Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies – förlag

In this collection of scholarly essays, Michael Moser examines the history of the Ukrainian language and takes issue with the verdict of the infamous Russian Valuev Directive of 1863 that Ukrainian is “a language that did not, does not, and cannot exist.” Moser shows that Ukrainian is as deeply rooted in the past as any other Slavic language, has developed on an autochthonous basis, and has been in contact with other languages. Moser demonstrates that the elaboration of Modern Standard Ukrainian was the result of complex efforts of codification carried out under specific historical circumstances. Finally, he examines specific problems of the history of the Ukrainian language in Galicia, Transcarpathia, and North America and discusses the impact of language policy on the more recent history of the Ukrainian language.

The book explores historical legacy, cultural relations, economic ties, and communications between the two nations. Contributors: Ivan L. Rudnytsky, Andrzej Kamins'ski, Frank E. Sysyn, Orest Subtelny, Jozef Lobodowski, George G. Grabowicz, Vasyl Markus, Volodymyr N. Bandera, Geroges Mond, Borys Lewytzkyj, Roman Szporluk, John Basarab, Yevhen Shtendera, Hugh Seton-Watson, Jaroslaw Pelenski, and Adam Bromke.

Essays reexamine major aspects of Ukrainian history including Kyivan Rus', the Ukrainian nobility and elites, Cossack Ukraine and the Turco-Islamic World, the growth and development of Ukrainian cities, the evolution of the Ukrainian literary language, the role of the city in Ukrainian history and the urbanization of Ukrainian cities since the Second World War. Contributors: Omeljan Pritsak, Frank E. Sysyn, Zenon E. Kohut, Orest Subtelny, Patricia Herlihy, Steven L. Guthier, Roman Szporluk, Peter Woroby, George Y. Shevelov.

Politics and Society in Soviet Ukraine, 1953-1980 is perhaps the most authoritative English-language work on this period yet to appear. Based on meticulous study and analysis of Soviet sources, particularly the Soviet press, it encompasses Soviet Ukraine from the death of Stalin to Shcherbytsky's rule as first party secretary. A final chapter on society examines economic aspects, religion and religious movements in Ukraine, and the Russification of Ukrainian society fostered by the Soviet regime.

This nine-chapter study, based largely on original research in the archives of Moscow and St. Petersburg, sheds new light on the role played in Russian cultural development by those Ukrainians who chose to identify themselves with the Russian Empire. By stressing the native, Slavic aspects of imperial culture, Ukrainians modified the Russians's understanding of what it meant to be Russian, preventing them from becoming wholly dependent on contemporary Western Europe. In a wide-ranging, richly detailed analysis, David Saunders shows how this impact was achieved by Ukrainian educators, writers, journalists, scholars, and political figures.

A memoir in novel form, Night and Day is the third novel in a trilogy tracing the life of Mykola Stepanovych Haievsky, both a self-portrait of Gzhytsky and a depiction of a Galician intellectual of the first half of the twentieth century. The title of the first part, Into the Wide World, conveys Haievsky's decision to entrust his fate to the nascent Soviet Union, while that of the second part, Great Hopes, reaffirms (with accompanying evil omens) his faith in the future of the Soviet Union. The title of the third part, Night and Day, conveys several ideas: the disillusionment of imprisonment and exile, followed by renewed hopes (explicit in the final words); constant unremitting and repetitive sequence of night and day in the North, with overtones of Gzhytsky's love of nature; the white nights and "black days", the more general implications of the inseparability of good and evil and the great power of fate; and, though this is most certainly an exaggeration, relations between man and woman, a theme given prominence throughout the trilogy, particularly in this third part, with its setting in the Soviet prison camps.

This book represents the proceedings of the first scholarly conference to examine the Ukrainian religious experience in Canada. Sixteen scholarly essays explore liturgical traditions, ecclesiastical traditions, historical factors in the maintenance of religion and ethnicity, along with case studies. Contributors: Bohdan R. Bociurkiw, Dennis J. Dunn, David J. Goa, Stephan Jarmus, Serge Regis Keleher, Andrii Krawchuk, Casimir Kucharek, Evan Lowig, Vasyl Markus, Sophia Matiasz, Vivan Olender, Jaroslaw Pelikan, Omeljan Pritsak, Sophia Senyk, Oleh Wolowyna, Roman Yereniuk, Paul Yuzyk, Radoslav Zuk.

