Stuart Anderson is emeritus professor in pharmacy history at the Centre for History in Public Health at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. He is the author of Pharmacy and Professionalization in the British Empire, 1780-1970 (Palgrave McMillan, 2021), and his book Pharmacopoeias, Drug Regulation, and Empire: Making Medicines Official in Britain’s Imperial World, 1681-1968 will be published by McGill-Queen’s University Press in 2024. He was the editor of Making Medicines: A Brief History of Pharmacy and Pharmaceuticals (Pharmaceutical Press, 2005) and is the editor of the international journal Pharmaceutical Historian. He is a past chair of the Society for the Social History of Medicine, a past president of the British Society for the History of Pharmacy and was president of the International Academy for the History of Pharmacy 2009 to 2017. He is a Fellow of both the Royal Pharmaceutical Society and the Royal Historical Society.

• Volume 1. Profession – From Apothecary to Pharmacist AcknowledgementsGeneral IntroductionIntroduction to Volume 1 Part 1. Apothecaries and chemists and druggists before 1841 1. J. M. Good, The History of Medicine so far as it relates to the Profession of the Apothecary from the earliest accounts to the present period (London: Printed for C. Dilly, T. Evatt and Co., 1795), pp. 146–72. 2. J. Bell and T. Redwood, ‘The Association of Apothecaries in 1812’, Historical Sketch of the Progress of Pharmacy (London: Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, 1880), pp. 68–70. 3. The Apothecaries Act 1815: An Act for Better Regulating the Practice of Apothecaries throughout England and Wales (55 Geo III. C.A.P. CXCIV, 12 July 1815), pp. 1–7.4. The Book of Trades (London: A. K. Newman, 1829) Entries for ‘Apothecary’ (p. 5) and ‘Chemist and Druggist’ (p. 30). 5. ‘Repeal of the Apothecaries Act: Abuses in the profession’, London Medical and Surgical Journal (13 April 1833), pp. 341–2. 6. ‘Medical Profession Bill’, Lancet 2 (27 March 1841), pp. 30–1. 7. ‘Petition from the London Society of Apothecaries’, Lancet 2 (10 April 1841), pp. 105–7.8. ‘Medicine and pharmacy’, Lancet 2 (9 April 1842), pp. 53–4.Part 2. Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, 1841–1880 9. ‘Lesson for prescribing druggists’, Lancet 2 (9 April 1842), pp. 51–3.10. ‘President’s address’, Pharmaceutical Journal (12 January 1842), pp. 391–4.11. Bill to regulate medical profession’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 April 1842), p. 505. 12. ‘Pharmacy in Great Britain, part 1’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 April 1842), p. 507–10.13. Definition of the term chemist and druggist’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 April 1842), p. 329–31. 14. ‘Progress of the Society’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 April 1842), p. 209–11. 15. ‘Laws and constitution of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 April 1842), p. 359–62. 16. ‘List of the founders’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 April 1842), pp. 363–4.17. ‘First annual meeting of the Pharmaceutical Society’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1842), pp. 633–48. 18. ‘Proposal for a College of Pharmacy’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1846), pp. 557–63.19. ‘The proper functions of a College of Pharmacy’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1846), pp. 387–9.20. ‘Evidence respecting pharmacy before the Parliamentary Committee’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1848), pp. 553–6.21. ‘The Apothecaries Act of 1815’. Provincial Medical and Surgical Journal (5 March 1851), pp. 138–9.22. ‘Licentiates of the College of Physicians’, Historical Sketch (1880), p. 299.23. ‘Proposed Interference by Medical Council’, Historical Sketch (1880), pp. 320–8. 24. ‘Deputation to Home Secretary’, Historical Sketch (1880), pp. 334–41.25. ‘Major Associates’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 February 1873), pp. 612–13.26. ‘Formation of a Chemists’ Defence Association’, Chemist and Druggist (15 July 1876), pp. 237–44.27. ‘W. D. Savage, ‘The relative positions of the apothecaries and the chemists and druggists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (15 April 1876), pp. 836–8. 28. ‘United Society of Chemists and Druggists’, Historical Sketch (1880), pp. 300–1. Part 3. Pharmacy legislation 29. Royal Charter of Incorporation, Granted to the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (London: Privy Council, 18 February 1843), pp. 1–9. 30. ‘Pharmacy Bill’, Hansard, House of Commons Debates, vol. 119 (17 March 1852), cc. 1218–22. 31. Pharmacy Act (15 & 16 Vict. Cap. LVI, 30 June 1852). 32. Medical Act: An Act to regulate the Qualifications of Practitioners in Medicine and Surgery (1858 Chapter 90, 2 August 1858), selected sections.33. Offences Against the Person Act (24 & 25 Vict. Chapter 100, 6 August 1861), selected sections.34. Second Reading of two Pharmacy Bills’, Hansard, House of Commons Debates, vol. 178 (29 March 1865), cc. 470–9. 35. ‘Report of the Pharmacy Bill Committee’, Minutes of the General Medical Council (London: 4 July 1868), pp. 260–5. 36. An Act to regulate the Sale of Poisons, and alter and amend the Pharmacy Act 1852 (31 & 52 Vict. Cap. CXXI, 31 July 1868).37. An Act to Amend the Pharmacy Act (31 & 32 Vict. Chapter 117, 11 August 1869).38. ‘On Pharmaceutical Legislation, 1868’, Historical Sketch (1880), pp. 344–56. 39. ‘Pharmacy Acts Amendment Bill’, Hansard, House of Lords Debates, vol. 323 (06 March 1888), cc. 328–30.40. Pharmacy Acts Amendment Act (61 & 62 Vict. Chapter 25, 25 July 1898).41. Supplemental Charter granted to the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (London: Privy Council, 27 March 1901), pp. 1–2. 42. An Act to regulate the sale of certain poisonous substances and to amend the Pharmacy Acts (Edw. 7 & 8. Chapter 55, 21 December 1908).Part 4. Women in pharmacy 43. ‘Women and pharmacy’, Minutes of the Library, Museum and Laboratory Committee, Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (9 October 1861), p. 126. 44. ‘Lady students’, Pharmaceutical Journal (5 October 1872), pp. 268–9.45. ‘Lady pharmacists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (12 October 1872), p. 294. 46. ‘Lady pharmacists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (16 November 1872), p. 390.47. ‘Women as chemists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (30 November 1872), pp. 423–4. 48. ‘Women as pharmacists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (31 December 1872), p. 489.49. ‘Women as pharmacists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (4 January 1873), p. 534. 50. ‘Pharmaceutical Women’, Pharmaceutical Journal (25 January 1873), p. 588–9. 51. ‘Women as pharmacists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 February 1873), p. 614. 52. ‘Pharmaceutical Women’, Pharmaceutical Journal (8 February 1873), pp. 629–31. 53. ‘Pharmaceutical Women’, Pharmaceutical Journal (22 February 1873), p. 679. 54. ‘Pharmaceutical Women’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 March 1873), p. 698–9.55. ‘Pharmaceutical Women’, Pharmaceutical Journal (8 March 1873), p. 720. 56. ‘Pharmaceutical Women’, Pharmaceutical Journal (15 March 1873), p. 738-9. 57. ‘Women in pharmacy’, Pharmaceutical Journal (5 April 1873), p. 800. 58. ‘Pharmaceutical Women’, Pharmaceutical Journal (26 April 1873), p. 860. 59. ‘Women in pharmacy’, Pharmaceutical Journal (24 May 1873), pp. 936–941. 60. ‘Admission of women as members’, Pharmaceutical Journal (31 May 1873), p. 968. 61. ‘Admission of women to medical profession’, Lancet 2 (7 August 1875), p. 213. 62. ‘Women in pharmacy’, Canadian Pharmaceutical Journal 9 (1875–76), pp. 299–300. 63. ‘Lady pharmacists’, Chemist and Druggist (30 July 1892), pp. 143–6. 64. M. Buchanan, ‘The present position of women in pharmacy’, Pharmaceutical Journal (23 May 1908), pp. 675–8. Part 5. Education and qualifications 65. ‘The late regulations at Apothecaries’ Hall’, London Medical and Surgical Journal (16 May 1835), pp. 505–7.66. ‘Opening of the school of pharmacy’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1842), p. 649.67. J. Bell, ‘On voluntary and compulsory education’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 November 1843), pp. 193–5.68. ‘The Examination of chemists and druggists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1846), pp. 529–32.69. ‘The Examinations of the Pharmaceutical Society’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 January 1848), pp. 297–300.70. ‘The Qualifications and Remuneration of Assistants’, Pharmaceutical Journal (24 August 1872), p. 147.71. P. Princep, ‘Examinations of the Pharmaceutical Society and How to Study for them’, Chemist and Druggist (15 March 1878), pp. 96–9.72. ‘Schedule of subjects of the minor examination, effective July 1891’, Calendar of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (London: Pharmaceutical Society, 1891), pp. 210–5. 73. ‘New examination regulations,’ Pharmaceutical Journal (21 November 1891), pp. 407–8.74. G. S. V. Wills, ‘Concerning examinations’, in A Jubilee Souvenir: The Work of G.S.V. Wills and the Westminster College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, (Stratford–on–Avon: Wilson and Whitworth, 1899), pp. 131–41. 75. G. S. V. Wills, ‘Attempt to enforce a curriculum’, in A Jubilee Souvenir: The Work of G.S.V. Wills and the Westminster College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, (Stratford–on–Avon: Wilson and Whitworth, 1899), pp. 142–51. 