfolgung, Diskriminierung und Entrechtung - auch nach dem Ende des Nationalsozialismus prägte dies den Alltag homosexueller Männer. Gleichzeitig suchten sie sich auch schon in der frühen Bundesrepublik dagegen zu wehren. Trotz der übermächtigen Allianz aus Staat und Kirche stritten sie für gesellschaftliche Anerkennung.Das Buch präsentiert neue Studien zum Schicksal Homosexueller nach dem Ende der NS-Zeit, zur Homophilenbewegung der 1950er bis hin zum Generationskonflikt am Ende der 1960er Jahre. Es wirft damit die überraschende Frage auf, ob nicht auch schon zu Beginn der 1950er Jahre eine "Bewegung" existiert hat, die in späteren Jahren wieder erstickt wurde.

Wie hat sich schwule Interessenpolitik seit der Gründung des Wissenschaftlich-humanitären Komitees im Jahr 1897 verändert? Was machte den Organisationsprozess von Homosexuellen zur sozialen Bewegung, und wer waren ihre Akteure? Welche Ziele wurden angestrebt, welcher Mittel bedienten sich die Aktivistinnen und was wurde erreicht? Welche Themen riefen interne Kontroversen hervor? Wie bewerten wir heute die unterschiedlichen Bewegungsformen und Politikentwürfe?Nachdem die ersten vier Bände über die "Geschichte der Homosexuellen im Nachkriegsdeutschland" sich den Berichten von Zeitzeugen widmeten, haben nun die Wissenschaftler das Wort. Dieser Sammelband enthält Beiträge von Joachim Bartholomae & Detlef Grumbach, Claudia Bruns, Jens Dobler, Norman Domeier, Sigmar Fischer, Michael Holy, Georg Klauda, Marita Keilson-Lauritz, Kirsten Plötz, Stefan Micheler, Heike Schader und Volker Woltersdorff.

Den 6 april 1967 gästar Theodor W Adorno Wiens universitet, på inbjudan av Österrikes socialistiska studentförbund, för att hålla föreläsningen Aspekte des neuen Rechtsradikalismus . Mot bakgrund av det nynazistiska partiet NPD:s framgångar efter grundandet 1964 analyserar Adorno den nya högerradikalismen och dess mål, medel och strategier. Han gör jämförelser med äldre nazi-fascism och söker särskilt efter orsakerna till den högerextrema rörelsens popularitet i Västtyskland, bara tjugo år efter krigsslutet. Föreläsningen har aldrig förlorat sin aktualitet och ett halvsekel senare är den möjligen mer angelägen än någonsin. Theodor W Adorno (1903–1969) är en av 1900-talets mest inflytelserika tänkare, vars verk har haft avgörande betydelse inom filosofi och sociologi, men också och kanske än mer banbrytande för den moderna förståelsen av estetik och samhälle. Hans föreläsning från 1967 presenteras nu för första gången i bokform.

Volker Weiss efterord till Den nya högerradikalismen av Theodor W Adorno. Om Den nya högerradikalismen: Den 6 april 1967 gästar Theodor W Adorno Wiens universitet, på inbjudan av Österrikes socialistiska studentförbund, för att hålla föreläsningen Aspekte des neuen Rechtsradikalismus. Mot bakgrund av det nynazistiska partiet NPD:s framgångar efter grundandet 1964 analyserar Adorno den nya högerradikalismen och dess mål, medel och strategier. Han gör jämförelser med äldre nazi-fascism och söker särskilt efter orsakerna till den högerextrema rörelsens popularitet i Västtyskland, bara tjugo år efter krigsslutet. Föreläsningen har aldrig förlorat sin aktualitet och ett halvsekel senare är den möjligen mer angelägen än någonsin.