The book studies developments in education and in agricultural productivity, the impact of self-help movements and of the expansion of transportation networks, and improvements in preventive health care in Southern Podillia. Cumulatively, the effects of these developments led to the emergence of an increasingly self-confident society in the region from which the majority of early Ukrainian immigrants to Canada came. By showing that this rural area was experiencing real progress, Dr. Hryniuk challenges the standard interpretations of eastern Galicia, which have portrayed it as a region characterized by backwardness and economic stagnation.

Covering the initial phase of Ukrainian immigration, settlement and community-building in Canada, this history goes beyond existing accounts in three important respects. First, the Ukrainian experience in Canada is placed firmly within the context of Canadian history, as well as the history of immigrants and immigration. The social and economic forces that "pushed" Ukrainian peasants out of eastern Galicia and northern Bukovyna and "pulled" them to Canada are examined. The efforts of French-Canadian Roman Catholic primates in western Canada to subordinate the immigrants to their authority are analyzed. Attempts by Anglo-Protestant social reformers to "Canadianize" the immigrants through the medium of Protestant missions and the public school system are also discussed. The book's second major subject is the impact of the Ukrainian national movement, which penetrated the villages of eastern Galicia and northern Bukovyna during the last quarter of the nineteenth century and shaped the outlook of the men who assumed leadership within the Canadian immigrant community. In particular, it demonstrates how the national movement's radical, secular and populist precepts fueled anticlericalism, sustained opposition to machine politics and heavy-handed methods of "Canadianization," and promoted self-reliance and resistance to economic exploitation. Ukrainian Canadian attitudes to the First World War, the Russian Revolution and the struggle for independence are also considered. Martynowych's account also delves into the everyday lives of ordinary Ukrainian immigrants in rural bloc settlements, urban colonies, frontier construction camps and one-industry towns from coast to coast. An attempt has been made to survey material conditions of life, to examine occupational structures and entrepreneurial activity, and to consider social differentiation and the emergence of class divisions. The formation, proliferation and activities of local institutions such as parishes, reading clubs, drama groups, co-operatives, national homes, socialist circles and labour temples are also analyzed, as are the efforts of Ukrainian nationalists and socialists to transmit their ideologies and mobilize popular support through such institutions.

The book Politics of Multiculturalism is the memoir of an academic whose expertise in the education of Canadian minorities led him to take on a major political role in the Canadian multicultural movement. Born in the Ukrainian bloc settlement of east-central Alberta and educated at the universities of Alberta, Minnesota, and Harvard, Manoly R. Lupul combined the outlook of a liberal secular humanist with a conviction that modern society could be enriched by the cultural potential of ethnicity. His concern for the expansion of minority linguistic and cultural rights in Canada was sharpened by a direct encounter with the policy of Russification in Ukraine during a sabbatical leave in the late 1960s. Dr. Lupul's involvement in Canadian multiculturalism began with the drafting and passage of Alberta's first school legislation for bilingual programs (1971); similar laws were subsequently enacted in Saskatchewan and Manitoba. He went on to serve as an executive member of the Canadian Consultative Council on Multiculturalism and a member of the Alberta Cultural Heritage Council. In 1976 Dr. Lupul became the founding director of CIUS Press at the University of Alberta, the first publicly funded institution of its kind outside Ukraine. He contributed significantly to the development of the multiculturalism section of the Constitution of Canada (1982). This memoir, based not only on personal writings and recollections but also on extensive documentation, brings together much information previously unavailable in print. In his frank account, Dr. Lupul offers unrivalled first-person insight into the aspirations that gave rise to Canada's policy of multiculturalism and the interplay of forces that shaped and blunted its development. The book will appeal to readers interested in Canadian culture and politics and, more generally, in the problem of promoting minority-group rights in democratic societies.