76. ‘Qualification of dispensers’, Pharmaceutical Journal (15 February 1902), pp.122–3.Part 6. Pharmacy curriculum and texts 77. A. Duncan, Jr, Edinburgh New Dispensatory... including complete ... translations of the ... London pharmacopoeia, published in 1791; Dublin pharmacopoeia, published in 1794; and of the new ed. of the Edinburgh pharmacopoeia (Edinburgh: Bell and Bradfute, 1803), preface, pp. v–x.78. A. Thomson, ‘Introductory lecture on materia medica’, Pharmaceutical Journal(1 June 1842), pp. 466–70.79. A. Ure, ‘Introductory lecture on chemistry’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1842), pp. 524–9.80. T. Redwood, ‘Introductory lecture on practical pharmacy’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1842), pp. 538–41.81. J. Pereira, ‘Introductory lecture on materia medica’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1842), pp. 565–71.82. J. Pereira, ‘Pharmacological remedies’, in The Elements of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, comprehending the natural history, preparation, properties, composition, effects and uses of medicines, volume 1 (London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, 1849), pp. 79–86.83. F. Mohr and T. Redwood, ‘Preface’, in Practical Pharmacy: the arrangements, apparatus, and manipulations of the pharmaceutical shop and laboratory (Philadelphia: Lea and Blanchard, 1849), pp. vii–viii.84. F. Mohr and T. Redwood, ‘Division of the Shop into Compartments’ and ‘Dispensing Counter’, in Practical Pharmacy: the arrangements, apparatus, and manipulations of the pharmaceutical shop and laboratory (Philadelphia: Lea and Blanchard, 1849), pp. 14–24.85. F. Mohr and T. Redwood, ‘The dispensing of medicines’, in Practical Pharmacy: the arrangements, apparatus, and manipulations of the pharmaceutical shop and laboratory (Philadelphia: Lea and Blanchard, 1849), pp. 325–36. 86. A. T. Thomson, ‘Elements of pharmacy’, in The London Dispensatory: a practical synopsis of materia medica, pharmacy, and therapeutics: illustrated with many useful tables, and woodcuts of the pharmaceutical apparatus (London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1852), pp. v–vii.87. J. Muter, ‘Modern theories of chemistry’, in Introduction to pharmaceutical and medical chemistry (London: South London School of Pharmacy, 1874), pp. 1–28. 88. J. T. Royle, ‘Introduction’, in Manual of Materia Medica and Therapeutics: including the preparations of the British Pharmacopoeia and other approved medicines (London: John Churchill, 1876), pp. 1–4. 89. J. T. Royle, ‘Operations of Pharmacy’, in Manual of Materia Medica and Therapeutics: including the preparations of the British Pharmacopoeia and other approved medicines (London: John Churchill, 1876), pp. 5–20.90. G. S. V. Wills, ‘Preface’, in A Manual of Vegetable Materia Medica, sixth edition, (London: Simpkin, Marshall and Co), 1883, p. i.91. G. S. V. Wills, ‘Questions in Materia Medica’, in A Manual of Vegetable Materia Medica, sixth edition, (London: Simpkin, Marshall and Co., 1883), pp. 115–6,148–49. IndexVolume 2. Practice – From Proprietor to Company Chemist AcknowledgementsGeneral IntroductionIntroduction to Volume 2Part 1. The origin of company chemists 1. ‘Cooperative stores and the sale of poisons’, Chemist and Druggist (15 June 1878), pp. 270–1.2. ‘Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v The London and Provincial Supply Association’ (Court Proceedings), Pharmaceutical Journal (24 July 1880), pp. 65–80.3. ‘Appeal Case in House of Lords’, Pharmaceutical Journal (24 July 1880), pp. 81–2.4. J. Attfield, ‘The future supply of drugs to the public: the relations of the state to pharmacy’, Pharmaceutical Journal (22 November 1883), pp. 228–36. 5. ‘Company pharmacy’, Chemist and Druggist (2 December 1893), p. 809.6. ‘Company pharmacy’, Chemist and Druggist (9 December 1893), p. 841.7. ‘Company pharmacy’, Chemist and Druggist (16 December 1893), p. 873.8. ‘Company pharmacy’, Chemist and Druggist (23 December 1893), pp. 894–5.9. ‘Company pharmacy’, Chemist and Druggist (23 December 1893), pp. 903–4.10. ‘Company chemists’, Chemist and Druggist (30 January 1897), pp. 163–4.Part 2. The drug trade 11. Medicines Duties Act12. J. Bell, ‘On competition in the drug trade’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 March 1843), pp. 557–62. 13. J. Bell, ‘Competition in the drug trade’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 September 1843), pp. 97–102.14. Select Committee on Medical Poor Relief Committee 1844, Paper No. 531 (1844),Selected extracts.15. ‘Penalties under the Stamp Duties Acts’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1846), pp. 532–5.16. ‘Early Closing’, Chemist and Druggist (15 September 1866), p. 157.17. W. Glyn–Jones, Anti–Cutting Record (November 1895), pp. 1, 3, 5.18. ‘Anti–cutting’, Chemist and Druggist (2 May 1896), p. 643.19. ‘Anti–cutting movement’, Chemist and Druggist (2 May 1896), pp. 629–30.20. ‘Anti–cutting’, Chemist and Druggist (23 May 1896), p. 748.21. ‘Anti–cutting’, Chemist and Druggist (20 November 1897), p. 808.22. ‘Proprietary Articles Trade Association’, Chemist and Druggist (25 June 1898), pp. 1015–7.23. ‘Drug trade in the Victorian Era’, Chemist and Druggist (26 June 1897), pp. 995–8.24. ‘P.A.T.A. and its Defence Fund’, Pharmaceutical Journal (25 November 1899), pp. 516–7. 25. ‘Pharmacy and the drug trade in 1899’, Chemist and Druggist (30 December 1899), pp. 1059–64.26. ‘Chemists’ Defence Association’, Pharmaceutical Journal (24 March 1900), p. 330.Part 3. Counter prescribing 27. ‘The law against counter practice’, Lancet (11 September 1841), pp. 868–69.28. ‘Counter practice’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 December 1844), pp. 245–51.29. G. Dillon, ‘The Pharmacy Bill’, Lancet 1 (April 1852), pp. 482–3. 30. ‘Right of chemists and druggists to prescribe’, Pharmaceutical Journal (2 December 1861), pp. 297–8.31. ‘Confusion of medicine and pharmacy’, Pharmaceutical Journal (5 February 1876), pp. 627–8.32. ‘Prosecution under Apothecaries Act’, Pharmaceutical Journal (5 February 1876), p. 639. 33. ‘Limits of Counter Practice’, Chemist and Druggist (15 June 1878), pp. 269–70.34. ‘Prosecution under the Apothecaries Act’, Pharmaceutical Journal (9 November 1878), p. 361.35. ‘Sale of poisons by unqualified assistants of medical men’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 November 1890), pp. 353–4. Part 4 – Pharmacy and dentistry 36. ‘The Dental Profession’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 December 1856), pp. 301–3. 37. ‘Dentistry’, Chemist and Druggist (15 November 1870), pp. 325–6. 38. ‘Dental Practitioners Bill’, British Medical Journal 1 (2 March 1878), p. 307.39. An Act to amend the Law relating to Dental Practitioners (41 & 42 Vict. Chap. 33, 22 July 1878).40. ‘Foundation of Odontological Society and College of Dentists’, Historical Sketch (1880), p. 259. 41. ‘The supply of dentists’, Chemist and Druggist (15 April 1905), p. 585.42. ‘Dentists Bill’, Chemist and Druggist (23 July 1910), pp. 48–9.43. ‘Dental Bill’, Chemist and Druggist (30 July 1910), p. 210. 44. ‘Meeting of Chemist–extractors’, Chemist and Druggist (3 September 1910), p. 52.45. ‘Chemists’ Dental Society’, Chemist and Druggist (17 September 1910), pp. 45–6.Part 5. Pharmacy and optics 46. ‘Chemists and the spectacle trade’, Chemist and Druggist (15 July 1880), pp. 298–9.47. ‘Absurdities of Pharmacy Act’, Optician (15 March 1894), p. 240. 48. ‘Sale of chemical preparations’, Optician (30 August 1894), p. 190.49. ‘Opticians and medical profession’, Optician (14 February 1895), p. 307-8. 50. ‘Organising a British Optical Association’, Optician (14 March 1895), p. 365. 51. ‘Opticians as chemists’, Optician (10 October 1895), p. 312.52. ‘Opticians as chemists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (26 October 1895), p. 359. 53. ‘Opticians as chemists’, Optician (7 November 1895), pp. 82, 84, 86.54. ‘Optical classes’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 May 1897), p. 379. 55. ‘Certification of opticians’, Pharmaceutical Journal (3 September 1898), pp. 275–7. 56. ‘First optical examination of the Worshipful Company of Spectacle Makers’, Pharmaceutical Journal (12 November 1898), p. 517. 57. The chemist–optician: A survey of the theory and practice of visual optics, especially with reference to sight–testing and spectacle fitting (London: Chemist and Druggist, 1908), pp. v–vii. Part 6. Veterinary and agricultural pharmacy 58. ‘Fragmenta Veterinaria’, Chemist and Druggist (15 February 1860), p. 110–11. 59. ‘Veterinary qualifications’, Chemist and Druggist (22 September 1888), pp. 408–9. 60. ‘Pharmacy at Royal Agricultural Show’, Chemist and Druggist (4 July 1896), pp. 14–16.61. Veterinary Counter Practice: A Treatise on the Diseases of animals and the most suitable remedies for them, third edition (London: Chemist and Druggist, 1900), preface.62. ‘Killing dogs and cats’, in Veterinary Counter Practice: A Treatise on the Diseases of animals and the most suitable remedies for them, third edition (London: Chemist and Druggist, 1900), pp. 13–15. 63. ‘The title veterinary chemist’, in Veterinary Counter Practice: A Treatise on the Diseases of animals and the most suitable remedies for them, third edition (London: Chemist and Druggist, 1900), pp. 331–2. 64. ‘Veterinary Notes’, Chemist and Druggist (27 January 1900), pp. 162–3. 65. ‘Killing dogs and cats’, Chemists’ and Druggists’ Diary (1900), p. 528. 66. ‘Veterinary counter’, Chemist and Druggist (28 April, 1900), p. 708. Part 7. Pharmacy and photography 67. ‘Improved developer for negatives’, Photographic Journal (15 July 1862), pp. 95–6.68. ‘Photography’, Chemist and Druggist (15 January 1870), pp. 14–15. 69. ‘Photography: Export trade’, Chemist and Druggist (14 April 1870), p. 108. 70. ‘Photography and chemist and druggist’, Chemist and Druggist (3 July 1886), pp. 8–10.71. ‘Photographic Notes’, Chemist and Druggist (27 July 1889), pp. 127–8. 72. ‘Photographic Notes: dark room’, Chemist and Druggist (28 December 1889), pp. 890–1.73.‘Photographic Notes’, Chemist and Druggist (26 July 1890), pp. 113–14. 74. ‘Photography and “the Chemist and Druggist”’, Chemist and Druggist (23 August 1890), p. 270.75. ‘Pharmaceutical Society and photographic chemists’, British Journal of Photography (8 November 1895), pp. 713–14. 76. ‘Pharmaceutical Society again’, British Journal of Photography (24 December 1897), p. 820.77. ‘Projected Poisons Act’, British Journal of Photography (8 April 1898), p. 211.78. ‘New Poisons Bill’, British Journal of Photography (8 July 1898), pp. 436–7.79. ‘RPS and professional photographers, British Journal of Photography (10 March 1899), pp. 158–9. 80. ‘The chemist as photographic dealer’, British Journal of Photography (17 March 1899), p. 171.81. ‘Flutter in Films’, Chemist and Druggist (16 March 1901), p. 444. 