The study of the confraternity movement in early modern Ukraine is vital for our understanding of the unique place Ukrainian culture and society have occupied between Eastern and Western Christianity. Ukraine and Belarus were the only countries where Orthodox lay confraternities came into being. Their activities coincided with a period of crucial social and cultural change. Although structurally similar to their western European counterparts, the Eastern-rite confraternities developed their unique features. They introduced a spirit of competition between the two Ruthenian churchesÑthe Orthodox and the UniateÑand contributed to an increase in the pace of Ruthenian socio-cultural growth. The schools attached to the Orthodox confraternities in several larger cities disseminated European humanist ideas and introduced generally accessible post-humanist education, while the confraternity presses promoted the development of scholarship and literature. Voluntary Brotherhood is a translation of one of the best works on early modern Ukraine to appear in the USSR after the 1920s. It is also a thoroughly revised and updated version of the original, Ukrainian-language work by one of Ukraine's leading historians. The author, Iaroslav Isaievych, has not only deleted terminology Soviet censors imposed before the book could be published in Kyiv in 1966, but has also broadened the scope of his analysis by utilizing a comparative approach and taking into account the scholarly literature on the subject published in the past four decades.

Wozzeck is one of the masterpieces of contemporary Ukrainian literature and a cult classic for the Ukrainian 1990s generation.

The ninth volume of Mykhailo Hrushevsky’s History of Ukraine-Rus’ is by far the longest in the ten-volume series. Written in the late 1920s, after Hrushevsky had returned to Ukraine from exile, the volume is based mainly on a wealth of documents gathered by Hrushevsky and his students in the Moscow archives. Many of these documents were little used or unknown to previous historians. The pivotal event in this part of the volume is the Pereiaslav Agreement of 1654, which brought Cossack Ukraine under a Muscovite protectorate. Needing military assistance to continue the struggle with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, against which the Cossack Host and much of the Ukrainian populace had rebelled in 1648, Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky was prepared to make an agreement that brought Muscovy into the conflict on terms favorable to the Cossacks. Hrushevsky analyzes the diplomatic and military developments that led up to the agreement, and in chapter 7 he presents the most detailed and thoughtful treatment in modern historiography of the Pereiaslav Council of January 1654 and the subsequent understandings with Moscow. In his discussion Hrushevsky deals not only with previous historiography and the documentary record, which is incomplete, but also with the negotiations, taking account of the conflicting motivations of the two sides. The subsequent chapters trace the difficult course of Cossack Ukraine’s relations with Muscovy in 1654-55: the joint military campaign against the Commonwealth, which almost led to disaster because of poor coordination; the Cossack leadership’s efforts to take control of the western Ukrainian and southern Belarusian lands; the ferocious battle of Dryzhypil; and the devastation of the Bratslav region by Polish and Tatar forces, against which Muscovy provided no effective protection. On the basis of the travel diary of Paul of Aleppo, a Syrian cleric, Hrushevsky gives an account of daily life in Ukraine at the time, with many details unavailable in other sources. Unparalleled in breadth of research, Hrushevsky’s work brings to life a turbulent and politically decisive period in the life of the Ukrainian people. This volume was translated by Marta Daria Olynyk and edited by Serhii Plokhy (consulting editor) and Frank E. Sysyn (editor in chief) with the assistance of Myroslav Yurkevich. The volume includes an extensive historical introduction, a full bibliography of the sources used by Hrushevsky, 3 maps, and an index. The preparation of this volume for publication was funded by a generous donation from Mrs. Daria Mucak-Kowalsky (Etobicoke, Ontario) in memory of her husband, Mykhailo Kowalsky.

Vasyl Kuchabsky's Western Ukraine in Conflict with Poland and Bolshevism, 1918-1923 is devoted to one of the most complex periods of twentieth-century history, when the defeat of the Central Powers in the First World War and the collapse of the Russian Empire made it possible for the "non-historical nations" of Central and Eastern Europe to undertake the creation of independent states.

Ihor Ševčenko’s Ukraine between East and West explores the development of Ukrainian cultural identity under the disparate influences of the Byzantine Empire and western Europe, mediated through Poland. Byzantium was the source from which Kyivan Rus' received Christianity and a highly developed literary and artistic culture, which stimulated Kyiv's own achievements in those fields. Professor Ševčenko shows how the prestige of Byzantine civilization was reinforced by the activities of Kyiv’s Greek metropolitans, various Byzantine emperors, and the Byzantine missionaries and teachers of Greek who influenced the outlook of the South and East Slavic elites during the Middle Ages. Byzantine civilization impacted the culture of Rus' not only during Constantinople’s period of greatness, but even after its fall to the Turks.Professor Ševčenko also analyzes the importance of the Counter-Reformation in early modern Ukraine. Polish Jesuit scholarship and new instructional methods and the Polish church’s and state’s assimilationist pressures compelled the Ukrainian elite to rise in defense of its ancestral Orthodox faith and reshape its traditional culture with the aid of Western innovations. The intellectual ferment of the era is captured in essays on religious polemical literature and the complex figure of Kyiv’s famous Orthodox metropolitan, Peter Mohyla. Concluding the book is a consideration of the way Byzantine and west European influences combined with the Kyivan legacy to produce a distinctive Ukrainian identity.Ukraine between East and West provides a wealth of detail and the author’s richly informed analytical perspective. The essays will be a rewarding read not only for students of Byzantine and East European history, but also for anyone interested in cultural formation and development.Bibliographic notes are appended to each essay, and the volume is enhanced with 22 pages of fifteen chronological tables and four excellent fold-out maps. This is the second, revised edition of the inaugural volume of the monograph series published by the Peter Jacyk Centre for Ukrainian Historical Research at the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies. The series aims to foster the publication of new research, textbooks, source materials, and translations of classical historical works. Foreword by Frank E. Sysyn.

This tome, in which Mykhailo Hrushevsky analyzes the last two years of Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky’s rule, consists of the final chapters (10-13) of volume 9. Hrushevsky presents the most comprehensive discussion to date of Khmelnytsky’s foreign policy in the aftermath of the Treaty of Pereiaslav (1654), a topic closed to research in Soviet Ukraine from the 1930s to the 1980s. He also discusses Khmelnytsky’s renewed efforts to annex the western Ukrainian territories and to control the Belarusian lands conquered by the Cossacks. He concludes with an assessment of the hetman and his age that has long been controversial in Ukrainian historiography.The volume shows how Ukraine’s relations with Muscovy were strained by the Muscovites’ failure to help fend off devastating Polish and Crimean attacks, which prompted Ukrainian leaders to seek support elsewhere. Tensions were exacerbated by the Ukrainian-Muscovite dispute over Belarusian territory. When Charles X of Sweden attacked the Commonwealth in 1655, while Khmelnytsky sought to recover the western Ukrainian lands, a Swedish-Ukrainian alliance seemed to be in the making. A military convention was concluded, but Charles, under pressure from his allies among the Polish nobility, would not cede western Ukraine to the Cossacks. Once Muscovy declared war on Sweden in 1656, it opened peace negotiations with Poland to which Cossack envoys were not admitted, convincing Khmelnytsky’s officers that the Muscovites had betrayed them. Khmelnytsky then began a complicated diplomatic offensive to break up Muscovite-Polish negotiations. After the Vilnius accord between Muscovy and the Commonweath (November 1656), he sought to form a Swedish-Transylvanian-Ukrainian league in cooperation with Brandenburg and supported the abortive effort by György Rákóczi II of Transylvania to gain the Polish throne. Khmelnytsky also negotiated with the Ottoman Porte, giving rise to the vexed question of his possible request for vassal status. Hrushevsky’s exhaustive discussion of diplomatic affairs greatly advances understanding of the role of Ukraine and the countries of East Central Europe in the political crisis of the mid-seventeenth century.This volume was translated by Marta Daria Olynyk and edited by Yaroslav Fedoruk (consulting editor) and Frank E. Sysyn (editor in chief) with the assistance of Myroslav Yurkevich.In a comprehensive introduction to the volume, Yaroslav Fedoruk considers issues of foreign policy, as well as the larger problem of national historiographies and their limitations with regard to the highly complex European situation. Frank Sysyn analyzes Hrushevsky’s assessment of Khmelnytsky’s rule in chapter 13 as a polemic with the conservative historian Viacheslav Lypynsky (1882-1931). The preparation of this volume for publication was funded by a generous donation from Dr. Maria Fischer-Slysh (Toronto, Ontario) in memory of her parents, Dr. Adolf and Olha Slyz.