82. ‘Radiography’, Chemists and Druggists Diary (London, 1900), p. 528. Part 8. Local pharmaceutical organisations 83. ‘Meeting at Bristol’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 August 1850), pp. 123–5.84. ‘Liverpool Chemists’ Association’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 September 1852), pp. 58–9.85. ‘Birmingham Pharmaceutical Institution’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 December 1853), pp. 274–7.86. ‘North British Branch of Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 November 1854), p. 209.87. ‘Manchester Chemists’ Conversational Society’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 November 1854), pp. 211–12. 88. ‘Colchester Druggists’ Association’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 August 1863), p. 58.89. ‘Pharmaceutical Society, Edinburgh’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 May 1864), pp. 548–50.90. ‘Nottingham Chemists’ Association’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 May 1864), p. 554.91. ‘Chemists Dinner, Cardiff’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 October 1870), p. 269.92. ‘Norwich Chemists’ Assistants’ Association’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 October 1870), p. 269.93. ‘Glasgow Chemists and Druggists Association’, Pharmaceutical Journal (24 January 1885), pp. 607–8.94. ‘Sheffield Pharmaceutical and Chemical Society’, Pharmaceutical Journal (24 January 1885), pp. 608–9.95. ‘Aberdeen Chemists’ Assistants and Apprentices’ Association’, Pharmaceutical Journal (17 January 1885), p. 589.96. ‘Edinburgh Chemists’ Assistants and Apprentices; Association’, Pharmaceutical Journal (17 January 1885), p. 589.IndexVolume 3. Drugs – From Plant Remedy to Pharmaceutical AcknowledgementsGeneral IntroductionIntroduction to Volume 3Part 1. Plants with active ingredients1. E. Stone, ‘An account of the Success of the Bark of the Willow in the Cure of Agues’, Philosophical Transactions (London: Royal Society, 1763), pp. 195–200. 2. W. Withering, ‘Introduction’, ‘An Account of the Introduction of Foxglove into modern practice’, and ‘Of the preparations and doses of the Foxglove’, in An Account of the Foxglove and some of its medical uses, (London: G. C. J. and J. Robinson, 1785), pp. xi-xx, 1-10, 179-923. J. Spence, ‘Practical Remarks on the Use of Digitalis in Consumption’, Medical repository, and review of American publications on medicine, surgery, and the auxiliary branches of philosophy, volume V (New York: Swords, 1802), pp. 17–21.4. H. Gerland, ‘New formation of salicylic acid’, Journal of the Chemical Society 5 (1852), pp. 133–6. 5. J. Pereira, ‘Cinchona’, in The Elements of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, volume 2 (London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longman, 1854), pp. 631–4.6. C. Bernard, ‘Études physiologiques sur quelques poisons américains: le curare’, La Revue des Deux Mondes, 1864, 53, pp. 164–90. (Trans. J. Black, ‘Claude Bernard on the action of curare’, British Medical Journal (4 September 1999), p. 622.7. C. A. Brown, and T. R. Fraser, ‘On the physiological action of the salts of the ammonium bases, derived from strychnia, brucia, thebaia, codeia, morphia, and nicotia’, Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh XXV (1869), pp. 151–54.8. T. Maclagan, ‘The treatment of rheumatism by salacin and salicylic acid’, British Medical Journal 1 (20 May 1876), p. 627. 9. T. R. Fraser, ‘Strophanthis hispidus: its natural history, chemistry, and pharmacology’, Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh XXXIV (1890), pp. 955–960.Part 2. Extracting active ingredients from plants 10. J. H. Dickson, ‘Vegetable alkalis’, Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal 18 (January 1822), pp. 151–9. 11. J. Elliotson, ‘Illustrations of the medical properties of Quinina’, Medico–Chururgical Transactions (1823), p. 543-549.12. W. Gregory, ‘On a process for preparing economically the muriate of opium’, Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal 35 (January 1831), p. 331–8. 13. C. Babbage, ‘Call to stop importing Peru bark’, in On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures (London: Charles Knight, 1832), pp. 380–1. 14. H. How, ‘On some new basic products obtained by the decomposition of vegetable alkaloids’, Quarterly Journal of the Chemical Society 6 (1853), pp. 125–30.Part 3. Chemical medicines15. J. Y. Simpson, ‘On a new anaesthetic agent, more efficient than sulphuric ether,’ Lancet (20 November 1847), pp. 549–50. 16. J. Syme, ‘On the use of ether in the performance of surgical operations,’ Monthly Journal of Medical Science (1847–48), pp. 73–6.17. F. C. Calvert, ‘On the therapeutic properties of carbolic acid’, Lancet 2 (1863), pp. 362–3. 18. T. L. Brunton, ‘On the use of nitrite of amyl in angina pectoris,’ Lancet 2 (1867), pp. 97–8. 19. J. Lister, ‘On the antiseptic principle in the practice of surgery’, Lancet 2 (1867), pp. 353–6. 20. J. Lister, ‘A method of antiseptic treatment applicable to wounded soldiers in the present war’, British Medical Journal 2 (3 September 1870), pp. 243–4.21. W. Murrell, ‘Nitro–glycerine as a remedy for angina pectoris,’ Lancet 1 (1879), pp. 80–1.22. J. G. McKendrick, J. Coats and D. Newman, ‘Report on the action of anaesthetics’, British Medical Journal 2 (18 December 1880), pp. 957–9.Part 4: Biological medicines23. E. Jenner, ‘Instructions for vaccine inoculation’, Medical repository, and review of American publications on medicine, surgery, and the auxiliary branches of philosophy, volume V (New York: Swords, 1802), pp. 483–5.24. Instructions for vaccine inoculation, commonly called vaccination (Philadelphia, 1807), pp. 3–7.25. G. R. Murray, ‘Note on the treatment of myxoedema by hypodermic injections of an extract of the thyroid gland of a sheep’, British Medical Journal 2 (10 October 1891), pp. 796–7. 26. ‘Report of the Lancet Special Commission on the relative strengths of diphtheria anti–toxic serums’, Lancet 2 (18 July 1896), pp. 182–3.27. ‘Patent for Diphtheria Antitoxin’, Lancet 2 (27 August 1898), pp. 559–60.Part 5. Pharmaceutical manufacturers 28. ‘List of New Chemical Medicines, T. Morson, 1821.29. Trade List, Allen and Hanburys (1850s), front cover.30. Product List, May and Baker Ltd, Chemist and Druggist (15 September 1859), p. xxxii.31. Mineral Waters, Allen and Hanburys Ltd (London: 1861), pp. 1–8.32. ‘Messrs Newberry’, Chemist and Druggist (15 January 1874), pp. 112–6.33. Priced Catalogue of Coated Pills (Brighton: A. H. Cox and Co., 1875), front cover. 34. ‘Visit to Messrs Allen and Hanbury’s works’, Chemist and Druggist (15 January 1880), pp. 14–15. 35. Medical Price List, Burroughs, Wellcome & Co, 188236. ‘Obituary, John May’, Chemist and Druggist (11 November 1893), p. 698-9. 37. ‘Obituary, Silas Burroughs’, Chemist and Druggist (16 February 1895), pp. 254–8. 38. ‘Opening of Wellcome Chemical Research Laboratories’, Pharmaceutical Journal (25 July 1896), pp. 78–9. 39. Howards & Sons product list, Chemist and Druggist, (7 January 1899), p.37.40. ‘Wellcome Physiological Research Laboratory’, Chemist and Druggist (11 November 1899), pp. 780–1. 41. ‘Obituary, Thomas Beecham’, Chemist and Druggist (13 April 1907), pp. 544–5. Part 6. Dosage form and drug administration 42. J. A. Paris, ‘An Analysis of the Art of Forming Medicinal Combinations’, in Pharmacologia, or, the history of medicinal substances: in order to enable the practitioner to prescribe them with efficacy, and elegance, and to dispense them with accuracy (London: Callow, 1812), pp. 9–16.43. ‘Brockedon’s Patent Process’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 May 1844), p. 554. 44. Specification of William Brockedon: Shaping pills, lozenges, and black lead by pressure in dies. Great Seal Patent Office, (London: George E. Eyre and William Spottiswoode, 1856).45. J. Snow, ‘On the inhalation of chloroform and ether, with description of an apparatus’, Lancet 1 (5 February 1848), pp. 177–80. 46. J. Snow, ‘Inhalation of chloroform and ether’, London Medical Gazette 6 (14 January 1848), pp. 74–6. 47. B. Woodcroft, ‘Titles of patents of invention: chronologically arranged from 2 March 1617 to 1 October 1852’, selected extracts.48. A. Wood, ‘Treatment of neuralgic pain by narcotic injections’, British Medical Journal 1 (28 August 1858), pp. 721–3. 49. ‘Legal queries: compressed medicines’, Chemist and Druggist (7 May 1892), p. 679. 50. P. MacEwan, ‘Capsules’, in Art of Dispensing, sixth edition (London: Chemist and Druggist, 1901), pp. 156–64. 51. P. MacEwan, ‘Cachets’, in Art of Dispensing, sixth edition (London: Chemist and Druggist, 1901), pp. 176–8. Part 7. Patent medicines and secret remedies 52. Medicines Duties Act (23 Geo. III, Cap. LXXIX, 1 September 1783) Schedule, p. 742.53. ‘On quackery and most effective means of checking its dangerous progress’, Medical and Physical Journal 1 (24 April 1799), pp. 337–40.54. ‘Composition of quack medicines’, Lancet 1 (5 October 1823), p. 30.55. ‘Composition of quack medicines’, Lancet 1 (12 October 1823), pp. 62–3.56. ‘Composition of quack medicines’, Lancet 1 (19 October 1823), p. 89.57. ‘Composition of quack medicines’, Lancet 1 (26 October 1823), p. 138.58. ‘Court of Common Pleas, Guildhall’, Lancet 2 (26 July 1834), p. 619-21.59. ‘Some late achievements of quackery’, London Medical Gazette 14 (26 July 1834), pp. 610–16.60. ‘Anti–Medical Quackery Society’, Lancet 1 (12 March 1836), pp. 948–9.61. ‘Anti–Medical Quackery Society’, Lancet 1 (19 March 1836), pp. 976–8.62. F. S. Garlick, ‘On mischief of self–administration of medicines’, Lancet 1 (13 March 1847), pp. 291–3. 63. ‘Patent medicines’, Lancet 1 (5 March 1870), p. 358.64. ‘Orange Quinine Wine’, Historical Sketch (1880), pp. 317–19. 65. ‘Patent medicine trade’, Chemist and Druggist (5 January 1889), pp. 17–18. 66. ‘Trademarks applied for’, Chemist and Druggist (23 April 1892), p. 582. Part 8. Medicines and poisoning 67. Sale of Arsenic Regulation Act 1851 (14 & 15 Vict. Chap. 13, 5 June 1851). 68. ‘Wholesale poisoning by arsenic at Bradford’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 December 1858), pp. 340–3. 69.‘Adulteration and poisoning’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 December 1858), pp. 297–301.70. ‘Poisoning by Strychnia’, Chemist and Druggist (14 May 1864), p. 73.71. ‘Alleged Death from chlorodyne’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 July 1864), p. 39.72. C. H. Fagge and T. Stevenson, ‘On application of physiological tests for certain organic poisons, and especially digitalis’, Proceedings of the Royal Society 14 (1865), pp. 270–4.73. ‘Is chlorodyne subject to medicine stamp?’ Pharmaceutical Journal (1 January 1866), pp. 385–6.74. ‘Sale of patent medicines containing poisons’, Pharmaceutical Journal (15 May 1880), pp. 919–20.75. ‘Sale of patent medicines containing poisons’, Pharmaceutical Journal (21 October 1882), p. 339. 76. ‘Death from overdose of Chlorodyne’, Pharmaceutical Journal (8 March 1884), p. 735.77. ‘Chlorodyne’, Lancet 1 (7 May 1892), pp. 1042–3.78. ‘Proprietary medicines’, Lancet 2 (17 December 1892), pp. 1411–12. 79. ‘Regulating sale of patent medicines’, Hansard, House of Commons Debates, vol. 9 (13 March 1893), cc. 1831–2. 80. A. E. Harris, ‘The fatal record of carbolic acid’, Lancet (28 November 1896), pp. 1519–20.81. ‘Poisonous proprietary medicines’, Lancet 1 (14 June 1902), p. 1268.Part 9. Drug purity and adulteration 82. F. Accum, ‘Attempt to discover the genuineness and purity of drugs and medical preparations’, Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts 2 (1798), pp. 118–22. 83. F. Accum, Treatise on Adulterations of Food and Culinary Poisons (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown 1820), pp. 23-9. 84. ‘Adulteration of drugs’, London Medical and Surgical Journal (14 February 1835), p. 87.85. J. Bell, ‘On adulteration of drugs’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 November 1841), pp. 253–7.86. J. Bell, ‘On adulteration of senna’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 August 1842), pp. 63–6.87. J. Pereira, ‘On adulteration of scammony’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 December 1844), pp. 267–9. 88. ‘Adulteration of drugs’, Lancet 1 (4 January 1851), p. 172.89. A. H. Hassall, Adulterations Detected, or Plain Instructions for the Discovery of Frauds of Food and Medicine (London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts 1857), pp. 1–11.90. ‘Adulteration Act’, Pharmaceutical Journal (7 June 1873), pp. 979–80.91. ‘Sale of Food and Drugs Act 1875’, Medical Times and Gazette (27 February 1875), pp. 228–9. 92.‘Sale of Food and Drugs Act 1875’, Medical Times and Gazette (27 February 1875), pp. 234–5.93. ‘Adulteration Act’, Historical Sketch (1880), pp. 297–9.Part 10. Medicine safety, quality and standards94. ‘Report of Scientific Committee on uses and physiological, therapeutical, and toxical effects of chloroform’, Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society, (1864), pp. 1-8.95. M. Kuborn, ‘Poisoning by stramonium and by Hyoscyamus’, British Medical Journal (19 May 1866), p. 523.96. ‘Abuse of chloral hydrate’, Quarterly Journal of Inebriety (January 1880), pp. 53–4.97. ‘Report of Hyderabad Chloroform Commission’, British Medical Journal 2 (12 December 1891), pp. 1265–8.98. ‘Report of Lancet Commission appointed to investigate subject of administration of chloroform and other anaesthetics’, Lancet (18 March 1893), pp. 629–30.99. D. J. Leach and W. Hunter, ‘An inquiry regarding importance of ill–effects following use of antipyrine, antifebrin, and phenacetin’, BMA Therapeutic Committee, British Medical Journal 1 (13 January 1894), pp. 85–90. 100. A. Chevallier, ‘On variable quality and strength of opium’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 August 1850), pp. 78–9.101. ‘Report by Pharmacopoeia Committee’, Minutes of the General Medical Council (16 June 1860), pp. 89-91. 102. British Pharmacopoeia, first edition (London, General Medical Council, 1864), pp. ix–xx.103. ‘Report by Pharmacopoeia Committee’, Minutes of the General Medical Council (2 July 1868), p. 224. 104. P. Squire, Companion to new edition of British Pharmacopoeia 1867, sixth edition (London: J. and A. Churchill, 1888), pp. vii–viii.105. W. Martindale and W. W. Westcott, Extra Pharmacopoeia, fifth edition (London: H. K. Lewis, 1883), pp. 3–5. 106.‘British Pharmacopoeia’, British Medical Journal 2 (10 December 1892), p. 1297. 107. D. J. Leach, N. Tirard and R. Stockman, ‘Approaching revision of the British Pharmacopoeia. Memorandum on the British Pharmacopoeia by the Therapeutics Committee of the British Medical Association, British Medical Journal 1 (8 June 1895) 1276–8.108. N. Tirard, ‘Pharmacy and the British Pharmacopoeia’, British Medical Journal 2 (23 December 1899), pp. 1727–8. 109. C. Umney, ‘The pharmacopoeia in its relations to pharmacists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (6 January 1900), p. 2. IndexVolume 4: World – From Corner Shop to Global StageAcknowledgementsGeneral IntroductionIntroduction to Volume 4Part 1: Pharmacy in public institutions 1. ‘Hospital dispensing’, Pharmaceutical Journal (20 August 1870), p. 149. 2. ‘Hospital dispensing’, Pharmaceutical Journal (20 April 1872), p. 851. 3. ‘Hospital medicines’, Chemist and Druggist (31 January 1891), pp. 172–3. 4. ‘A Danger in hospital dispensing’, Pharmaceutical Journal (12 December 1896), p. 515.5. ‘Sweating the dispenser’, Pharmaceutical Journal (27 March 1897), p. 285.6. ‘Plea for prison dispenser’, Pharmaceutical Journal (18 September 1897), p. 269.7. ‘Poor Law Dispensers’ Association, Pharmaceutical Journal (11 December 1897), p. 537.8. ‘Public Dispensers’ Association, Pharmaceutical Journal (11 December 1897), p. 537. Part 2: Pharmacy in the armed forces 9. J. Brewer, ‘Dispensers in Crimea’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 October 1855), pp. 187–8.10.‘Dispensing in regular army’, Chemist and Druggist (15 March 1878), p. 135. 11. ‘Army and navy dispensers’, Chemist and Druggist (14 August 1880), p. 369. 12. ‘Pharmacy in the army’, Historical Sketch (1880), p. 250. 13. ‘Army medical department’, Historical Sketch (1880), pp. 305–6. 14. ‘Military compounders of medicine’, Chemist and Druggist (7 July 1888), pp. 30–1. 15. ‘Military compounders of medicine’, Chemist and Druggist (14 July 1888), p. 61. 16. ‘Pharmacy in services’, Chemist and Druggist (22 September 1888), p. 397. 17. ‘Army Pharmaceutical Service’, Chemist and Druggist (13 January 1900), p. 71. 18. ‘Army Pharmaceutical Service’, Chemist and Druggist (20 January 1900), pp. 103–4.19. ‘Army dispensers’, Chemist and Druggist (27 January 1900), p. 126.Part 3: Pharmacy in British colonies 20. ‘Pharmacy in Barbados’, Chemist and Druggist (15 January 1880), p. 32.21. ‘Pharmacy in Fiji’, Chemist and Druggist, Australasian Supplement (October 1880), p. 44.22. ‘Pharmacy in Jamaica’, Chemist and Druggist (15 May 1884), pp. 206–7.23. ‘Pharmacy in Heligoland’, Chemist and Druggist (26 July 1890), pp. 108–9.24. ‘Pharmacy in Jamaica’, Chemist and Druggist (15 January 1885), p. 12. 25. ‘Gold Coast Drugs and Poisons Ordinance’, Gold Coast Gazette (1892), pp. 756–66.26. Burroughs, S. M., ‘Pharmacy at Gibraltar’, American Druggist and Pharmaceutical Record (1894), pp. 122–3. 27. ‘Pharmacy at home and abroad’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 December 1894), pp. 446-7.28. ‘Pharmacy Law at Gibraltar’, Pharmaceutical Journal (5 November 1898), p. 494.29. ‘Sale of Poisons in Hong Kong’, Pharmaceutical Journal (5 November 1898), p. 495.30. ‘Bylaws regarding Poisons’, Hong Kong Government Gazette (8 April 1904), Government Notification no. 243.31. ‘Ordinance to regulate pharmacy’, Hong Kong Government Gazette (26 June 1908), Government Notification no. 12.Part 4: Pharmacy in British India 32. ‘Indian hospitals and dispensaries’, Pharmaceutical Journal (12 December 1873), pp. 471–2.33. ‘Indigenous drugs’, Indian Medical Gazette (1 September 1879), pp. 260–2. 34. ‘Pharmaceutical assistants in India’, Pharmaceutical Journal (21 April 1882), p. 876.35. ‘Assistants in India’, Pharmaceutical Journal (28 April 1882), p. 896. 36. Burroughs, S. M., ‘Notes on travel’, Chemist and Druggist (15 March 1883), pp. 143–4. 37. Falck, J. A., ‘Pharmacy in India’, Chemist and Druggist (9 April 1887), pp. 441–2. 38. ‘Talk on Indian Drug Trade’, Chemist and Druggist (19 July 1890), p. 71. 39. ‘Supply of drugs from India’, Pharmaceutical Journal (9 December 1893), p. 464. 40. ‘Pharmaceutical education in India’, Chemist and Druggist (29 September 1894), p. 476.41. ‘India’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 December 1894), 446.42. ‘Proprietaries in India’, Chemist and Druggist (30 December 1899), p. 1077. 43. ‘British pharmacy in India’, Chemist and Druggist (25 January 1902), pp. 144–7. 44. ‘British pharmacy in India’, Chemist and Druggist (19 April 1902), pp. 620–2.45. ‘A Word from India’, Pharmaceutical Era (29 October 1903), pp. 446–7. 46. ‘Pharmacy in Calcutta’, Bulletin of Pharmacy (1904), pp. 280–4. 47. ‘Indian Pharmacy’, British Medical Journal 2 (6 October 1906), p. 887.Part 5. Pharmacy in the Dominions 48. ‘Pharmacy in Ireland’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 February 1842), pp. 387–90.49. ‘Pharmacy Act (Ireland) 1875’, Pharmaceutical Journal (25 September 1875), pp. 254–8.50. ‘Ireland’, Chemist and Druggist (22 September 1888), pp. 396–7.51. ‘Pharmaceutical Society of Ireland’, Chemist and Druggist (16 September 1899), pp. 475–8.52. ‘Pharmacy in Australia’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 September 1858), pp. 175–6.53. ‘Proposed intercolonial pharmaceutical congress’, Pharmaceutical Journal (19 June 1886), pp. 1073–4.54. ‘Pharmacy in Victoria’, Pharmaceutical Journal (31 May 1873), p. 960.55. ‘Pharmacy in Australia’, Chemist and Druggist (15 April 1884), pp. 158–9.56. ‘Latest Pharmacy Act’, Chemist and Druggist (8 December 1894), p. 821.57. ‘Pharmacy in New Zealand’, Chemist and Druggist (15 January 1880), p. 15.58. ‘Pharmacy in New Zealand’, Chemist and Druggist, Australasian Supplement (October 1880), pp. 43–4.59. J. B. Edwards, ‘Pharmacy in Canada’, Pharmaceutical Journal (December 1869), pp. 354–5.60. ‘Counter prescribing’, Canadian Pharmaceutical Journal (April 1876), pp. 329–31. 61. ‘Pharmacy Act 1884’, Canadian Pharmaceutical Journal (April 1884), pp. 124–6.62. ‘Pharmaceutical Notes from Cape Colony’, Chemist and Druggist (15 October 1885), pp; 600–1.63. Cape Town Pharmaceutical Society, Chemist and Druggist (5 March 1887), p. 291.64. ‘South African News’, Chemist and Druggist (19 February 1898), pp. 301–2. 65. ‘South African News’, Chemist and Druggist (16 September 1899), p. 474.Part 6. Standardizing pharmacy across the British world 66. W. B. O’Shaughnessy, The Bengal Pharmacopoeia, and general conspectus of medicinal plants, arranged according to the natural and therapeutical systems (Calcutta: Bishop's College Press, 1844), pp. iii–vii. 67. ‘Pharmacopoeia of India’, Indian Medical Gazette (1 January 1866), pp. 15–19. 