Ukrainian-Jewish Relations in Historical Perspective contains papers from a historic conference on Ukrainian-Jewish relations that was held at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, in October 1983. Ambitious in scope, the conference brought together a sizable group of eminent North American and Israeli scholars who addressed the highly complex history of relations between Jews and Ukrainians. The essays in this collection, which reflect the dynamic and often controversial nature of the conference, range in time from the seventh to the twentieth century and cover subjects in both Eastern Europe and Canada. The book also contains transcripts of two discussions: one on issues arising from the conference panels, the other concerning Ukrainian-Jewish relations in Canada. The McMaster conference was the first major effort to address difficult problems of Ukrainian-Jewish relations in a broader academic context. The past quarter century has seen dramatic transformations in the geopolitics of both Ukraine and Israel, as well as an enormous expansion of research on Ukrainian-Jewish relations by scholars from many countries working in a variety of fields. Evidence of this expansion is contained in the select bibliography of book publications that has been added to this third edition. These new developments and research notwithstanding, the essays gathered in this book have retained their importance and relevance to contemporary readers, and some of them still represent the most authoritative discussions of their particular subjects. Contributors: Contributors: Omeljan Pritsak, Jaroslaw Pelenski, Shmuel Ettinger,George Grabowicz, Jaroslaw Pelenski, Frank E. Sysyn, Moshe Mishkinsky, Ivan L. Rudnytsky, Roman Serbyn, John-Paul Himka, Alexander Baran, Yury Boshyk, Geoff Eley, Mattityahu Minc, Jonathan Frankel, Mordechai Altshuler, Israel Bartal, Georg G. Grabowicz, Alexander Malycky, Marta Bohachevsky-Chomiak, Jaroslav Bilinsky, Aharon Weiss, Israel Kleiner, Zvi Gitelman, Manoly R. Lupul, Alan Shelman, Walter Tarnopolsky.

The making of modern Ukrainian identity is often reduced to a choice between "Little Russia" and "Ukraine." In this collection of essays, Zenon Kohut shows that the process was much more complex, involving Western influences and native traditions that shaped a distinct Ukrainian political culture and historiography. He stresses the importance of the early modern period and analyzes the development of Ukrainian historiography. Among the topics singled out for attention are the struggle for Cossack rights and liberties, the ambiguous role of the concept of Little Russia, the development of a stereotypical image of Jews, and post-independence relations between Ukraine and Russia. The book offers a rewarding and richly nuanced treatment of a contentious subject.

Volume 10 covers most of the hetmancy of Bohdan Khmelnytsky’s successor, Ivan Vyhovsky (1657–59). Its three chapters constitute only the first part of the volume as Hrushevsky planned it. When he wrote them in 1929–30, the Soviet authorities in Moscow had begun their sweeping attack on Ukraine’s political and cultural autonomy, including an effort to enforce conformity on the historical profession. Arrested in March 1931, Hrushevsky was exiled to Moscow, where he worked mainly on his History of Ukrainian Literature. After the historian’s death in 1934, his daughter, Kateryna, edited the incomplete volume 10 and managed to have it published in 1936.Hrushevsky’s account begins with the tensions surrounding Vyhovsky’s assumption of the hetmancy following Khmelnytsky’s death. The late hetman’s son and designated successor, Iurii, was not yet of age and did not command the loyalty of the Cossack rank and file. Vyhovsky emerged as a ‘caretaker’ identified with the Cossack officer establishment. He was soon faced with a revolt of Zaporozhian Cossacks led by a rival for command of the Host, Iakiv Barabash, and the colonel of Poltava, Martyn Pushkar. Although Vyhovsky routed their forces in battle, his relations with Muscovy grew increasingly difficult, as he suspected the tsarist government of exploiting rank-and-file dissatisfaction in order to depose him. This led Vyhovsky to consider a reconciliation with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in which Rus’ would be a co-equal principality—a settlement whose conditions were elaborated in the Treaty of Hadiach (1658). The volume closes with Hrushevsky’s detailed assessment of the treaty, on which he renders a negative judgment.Volume 10 was translated by Marta Daria Olynyk, who is also the translator of volumes 8 and 9, book 2, part 1, and 9, book 2, part 2. The volume was prepared for publication by two staff editors—editor in chief Frank Sysyn, who was involved in all aspects of the volume, and senior editor Myroslav Yurkevich, who edited the translation for content and style—and two consulting editors, Andrew B, Pernal and Yaroslav Fedoruk. Professor Pernal provided an introduction discussing the sources and structure of the volume. Dr. Fedoruk provided a second introduction, based largely on archival sources, that offers the most complete account yet written of Hrushevsky’s creative work during his final years.

The book is a collection of scholarly essays about the interrelationships between religion and religious institutions, nations and nation building, and secularization. The book presents nine papers by eminent scholars from Ukraine, Austria, Canada, and the United States that examine a wide range of topics relating to the last four hundred years: religious culture and the role of clergy as agents of modernization; national identity and transnational religious phenomena; the relationship between sacred tongues and modern language formation; the interaction of secularizing trends with ritual and tradition; the interrelation of religious hierarchies and political movements; and popular belief in relation to religious dogma. The book focuses on Ukrainian territories, but attention is also drawn to Belarusian territories, inasmuch as the Ruthenian (i.e., Ukrainian and Belarusian) lands shared common religious and cultural institutions in the early modern period. The majority of the essays address Ukrainian or Eastern Christian religious formations, but other religious groups, such as Jews, are also discussed. In light of the modern-day globalization of Ukrainian religious groups and the rise of diasporas, some of the essays also cover Western Europe and the Americas.The original papers were delivered at an international conference, held in Munich in 2010, that was co-sponsored by Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (Munich); Charles University (Prague); the Ukrainian Free University (Munich); and the Peter Jacyk Centre for Ukrainian Historical Research at the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, University of Alberta (Edmonton). Contributors: Kerstin S. Jobst, Burkhard Wöller, Michael Moser, Tobias Grill, Frank E. Sysyn, Liliana Hentosh, Oleh Pavlyshyn, Martha Bohachevsky-Chomiak, Leonid Heretz.

Between 1925 and 1939 a second wave of Ukrainian immigration brought within its ranks many civically active and politicized newcomers to Canada. Their impact on the major Ukrainian religious institutions and secular mass organizations were particularly strong. Many of them followed political developments and religious controversies in their dismembered homeland and hosted emissaries of overseas political movements and regimes. One of the most active groups—the Ukrainian war veterans, who had participated in the struggle for Ukrainian independence (1917–21)—promoted an assertive brand of nationalism and expressed admiration for authoritarian regimes in Europe. The author considers the impact of the second wave of Ukrainian immigrants on the churches, on the emergence of new secular mass organizations, and on the response of pre-war immigrants to the challenge presented by the newcomers.