68. E. J. Waring, Pharmacopoeia of India (London: W.H. Allen & Co., 1868), pp. v–xii.69. ‘Pharmacopoeia of India’, Pharmaceutical Journal (December 1868), pp. 373–5.70. F. A. Fluckiger and D. Hanbury, Pharmacographia: History of Principal Drugs of Vegetable Origin met with in Great Britain and British India (London: Macmillan, 1874), pp. v–viii. 71. W. Dymock, Pharmacographia Indica. A history of the principal drugs of vegetable origin, met with in British India (London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1890), pp. iii–iv.72. K. L. Dey, Indigenous Drugs of India: Short Descriptive Notices of the Principal Medicines, Both Vegetable and Mineral, in Common Use Among the Natives of India (Calcutta: Thacker, Spink & Co., 1896), pp. xxi–xxv. 73. ‘Report by Pharmacopoeia Committee’, Minutes of General Medical Council (London: GMC, 31 May 1898), XXXV, pp. 435–42. 74. ‘Indian and Colonial Addendum to BP 1898’, Lancet (10 December 1898), p. 1569.75. ‘Indian section of British Pharmacopoeia 1898’, Indian Medical Gazette 34 (April 1899), pp. 125–7. 76. ‘Report by Pharmacopoeia Committee’, Minutes of General Medical Council (London: GMC, 29 November 1899), XXXVI, pp. 744–54.77. ‘Report by Pharmacopoeia Committee’, Minutes of General Medical Council (London: GMC, 30 May 1900), XXXVII, pp. 503–9.78. W. Mair, ‘Imperial British pharmacopoeia: Notes on some Indian drugs’, Lancet 2 (4 August 1900), pp. 326–8.79. Indian and Colonial Addendum to BP 1898 (London: GMC, November 1900), pp. 1–59. 80. ‘Report by Pharmacopoeia Committee’, Minutes of General Medical Council (London: GMC, 30 November 1900), XXXVII, pp. 125–8.81. ‘Indian and Colonial Addendum to BP 1898’, British Medical Journal 2(8 December 1900), p. 1676.82. ‘Report by Pharmacopoeia Committee’, Minutes of General Medical Council (London: GMC, 3 December 1901), XXXVIII, pp. 143–4.Part 7. Britain and the global drug trade 83. J. Pereira, ‘On the formation of scientific committees for advancement of pharmacology’, Pharmaceutical Journal (July 1844), pp. 11–13. 84. ‘Chemical and Pharmaceutical Products’, Official Catalogue of the Great Exhibition (London: Spicer Brothers, 1851), pp. 184–99.85. ‘Supply of drugs to emigrant ships’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 March 1853), pp. 417–18. 86. ‘Export of drugs, medicines, etc, from the Port of London for 4 weeks’, Chemist and Druggist (15 April 1878), pp. 178–81. 87. ‘British Pharmaceutical Conference’, Chemist and Druggist (14 March 1885), pp. 156–57. 88. E. M. Holmes, ‘Some of drug exhibits at Colonial and Indian exhibition’, Pharmaceutical Journal (20 November 1886), pp. 405–11. 89. ‘Representative houses in the drug, chemical and allied trades’, British and Colonial Druggist (26 January 1889), pp. 82–3. 90. P. MacEwan, ‘Foreign experience for assistants’, in Art of Dispensing, sixth edition (London: Chemist and Druggist, 1901), pp. 399–400.91. ‘Report of the Pharmacopoeia Committee on the International Conference for the Unification of Pharmaceutical Formulas of Potent Drugs and Preparations’, Minutes of the General Medical Council (London: GMC, 1 November 1902), XXXIX, pp. 687–694.92. International Agreement respecting Unification for Pharmacopoeial Formulas for Potent Drugs signed at Brussels (London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, March 1907), pp. 1–19.Index

Stuart Anderson is emeritus professor in pharmacy history at the Centre for History in Public Health at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. He is the author of Pharmacy and Professionalization in the British Empire, 1780-1970 (Palgrave McMillan, 2021), and his book Pharmacopoeias, Drug Regulation, and Empire: Making Medicines Official in Britain’s Imperial World, 1681-1968 will be published by McGill-Queen’s University Press in 2024. He was the editor of Making Medicines: A Brief History of Pharmacy and Pharmaceuticals (Pharmaceutical Press, 2005) and is the editor of the international journal Pharmaceutical Historian. He is a past chair of the Society for the Social History of Medicine, a past president of the British Society for the History of Pharmacy and was president of the International Academy for the History of Pharmacy 2009 to 2017. He is a Fellow of both the Royal Pharmaceutical Society and the Royal Historical Society.

• Volume 1. Profession – From Apothecary to Pharmacist AcknowledgementsGeneral IntroductionIntroduction to Volume 1 Part 1. Apothecaries and chemists and druggists before 1841 1. J. M. Good, The History of Medicine so far as it relates to the Profession of the Apothecary from the earliest accounts to the present period (London: Printed for C. Dilly, T. Evatt and Co., 1795), pp. 146–72. 2. J. Bell and T. Redwood, ‘The Association of Apothecaries in 1812’, Historical Sketch of the Progress of Pharmacy (London: Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, 1880), pp. 68–70. 3. The Apothecaries Act 1815: An Act for Better Regulating the Practice of Apothecaries throughout England and Wales (55 Geo III. C.A.P. CXCIV, 12 July 1815), pp. 1–7.4. The Book of Trades (London: A. K. Newman, 1829) Entries for ‘Apothecary’ (p. 5) and ‘Chemist and Druggist’ (p. 30). 5. ‘Repeal of the Apothecaries Act: Abuses in the profession’, London Medical and Surgical Journal (13 April 1833), pp. 341–2. 6. ‘Medical Profession Bill’, Lancet 2 (27 March 1841), pp. 30–1. 7. ‘Petition from the London Society of Apothecaries’, Lancet 2 (10 April 1841), pp. 105–7.8. ‘Medicine and pharmacy’, Lancet 2 (9 April 1842), pp. 53–4.Part 2. Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, 1841–1880 9. ‘Lesson for prescribing druggists’, Lancet 2 (9 April 1842), pp. 51–3.10. ‘President’s address’, Pharmaceutical Journal (12 January 1842), pp. 391–4.11. Bill to regulate medical profession’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 April 1842), p. 505. 12. ‘Pharmacy in Great Britain, part 1’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 April 1842), p. 507–10.13. Definition of the term chemist and druggist’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 April 1842), p. 329–31. 14. ‘Progress of the Society’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 April 1842), p. 209–11. 15. ‘Laws and constitution of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 April 1842), p. 359–62. 16. ‘List of the founders’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 April 1842), pp. 363–4.17. ‘First annual meeting of the Pharmaceutical Society’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1842), pp. 633–48. 18. ‘Proposal for a College of Pharmacy’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1846), pp. 557–63.19. ‘The proper functions of a College of Pharmacy’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1846), pp. 387–9.20. ‘Evidence respecting pharmacy before the Parliamentary Committee’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1848), pp. 553–6.21. ‘The Apothecaries Act of 1815’. Provincial Medical and Surgical Journal (5 March 1851), pp. 138–9.22. ‘Licentiates of the College of Physicians’, Historical Sketch (1880), p. 299.23. ‘Proposed Interference by Medical Council’, Historical Sketch (1880), pp. 320–8. 24. ‘Deputation to Home Secretary’, Historical Sketch (1880), pp. 334–41.25. ‘Major Associates’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 February 1873), pp. 612–13.26. ‘Formation of a Chemists’ Defence Association’, Chemist and Druggist (15 July 1876), pp. 237–44.27. ‘W. D. Savage, ‘The relative positions of the apothecaries and the chemists and druggists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (15 April 1876), pp. 836–8. 28. ‘United Society of Chemists and Druggists’, Historical Sketch (1880), pp. 300–1. Part 3. Pharmacy legislation 29. Royal Charter of Incorporation, Granted to the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (London: Privy Council, 18 February 1843), pp. 1–9. 30. ‘Pharmacy Bill’, Hansard, House of Commons Debates, vol. 119 (17 March 1852), cc. 1218–22. 31. Pharmacy Act (15 & 16 Vict. Cap. LVI, 30 June 1852). 32. Medical Act: An Act to regulate the Qualifications of Practitioners in Medicine and Surgery (1858 Chapter 90, 2 August 1858), selected sections.33. Offences Against the Person Act (24 & 25 Vict. Chapter 100, 6 August 1861), selected sections.34. Second Reading of two Pharmacy Bills’, Hansard, House of Commons Debates, vol. 178 (29 March 1865), cc. 470–9. 35. ‘Report of the Pharmacy Bill Committee’, Minutes of the General Medical Council (London: 4 July 1868), pp. 260–5. 36. An Act to regulate the Sale of Poisons, and alter and amend the Pharmacy Act 1852 (31 & 52 Vict. Cap. CXXI, 31 July 1868).37. An Act to Amend the Pharmacy Act (31 & 32 Vict. Chapter 117, 11 August 1869).38. ‘On Pharmaceutical Legislation, 1868’, Historical Sketch (1880), pp. 344–56. 39. ‘Pharmacy Acts Amendment Bill’, Hansard, House of Lords Debates, vol. 323 (06 March 1888), cc. 328–30.40. Pharmacy Acts Amendment Act (61 & 62 Vict. Chapter 25, 25 July 1898).41. Supplemental Charter granted to the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (London: Privy Council, 27 March 1901), pp. 1–2. 42. An Act to regulate the sale of certain poisonous substances and to amend the Pharmacy Acts (Edw. 7 & 8. Chapter 55, 21 December 1908).Part 4. Women in pharmacy 43. ‘Women and pharmacy’, Minutes of the Library, Museum and Laboratory Committee, Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (9 October 1861), p. 126. 44. ‘Lady students’, Pharmaceutical Journal (5 October 1872), pp. 268–9.45. ‘Lady pharmacists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (12 October 1872), p. 294. 46. ‘Lady pharmacists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (16 November 1872), p. 390.47. ‘Women as chemists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (30 November 1872), pp. 423–4. 48. ‘Women as pharmacists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (31 December 1872), p. 489.49. ‘Women as pharmacists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (4 January 1873), p. 534. 50. ‘Pharmaceutical Women’, Pharmaceutical Journal (25 January 1873), p. 588–9. 51. ‘Women as pharmacists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 February 1873), p. 614. 