It was in the 1980s that the Famine of 1932–1933 in Ukraine became the subject of serious academic study. The publication of Robert Conquest’s ground-breaking The Harvest of Sorrow in 1986 in particular focused attention on what has come to be known as the Holodomor. The pace of research accelerated in the wake of the disintegration of the Soviet Union, when archives that had been off limits became accessible. Issues that had once raised controversy such as whether the Ukrainian borders had been closed were resolved by documentary evidence. Careful demographic studies replaced intuitive estimates on population losses. In addition, the amount of survivor testimony expanded many times over. Yet many issues continue to be debated, such as the relation of the Holodomor to the general Soviet famine, intentionality, and the question of genocide.With this context in mind, the Holodomor Research and Education Consortium (HREC) of the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies partnered with several institutions to organize a conference examining what thirty years of scholarly work on the Famine has added to our understanding of Ukrainian history, Soviet history, communism, and genocide studies. The conference, held in September 2013 on the eightieth anniversary of the Holodomor, brought together specialists to discuss the impact in their fields of research and academic discourse on the Holodomor. This book contains the conference papers given by Norman Naimark, on genocide; Andrea Graziosi, on Soviet history; Françoise Thom, on Stalinism; Olga Andriewsky, on Ukrainian history; and Stanislav Kulchytsky, on communism. An introductory article by Frank Sysyn provides an overview of thirty years of research on the Holodomor. These papers first appeared in the journal East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies, edited by Oleh Ilnytzkyj.

Leading specialists examine the affinities and differences between the pan-Soviet famine of 1931–1933, the Ukrainian Holodomor, the Kazakh great hunger, and the famine in China in 1959–1961. The first three articles deal with famine within a single state or Soviet republic and the remaining three offer comparative perspectives. With increased access to archives, scholars now have a sense of the dynamics, demographic impact, and consequences of the great political famines of the twentieth century, unleashed by Communist parties endowed with centralized planning mechanisms that they believed they could control and manipulate. In exploring the commonalities and specificities of the massive famines produced by the two largest Communist states, the authors also set forth numerous hypotheses and agendas for future research. Contributors: Lucien Bianco, Sarah Cameron, Rona Andrea Graziosi, Niccola Pianciola, Nicholas Werth, Zhou Xun

With volume 4, Mykhailo Hrushevsky begins the second, ‘Lithuanian-Polish,’ cycle of his History of Ukraine-Rus’, which extends from the fourteenth-century collapse of Ukrainian statehood to the recovery of the late sixteenth century. Volume 4 covers political life, while volumes 5 and 6 deal with society and culture.The Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland were the dominant powers in the Ukrainian lands during this period. Having attained statehood in the thirteenth century, Lithuania faced strong opposition from the Teutonic Knights in the northwest and Muscovy in the east. Accordingly, it expanded southward into the Belarusian and Ukrainian lands. Its rule was accepted with little opposition because the Lithuanian ruling stratum was rapidly assimilated by the demographically dominant Ruthenians, and the cultural legacy of Old Rus’ reigned supreme. Ruthenian was the main language of the Lithuanian court, common and criminal law was adopted from that of Rus’, and Ruthenian craftsmen shaped artistic tastes. Many Lithuanian rulers converted to Orthodoxy. Thus, as Hrushevsky points out, Lithuanian annexation of Ukrainian lands passed relatively unnoticed and left no deep traces in local tradition.Poland contrasts sharply with Lithuania in Hrushevsky’s account: a strong state bent on eastward expansion, it was determined to assert its political and cultural dominance. The key to that expansion was the incorporation of Lithuania into a full union with Poland—a process that began with the Union of Krėva (1385) and culminated in the Union of Lublin (1569), which established the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and brought the Ukrainian lands under Polish rule. Hrushevsky explains the intricate politics of the period in detail. A separate chapter chronicles the rise of the Crimean Tatars and their devastating raids, which gave the Ruthenians a compelling incentive to accept union with Poland.

The Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies’ hallmark event for its fortieth anniversary in 2016 was a two-day conference held at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, bringing together scholars and community members from across Canada, the United States, and Europe, as well as hundreds of online viewers. Edited by Dr. Volodymyr Kravchenko, Ukrainian Studies in Canada is a direct product of the transcripts, submitted papers, discussions, questions, and opinions that came out of this milestone Ukrainian studies event. This book documents the five round-table sessions of the conference, discussing the past, present, and future of Ukrainian studies in North America.Contributors: Dominique Arel, Martha Bohachevsky-Chomiak, Rory Finnin, Andrew Hladyshevsky, Nadia Jacyk, Natalia Khanenko-Friesen, Zenon Kohut, Bohdan Kordan, Taras Koznarsky, Volodymyr Kravchenko, Olga Kuplowska, Lubomyr Luciuk, Manoly Lupul, Paul Robert Magocsi, Andrij Makuch, Alla Nedashkivska, W. Roman Petryshyn, Andrii Portnov, Frank Sysyn, Mark Von Hagen, Serhy Yekelchyk, Roman Yereniuk