52. ‘Pharmaceutical Women’, Pharmaceutical Journal (8 February 1873), pp. 629–31. 53. ‘Pharmaceutical Women’, Pharmaceutical Journal (22 February 1873), p. 679. 54. ‘Pharmaceutical Women’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 March 1873), p. 698–9.55. ‘Pharmaceutical Women’, Pharmaceutical Journal (8 March 1873), p. 720. 56. ‘Pharmaceutical Women’, Pharmaceutical Journal (15 March 1873), p. 738-9. 57. ‘Women in pharmacy’, Pharmaceutical Journal (5 April 1873), p. 800. 58. ‘Pharmaceutical Women’, Pharmaceutical Journal (26 April 1873), p. 860. 59. ‘Women in pharmacy’, Pharmaceutical Journal (24 May 1873), pp. 936–941. 60. ‘Admission of women as members’, Pharmaceutical Journal (31 May 1873), p. 968. 61. ‘Admission of women to medical profession’, Lancet 2 (7 August 1875), p. 213. 62. ‘Women in pharmacy’, Canadian Pharmaceutical Journal 9 (1875–76), pp. 299–300. 63. ‘Lady pharmacists’, Chemist and Druggist (30 July 1892), pp. 143–6. 64. M. Buchanan, ‘The present position of women in pharmacy’, Pharmaceutical Journal (23 May 1908), pp. 675–8. Part 5. Education and qualifications 65. ‘The late regulations at Apothecaries’ Hall’, London Medical and Surgical Journal (16 May 1835), pp. 505–7.66. ‘Opening of the school of pharmacy’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1842), p. 649.67. J. Bell, ‘On voluntary and compulsory education’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 November 1843), pp. 193–5.68. ‘The Examination of chemists and druggists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1846), pp. 529–32.69. ‘The Examinations of the Pharmaceutical Society’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 January 1848), pp. 297–300.70. ‘The Qualifications and Remuneration of Assistants’, Pharmaceutical Journal (24 August 1872), p. 147.71. P. Princep, ‘Examinations of the Pharmaceutical Society and How to Study for them’, Chemist and Druggist (15 March 1878), pp. 96–9.72. ‘Schedule of subjects of the minor examination, effective July 1891’, Calendar of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (London: Pharmaceutical Society, 1891), pp. 210–5. 73. ‘New examination regulations,’ Pharmaceutical Journal (21 November 1891), pp. 407–8.74. G. S. V. Wills, ‘Concerning examinations’, in A Jubilee Souvenir: The Work of G.S.V. Wills and the Westminster College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, (Stratford–on–Avon: Wilson and Whitworth, 1899), pp. 131–41. 75. G. S. V. Wills, ‘Attempt to enforce a curriculum’, in A Jubilee Souvenir: The Work of G.S.V. Wills and the Westminster College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, (Stratford–on–Avon: Wilson and Whitworth, 1899), pp. 142–51. 76. ‘Qualification of dispensers’, Pharmaceutical Journal (15 February 1902), pp.122–3.Part 6. Pharmacy curriculum and texts 77. A. Duncan, Jr, Edinburgh New Dispensatory... including complete ... translations of the ... London pharmacopoeia, published in 1791; Dublin pharmacopoeia, published in 1794; and of the new ed. of the Edinburgh pharmacopoeia (Edinburgh: Bell and Bradfute, 1803), preface, pp. v–x.78. A. Thomson, ‘Introductory lecture on materia medica’, Pharmaceutical Journal(1 June 1842), pp. 466–70.79. A. Ure, ‘Introductory lecture on chemistry’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1842), pp. 524–9.80. T. Redwood, ‘Introductory lecture on practical pharmacy’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1842), pp. 538–41.81. J. Pereira, ‘Introductory lecture on materia medica’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1842), pp. 565–71.82. J. Pereira, ‘Pharmacological remedies’, in The Elements of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, comprehending the natural history, preparation, properties, composition, effects and uses of medicines, volume 1 (London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, 1849), pp. 79–86.83. F. Mohr and T. Redwood, ‘Preface’, in Practical Pharmacy: the arrangements, apparatus, and manipulations of the pharmaceutical shop and laboratory (Philadelphia: Lea and Blanchard, 1849), pp. vii–viii.84. F. Mohr and T. Redwood, ‘Division of the Shop into Compartments’ and ‘Dispensing Counter’, in Practical Pharmacy: the arrangements, apparatus, and manipulations of the pharmaceutical shop and laboratory (Philadelphia: Lea and Blanchard, 1849), pp. 14–24.85. F. Mohr and T. Redwood, ‘The dispensing of medicines’, in Practical Pharmacy: the arrangements, apparatus, and manipulations of the pharmaceutical shop and laboratory (Philadelphia: Lea and Blanchard, 1849), pp. 325–36. 86. A. T. Thomson, ‘Elements of pharmacy’, in The London Dispensatory: a practical synopsis of materia medica, pharmacy, and therapeutics: illustrated with many useful tables, and woodcuts of the pharmaceutical apparatus (London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1852), pp. v–vii.87. J. Muter, ‘Modern theories of chemistry’, in Introduction to pharmaceutical and medical chemistry (London: South London School of Pharmacy, 1874), pp. 1–28. 88. J. T. Royle, ‘Introduction’, in Manual of Materia Medica and Therapeutics: including the preparations of the British Pharmacopoeia and other approved medicines (London: John Churchill, 1876), pp. 1–4. 89. J. T. Royle, ‘Operations of Pharmacy’, in Manual of Materia Medica and Therapeutics: including the preparations of the British Pharmacopoeia and other approved medicines (London: John Churchill, 1876), pp. 5–20.90. G. S. V. Wills, ‘Preface’, in A Manual of Vegetable Materia Medica, sixth edition, (London: Simpkin, Marshall and Co), 1883, p. i.91. G. S. V. Wills, ‘Questions in Materia Medica’, in A Manual of Vegetable Materia Medica, sixth edition, (London: Simpkin, Marshall and Co., 1883), pp. 115–6,148–49. IndexVolume 2. Practice – From Proprietor to Company Chemist AcknowledgementsGeneral IntroductionIntroduction to Volume 2Part 1. The origin of company chemists 1. ‘Cooperative stores and the sale of poisons’, Chemist and Druggist (15 June 1878), pp. 270–1.2. ‘Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v The London and Provincial Supply Association’ (Court Proceedings), Pharmaceutical Journal (24 July 1880), pp. 65–80.3. ‘Appeal Case in House of Lords’, Pharmaceutical Journal (24 July 1880), pp. 81–2.4. J. Attfield, ‘The future supply of drugs to the public: the relations of the state to pharmacy’, Pharmaceutical Journal (22 November 1883), pp. 228–36. 5. ‘Company pharmacy’, Chemist and Druggist (2 December 1893), p. 809.6. ‘Company pharmacy’, Chemist and Druggist (9 December 1893), p. 841.7. ‘Company pharmacy’, Chemist and Druggist (16 December 1893), p. 873.8. ‘Company pharmacy’, Chemist and Druggist (23 December 1893), pp. 894–5.9. ‘Company pharmacy’, Chemist and Druggist (23 December 1893), pp. 903–4.10. ‘Company chemists’, Chemist and Druggist (30 January 1897), pp. 163–4.Part 2. The drug trade 11. Medicines Duties Act12. J. Bell, ‘On competition in the drug trade’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 March 1843), pp. 557–62. 13. J. Bell, ‘Competition in the drug trade’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 September 1843), pp. 97–102.14. Select Committee on Medical Poor Relief Committee 1844, Paper No. 531 (1844),Selected extracts.15. ‘Penalties under the Stamp Duties Acts’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1846), pp. 532–5.16. ‘Early Closing’, Chemist and Druggist (15 September 1866), p. 157.17. W. Glyn–Jones, Anti–Cutting Record (November 1895), pp. 1, 3, 5.18. ‘Anti–cutting’, Chemist and Druggist (2 May 1896), p. 643.19. ‘Anti–cutting movement’, Chemist and Druggist (2 May 1896), pp. 629–30.20. ‘Anti–cutting’, Chemist and Druggist (23 May 1896), p. 748.21. ‘Anti–cutting’, Chemist and Druggist (20 November 1897), p. 808.22. ‘Proprietary Articles Trade Association’, Chemist and Druggist (25 June 1898), pp. 1015–7.23. ‘Drug trade in the Victorian Era’, Chemist and Druggist (26 June 1897), pp. 995–8.24. ‘P.A.T.A. and its Defence Fund’, Pharmaceutical Journal (25 November 1899), pp. 516–7. 25. ‘Pharmacy and the drug trade in 1899’, Chemist and Druggist (30 December 1899), pp. 1059–64.26. ‘Chemists’ Defence Association’, Pharmaceutical Journal (24 March 1900), p. 330.Part 3. Counter prescribing 27. ‘The law against counter practice’, Lancet (11 September 1841), pp. 868–69.28. ‘Counter practice’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 December 1844), pp. 245–51.29. G. Dillon, ‘The Pharmacy Bill’, Lancet 1 (April 1852), pp. 482–3. 30. ‘Right of chemists and druggists to prescribe’, Pharmaceutical Journal (2 December 1861), pp. 297–8.31. ‘Confusion of medicine and pharmacy’, Pharmaceutical Journal (5 February 1876), pp. 627–8.32. ‘Prosecution under Apothecaries Act’, Pharmaceutical Journal (5 February 1876), p. 639. 33. ‘Limits of Counter Practice’, Chemist and Druggist (15 June 1878), pp. 269–70.34. ‘Prosecution under the Apothecaries Act’, Pharmaceutical Journal (9 November 1878), p. 361.35. ‘Sale of poisons by unqualified assistants of medical men’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 November 1890), pp. 353–4. Part 4 – Pharmacy and dentistry 36. ‘The Dental Profession’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 December 1856), pp. 301–3. 37. ‘Dentistry’, Chemist and Druggist (15 November 1870), pp. 325–6. 38. ‘Dental Practitioners Bill’, British Medical Journal 1 (2 March 1878), p. 307.39. An Act to amend the Law relating to Dental Practitioners (41 & 42 Vict. Chap. 33, 22 July 1878).40. ‘Foundation of Odontological Society and College of Dentists’, Historical Sketch (1880), p. 259. 41. ‘The supply of dentists’, Chemist and Druggist (15 April 1905), p. 585.42. ‘Dentists Bill’, Chemist and Druggist (23 July 1910), pp. 48–9.43. ‘Dental Bill’, Chemist and Druggist (30 July 1910), p. 210. 44. ‘Meeting of Chemist–extractors’, Chemist and Druggist (3 September 1910), p. 52.45. ‘Chemists’ Dental Society’, Chemist and Druggist (17 September 1910), pp. 45–6.Part 5. Pharmacy and optics 46. ‘Chemists and the spectacle trade’, Chemist and Druggist (15 July 1880), pp. 298–9.47. ‘Absurdities of Pharmacy Act’, Optician (15 March 1894), p. 240. 48. ‘Sale of chemical preparations’, Optician (30 August 1894), p. 190.49. ‘Opticians and medical profession’, Optician (14 February 1895), p. 307-8. 50. ‘Organising a British Optical Association’, Optician (14 March 1895), p. 365. 51. ‘Opticians as chemists’, Optician (10 October 1895), p. 312.52. ‘Opticians as chemists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (26 October 1895), p. 359. 53. ‘Opticians as chemists’, Optician (7 November 1895), pp. 82, 84, 86.54. ‘Optical classes’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 May 1897), p. 379. 55. ‘Certification of opticians’, Pharmaceutical Journal (3 September 1898), pp. 275–7. 56. ‘First optical examination of the Worshipful Company of Spectacle Makers’, Pharmaceutical Journal (12 November 1898), p. 517. 57. The chemist–optician: A survey of the theory and practice of visual optics, especially with reference to sight–testing and spectacle fitting (London: Chemist and Druggist, 1908), pp. v–vii. Part 6. Veterinary and agricultural pharmacy 58. ‘Fragmenta Veterinaria’, Chemist and Druggist (15 February 1860), p. 110–11. 59. ‘Veterinary qualifications’, Chemist and Druggist (22 September 1888), pp. 408–9. 60. ‘Pharmacy at Royal Agricultural Show’, Chemist and Druggist (4 July 1896), pp. 14–16.61. Veterinary Counter Practice: A Treatise on the Diseases of animals and the most suitable remedies for them, third edition (London: Chemist and Druggist, 1900), preface.62. ‘Killing dogs and cats’, in Veterinary Counter Practice: A Treatise on the Diseases of animals and the most suitable remedies for them, third edition (London: Chemist and Druggist, 1900), pp. 13–15. 63. ‘The title veterinary chemist’, in Veterinary Counter Practice: A Treatise on the Diseases of animals and the most suitable remedies for them, third edition (London: Chemist and Druggist, 1900), pp. 331–2. 64. ‘Veterinary Notes’, Chemist and Druggist (27 January 1900), pp. 162–3. 65. ‘Killing dogs and cats’, Chemists’ and Druggists’ Diary (1900), p. 528. 66. ‘Veterinary counter’, Chemist and Druggist (28 April, 1900), p. 708. Part 7. Pharmacy and photography 67. ‘Improved developer for negatives’, Photographic Journal (15 July 1862), pp. 95–6.68. ‘Photography’, Chemist and Druggist (15 January 1870), pp. 14–15. 69. ‘Photography: Export trade’, Chemist and Druggist (14 April 1870), p. 108. 70. ‘Photography and chemist and druggist’, Chemist and Druggist (3 July 1886), pp. 8–10.71. ‘Photographic Notes’, Chemist and Druggist (27 July 1889), pp. 127–8. 72. ‘Photographic Notes: dark room’, Chemist and Druggist (28 December 1889), pp. 890–1.73.‘Photographic Notes’, Chemist and Druggist (26 July 1890), pp. 113–14. 74. ‘Photography and “the Chemist and Druggist”’, Chemist and Druggist (23 August 1890), p. 270.75. ‘Pharmaceutical Society and photographic chemists’, British Journal of Photography (8 November 1895), pp. 713–14. 76. ‘Pharmaceutical Society again’, British Journal of Photography (24 December 1897), p. 820.77. ‘Projected Poisons Act’, British Journal of Photography (8 April 1898), p. 211.78. ‘New Poisons Bill’, British Journal of Photography (8 July 1898), pp. 436–7.79. ‘RPS and professional photographers, British Journal of Photography (10 March 1899), pp. 158–9. 80. ‘The chemist as photographic dealer’, British Journal of Photography (17 March 1899), p. 171.81. ‘Flutter in Films’, Chemist and Druggist (16 March 1901), p. 444. 82. ‘Radiography’, Chemists and Druggists Diary (London, 1900), p. 528. Part 8. Local pharmaceutical organisations 83. ‘Meeting at Bristol’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 August 1850), pp. 123–5.84. ‘Liverpool Chemists’ Association’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 September 1852), pp. 58–9.85. ‘Birmingham Pharmaceutical Institution’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 December 1853), pp. 274–7.86. ‘North British Branch of Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 November 1854), p. 209.87. ‘Manchester Chemists’ Conversational Society’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 November 1854), pp. 211–12. 88. ‘Colchester Druggists’ Association’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 August 1863), p. 58.89. ‘Pharmaceutical Society, Edinburgh’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 May 1864), pp. 548–50.90. ‘Nottingham Chemists’ Association’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 May 1864), p. 554.91. ‘Chemists Dinner, Cardiff’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 October 1870), p. 269.92. ‘Norwich Chemists’ Assistants’ Association’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 October 1870), p. 269.93. ‘Glasgow Chemists and Druggists Association’, Pharmaceutical Journal (24 January 1885), pp. 607–8.94. ‘Sheffield Pharmaceutical and Chemical Society’, Pharmaceutical Journal (24 January 1885), pp. 608–9.95. ‘Aberdeen Chemists’ Assistants and Apprentices’ Association’, Pharmaceutical Journal (17 January 1885), p. 589.96. ‘Edinburgh Chemists’ Assistants and Apprentices; Association’, Pharmaceutical Journal (17 January 1885), p. 589.IndexVolume 3. Drugs – From Plant Remedy to Pharmaceutical AcknowledgementsGeneral IntroductionIntroduction to Volume 3Part 1. Plants with active ingredients1. E. Stone, ‘An account of the Success of the Bark of the Willow in the Cure of Agues’, Philosophical Transactions (London: Royal Society, 1763), pp. 195–200. 2. W. Withering, ‘Introduction’, ‘An Account of the Introduction of Foxglove into modern practice’, and ‘Of the preparations and doses of the Foxglove’, in An Account of the Foxglove and some of its medical uses, (London: G. C. J. and J. Robinson, 1785), pp. xi-xx, 1-10, 179-923. J. Spence, ‘Practical Remarks on the Use of Digitalis in Consumption’, Medical repository, and review of American publications on medicine, surgery, and the auxiliary branches of philosophy, volume V (New York: Swords, 1802), pp. 17–21.4. H. Gerland, ‘New formation of salicylic acid’, Journal of the Chemical Society 5 (1852), pp. 133–6. 5. J. Pereira, ‘Cinchona’, in The Elements of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, volume 2 (London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longman, 1854), pp. 631–4.6. C. Bernard, ‘Études physiologiques sur quelques poisons américains: le curare’, La Revue des Deux Mondes, 1864, 53, pp. 164–90. (Trans. J. Black, ‘Claude Bernard on the action of curare’, British Medical Journal (4 September 1999), p. 622.7. C. A. Brown, and T. R. Fraser, ‘On the physiological action of the salts of the ammonium bases, derived from strychnia, brucia, thebaia, codeia, morphia, and nicotia’, Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh XXV (1869), pp. 151–54.8. T. Maclagan, ‘The treatment of rheumatism by salacin and salicylic acid’, British Medical Journal 1 (20 May 1876), p. 627. 9. T. R. Fraser, ‘Strophanthis hispidus: its natural history, chemistry, and pharmacology’, Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh XXXIV (1890), pp. 955–960.Part 2. Extracting active ingredients from plants 10. J. H. Dickson, ‘Vegetable alkalis’, Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal 18 (January 1822), pp. 151–9. 11. J. Elliotson, ‘Illustrations of the medical properties of Quinina’, Medico–Chururgical Transactions (1823), p. 543-549.12. W. Gregory, ‘On a process for preparing economically the muriate of opium’, Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal 35 (January 1831), p. 331–8. 13. C. Babbage, ‘Call to stop importing Peru bark’, in On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures (London: Charles Knight, 1832), pp. 380–1. 14. H. How, ‘On some new basic products obtained by the decomposition of vegetable alkaloids’, Quarterly Journal of the Chemical Society 6 (1853), pp. 125–30.Part 3. Chemical medicines15. J. Y. Simpson, ‘On a new anaesthetic agent, more efficient than sulphuric ether,’ Lancet (20 November 1847), pp. 549–50. 16. J. Syme, ‘On the use of ether in the performance of surgical operations,’ Monthly Journal of Medical Science (1847–48), pp. 73–6.17. F. C. Calvert, ‘On the therapeutic properties of carbolic acid’, Lancet 2 (1863), pp. 362–3. 18. T. L. Brunton, ‘On the use of nitrite of amyl in angina pectoris,’ Lancet 2 (1867), pp. 97–8. 19. J. Lister, ‘On the antiseptic principle in the practice of surgery’, Lancet 2 (1867), pp. 353–6. 20. J. Lister, ‘A method of antiseptic treatment applicable to wounded soldiers in the present war’, British Medical Journal 2 (3 September 1870), pp. 243–4.21. W. Murrell, ‘Nitro–glycerine as a remedy for angina pectoris,’ Lancet 1 (1879), pp. 80–1.22. J. G. McKendrick, J. Coats and D. Newman, ‘Report on the action of anaesthetics’, British Medical Journal 2 (18 December 1880), pp. 957–9.Part 4: Biological medicines23. E. Jenner, ‘Instructions for vaccine inoculation’, Medical repository, and review of American publications on medicine, surgery, and the auxiliary branches of philosophy, volume V (New York: Swords, 1802), pp. 483–5.24. Instructions for vaccine inoculation, commonly called vaccination (Philadelphia, 1807), pp. 3–7.25. G. R. Murray, ‘Note on the treatment of myxoedema by hypodermic injections of an extract of the thyroid gland of a sheep’, British Medical Journal 2 (10 October 1891), pp. 796–7. 26. ‘Report of the Lancet Special Commission on the relative strengths of diphtheria anti–toxic serums’, Lancet 2 (18 July 1896), pp. 182–3.27. ‘Patent for Diphtheria Antitoxin’, Lancet 2 (27 August 1898), pp. 559–60.Part 5. Pharmaceutical manufacturers 28. ‘List of New Chemical Medicines, T. Morson, 1821.29. Trade List, Allen and Hanburys (1850s), front cover.30. Product List, May and Baker Ltd, Chemist and Druggist (15 September 1859), p. xxxii.31. Mineral Waters, Allen and Hanburys Ltd (London: 1861), pp. 1–8.32. ‘Messrs Newberry’, Chemist and Druggist (15 January 1874), pp. 112–6.33. Priced Catalogue of Coated Pills (Brighton: A. H. Cox and Co., 1875), front cover. 34. ‘Visit to Messrs Allen and Hanbury’s works’, Chemist and Druggist (15 January 1880), pp. 14–15. 35. Medical Price List, Burroughs, Wellcome & Co, 188236. ‘Obituary, John May’, Chemist and Druggist (11 November 1893), p. 698-9. 37. ‘Obituary, Silas Burroughs’, Chemist and Druggist (16 February 1895), pp. 254–8. 38. ‘Opening of Wellcome Chemical Research Laboratories’, Pharmaceutical Journal (25 July 1896), pp. 78–9. 39. Howards & Sons product list, Chemist and Druggist, (7 January 1899), p.37.40. ‘Wellcome Physiological Research Laboratory’, Chemist and Druggist (11 November 1899), pp. 780–1. 