Polish historians and political leaders have often used the term gente Rutheni, natione Poloni to characterize figures of Ruthenian/Ukrainian descent who viewed themselves as part of a Polish political or national community. The duality and hybridity of these figures’ identity have excluded them from traditional Polish and Ukrainian national narratives. Adam Świątek has given us the first fully encompassing work examining the persons, organizations, and ideologies of this group from the end of the eighteenth to the beginning of the twentieth century. Based on a thorough examination of sources and literature, his monograph provides a nuanced account of how the concept and group were transformed and functioned in Habsburg Galicia. The volume is essential reading for all those interested in Polish-Ukrainian relations and those who wish to study varying national identities and historical concepts in the Galician crownland over the long nineteenth century. By undertaking an examination of a concept and group that did not succeed with the advent of modern nationalism, he enriches our understanding of the Habsburg world and modern Polish and Ukrainian nationhood.

Volumes 1 through 3 of Mykhailo Hrushevsky’s ten-volume magnum opus, History of Ukraine-Rus', form a foundational unit for the history of the Ukrainian lands and people wherein the eminent historian explores the history of the Ukrainian lands from antiquity up until the dissolution of the Rus' state on western Ukrainian territories in the fourteenth century. Volume 2 acts as a chronological bridge within that unit. The first half of the volume provides what is still the best political history of medieval southern East Slavic territory in any language. It draws on an extraordinarily wide range of evidence to document events from the time of the death of Volodymyr the Great in 1015 through the period of Mongol devastations in 1237–41. Hrushevsky describes the consolidation of the Rus' state in the middle Dnipro region and its rapid political and cultural growth and increasing prosperity in East Slavic territory under the ever-expanding lines of Volodymyr’s dynasty. In the second half of the volume, Hrushevsky exploits all of the literary and archaeological evidence available at the turn of the twentieth century to describe as accurately as possible the physical presence of Rus' society on Ukrainian territory, including in the Kyiv, Chernihiv, and Pereiaslav lands, in Volhynia and Galicia, and in the steppe (what is now southern and eastern Ukraine). These two parts of the volume together make Hrushevsky’s case that the Ukrainian people had in their past a period of political statehood lasting for almost four centuries and that by 1900, they and their ancestors had lived continuously in the same territory for almost 1,500 years. Thus, Hrushevsky declares in his introductory remarks, “The history of the territory of present-day Ukraine is the history of the Ukrainian people.”

Volodymyr Vynnychenko (1880-1951) was an extraordinary writer and political figure of the Ukrainian generation that was active in the early twentieth century. In his stories, novels, and plays he broke with populist and literary-realist traditions and rebelled against the social mores and political system of the tsarist empire, often raising provocative questions about morality and authenticity. Vynnychenko wrote most of his 23 plays while he lived as an émigré. A number of his plays were staged in Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Austria, Holland, and other countries. But in the English-speaking world, Vynnychenko is still largely unknown. This volume of six of his best-known plays, translated by George Mihaychuk, corrects this lacuna and introduces readers to a masterful dramatist.

In Eternal Memory: Monuments and Memorials of the Holodomor, Wiktoria Kudela-Swiatek provides an in-depth examination of “places of memory” associated with the Great Famine of 1932–1933 in Ukraine, supplemented by photographs from across the globe that highlight both the uniqueness of individual monuments and their commonalities. The author investigates the history, aesthetics, and symbolism of a wide array of commemorative spaces, including museums, commemorative plaques, and sites directly linked with the victims of the Holodomor (previously unmarked mass graves, for example). The book not only illuminates the range of meanings that communities of memory have invested in these sites but sheds light on the processes by which commemorative practices have evolved and been shared between Ukraine and the diaspora.