41. ‘Obituary, Thomas Beecham’, Chemist and Druggist (13 April 1907), pp. 544–5. Part 6. Dosage form and drug administration 42. J. A. Paris, ‘An Analysis of the Art of Forming Medicinal Combinations’, in Pharmacologia, or, the history of medicinal substances: in order to enable the practitioner to prescribe them with efficacy, and elegance, and to dispense them with accuracy (London: Callow, 1812), pp. 9–16.43. ‘Brockedon’s Patent Process’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 May 1844), p. 554. 44. Specification of William Brockedon: Shaping pills, lozenges, and black lead by pressure in dies. Great Seal Patent Office, (London: George E. Eyre and William Spottiswoode, 1856).45. J. Snow, ‘On the inhalation of chloroform and ether, with description of an apparatus’, Lancet 1 (5 February 1848), pp. 177–80. 46. J. Snow, ‘Inhalation of chloroform and ether’, London Medical Gazette 6 (14 January 1848), pp. 74–6. 47. B. Woodcroft, ‘Titles of patents of invention: chronologically arranged from 2 March 1617 to 1 October 1852’, selected extracts.48. A. Wood, ‘Treatment of neuralgic pain by narcotic injections’, British Medical Journal 1 (28 August 1858), pp. 721–3. 49. ‘Legal queries: compressed medicines’, Chemist and Druggist (7 May 1892), p. 679. 50. P. MacEwan, ‘Capsules’, in Art of Dispensing, sixth edition (London: Chemist and Druggist, 1901), pp. 156–64. 51. P. MacEwan, ‘Cachets’, in Art of Dispensing, sixth edition (London: Chemist and Druggist, 1901), pp. 176–8. Part 7. Patent medicines and secret remedies 52. Medicines Duties Act (23 Geo. III, Cap. LXXIX, 1 September 1783) Schedule, p. 742.53. ‘On quackery and most effective means of checking its dangerous progress’, Medical and Physical Journal 1 (24 April 1799), pp. 337–40.54. ‘Composition of quack medicines’, Lancet 1 (5 October 1823), p. 30.55. ‘Composition of quack medicines’, Lancet 1 (12 October 1823), pp. 62–3.56. ‘Composition of quack medicines’, Lancet 1 (19 October 1823), p. 89.57. ‘Composition of quack medicines’, Lancet 1 (26 October 1823), p. 138.58. ‘Court of Common Pleas, Guildhall’, Lancet 2 (26 July 1834), p. 619-21.59. ‘Some late achievements of quackery’, London Medical Gazette 14 (26 July 1834), pp. 610–16.60. ‘Anti–Medical Quackery Society’, Lancet 1 (12 March 1836), pp. 948–9.61. ‘Anti–Medical Quackery Society’, Lancet 1 (19 March 1836), pp. 976–8.62. F. S. Garlick, ‘On mischief of self–administration of medicines’, Lancet 1 (13 March 1847), pp. 291–3. 63. ‘Patent medicines’, Lancet 1 (5 March 1870), p. 358.64. ‘Orange Quinine Wine’, Historical Sketch (1880), pp. 317–19. 65. ‘Patent medicine trade’, Chemist and Druggist (5 January 1889), pp. 17–18. 66. ‘Trademarks applied for’, Chemist and Druggist (23 April 1892), p. 582. Part 8. Medicines and poisoning 67. Sale of Arsenic Regulation Act 1851 (14 & 15 Vict. Chap. 13, 5 June 1851). 68. ‘Wholesale poisoning by arsenic at Bradford’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 December 1858), pp. 340–3. 69.‘Adulteration and poisoning’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 December 1858), pp. 297–301.70. ‘Poisoning by Strychnia’, Chemist and Druggist (14 May 1864), p. 73.71. ‘Alleged Death from chlorodyne’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 July 1864), p. 39.72. C. H. Fagge and T. Stevenson, ‘On application of physiological tests for certain organic poisons, and especially digitalis’, Proceedings of the Royal Society 14 (1865), pp. 270–4.73. ‘Is chlorodyne subject to medicine stamp?’ Pharmaceutical Journal (1 January 1866), pp. 385–6.74. ‘Sale of patent medicines containing poisons’, Pharmaceutical Journal (15 May 1880), pp. 919–20.75. ‘Sale of patent medicines containing poisons’, Pharmaceutical Journal (21 October 1882), p. 339. 76. ‘Death from overdose of Chlorodyne’, Pharmaceutical Journal (8 March 1884), p. 735.77. ‘Chlorodyne’, Lancet 1 (7 May 1892), pp. 1042–3.78. ‘Proprietary medicines’, Lancet 2 (17 December 1892), pp. 1411–12. 79. ‘Regulating sale of patent medicines’, Hansard, House of Commons Debates, vol. 9 (13 March 1893), cc. 1831–2. 80. A. E. Harris, ‘The fatal record of carbolic acid’, Lancet (28 November 1896), pp. 1519–20.81. ‘Poisonous proprietary medicines’, Lancet 1 (14 June 1902), p. 1268.Part 9. Drug purity and adulteration 82. F. Accum, ‘Attempt to discover the genuineness and purity of drugs and medical preparations’, Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts 2 (1798), pp. 118–22. 83. F. Accum, Treatise on Adulterations of Food and Culinary Poisons (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown 1820), pp. 23-9. 84. ‘Adulteration of drugs’, London Medical and Surgical Journal (14 February 1835), p. 87.85. J. Bell, ‘On adulteration of drugs’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 November 1841), pp. 253–7.86. J. Bell, ‘On adulteration of senna’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 August 1842), pp. 63–6.87. J. Pereira, ‘On adulteration of scammony’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 December 1844), pp. 267–9. 88. ‘Adulteration of drugs’, Lancet 1 (4 January 1851), p. 172.89. A. H. Hassall, Adulterations Detected, or Plain Instructions for the Discovery of Frauds of Food and Medicine (London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts 1857), pp. 1–11.90. ‘Adulteration Act’, Pharmaceutical Journal (7 June 1873), pp. 979–80.91. ‘Sale of Food and Drugs Act 1875’, Medical Times and Gazette (27 February 1875), pp. 228–9. 92.‘Sale of Food and Drugs Act 1875’, Medical Times and Gazette (27 February 1875), pp. 234–5.93. ‘Adulteration Act’, Historical Sketch (1880), pp. 297–9.Part 10. Medicine safety, quality and standards94. ‘Report of Scientific Committee on uses and physiological, therapeutical, and toxical effects of chloroform’, Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society, (1864), pp. 1-8.95. M. Kuborn, ‘Poisoning by stramonium and by Hyoscyamus’, British Medical Journal (19 May 1866), p. 523.96. ‘Abuse of chloral hydrate’, Quarterly Journal of Inebriety (January 1880), pp. 53–4.97. ‘Report of Hyderabad Chloroform Commission’, British Medical Journal 2 (12 December 1891), pp. 1265–8.98. ‘Report of Lancet Commission appointed to investigate subject of administration of chloroform and other anaesthetics’, Lancet (18 March 1893), pp. 629–30.99. D. J. Leach and W. Hunter, ‘An inquiry regarding importance of ill–effects following use of antipyrine, antifebrin, and phenacetin’, BMA Therapeutic Committee, British Medical Journal 1 (13 January 1894), pp. 85–90. 100. A. Chevallier, ‘On variable quality and strength of opium’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 August 1850), pp. 78–9.101. ‘Report by Pharmacopoeia Committee’, Minutes of the General Medical Council (16 June 1860), pp. 89-91. 102. British Pharmacopoeia, first edition (London, General Medical Council, 1864), pp. ix–xx.103. ‘Report by Pharmacopoeia Committee’, Minutes of the General Medical Council (2 July 1868), p. 224. 104. P. Squire, Companion to new edition of British Pharmacopoeia 1867, sixth edition (London: J. and A. Churchill, 1888), pp. vii–viii.105. W. Martindale and W. W. Westcott, Extra Pharmacopoeia, fifth edition (London: H. K. Lewis, 1883), pp. 3–5. 106.‘British Pharmacopoeia’, British Medical Journal 2 (10 December 1892), p. 1297. 107. D. J. Leach, N. Tirard and R. Stockman, ‘Approaching revision of the British Pharmacopoeia. Memorandum on the British Pharmacopoeia by the Therapeutics Committee of the British Medical Association, British Medical Journal 1 (8 June 1895) 1276–8.108. N. Tirard, ‘Pharmacy and the British Pharmacopoeia’, British Medical Journal 2 (23 December 1899), pp. 1727–8. 109. C. Umney, ‘The pharmacopoeia in its relations to pharmacists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (6 January 1900), p. 2. IndexVolume 4: World – From Corner Shop to Global StageAcknowledgementsGeneral IntroductionIntroduction to Volume 4Part 1: Pharmacy in public institutions 1. ‘Hospital dispensing’, Pharmaceutical Journal (20 August 1870), p. 149. 2. ‘Hospital dispensing’, Pharmaceutical Journal (20 April 1872), p. 851. 3. ‘Hospital medicines’, Chemist and Druggist (31 January 1891), pp. 172–3. 4. ‘A Danger in hospital dispensing’, Pharmaceutical Journal (12 December 1896), p. 515.5. ‘Sweating the dispenser’, Pharmaceutical Journal (27 March 1897), p. 285.6. ‘Plea for prison dispenser’, Pharmaceutical Journal (18 September 1897), p. 269.7. ‘Poor Law Dispensers’ Association, Pharmaceutical Journal (11 December 1897), p. 537.8. ‘Public Dispensers’ Association, Pharmaceutical Journal (11 December 1897), p. 537. Part 2: Pharmacy in the armed forces 9. J. Brewer, ‘Dispensers in Crimea’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 October 1855), pp. 187–8.10.‘Dispensing in regular army’, Chemist and Druggist (15 March 1878), p. 135. 11. ‘Army and navy dispensers’, Chemist and Druggist (14 August 1880), p. 369. 12. ‘Pharmacy in the army’, Historical Sketch (1880), p. 250. 13. ‘Army medical department’, Historical Sketch (1880), pp. 305–6. 14. ‘Military compounders of medicine’, Chemist and Druggist (7 July 1888), pp. 30–1. 15. ‘Military compounders of medicine’, Chemist and Druggist (14 July 1888), p. 61. 16. ‘Pharmacy in services’, Chemist and Druggist (22 September 1888), p. 397. 17. ‘Army Pharmaceutical Service’, Chemist and Druggist (13 January 1900), p. 71. 18. ‘Army Pharmaceutical Service’, Chemist and Druggist (20 January 1900), pp. 103–4.19. ‘Army dispensers’, Chemist and Druggist (27 January 1900), p. 126.Part 3: Pharmacy in British colonies 20. ‘Pharmacy in Barbados’, Chemist and Druggist (15 January 1880), p. 32.21. ‘Pharmacy in Fiji’, Chemist and Druggist, Australasian Supplement (October 1880), p. 44.22. ‘Pharmacy in Jamaica’, Chemist and Druggist (15 May 1884), pp. 206–7.23. ‘Pharmacy in Heligoland’, Chemist and Druggist (26 July 1890), pp. 108–9.24. ‘Pharmacy in Jamaica’, Chemist and Druggist (15 January 1885), p. 12. 25. ‘Gold Coast Drugs and Poisons Ordinance’, Gold Coast Gazette (1892), pp. 756–66.26. Burroughs, S. M., ‘Pharmacy at Gibraltar’, American Druggist and Pharmaceutical Record (1894), pp. 122–3. 27. ‘Pharmacy at home and abroad’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 December 1894), pp. 446-7.28. ‘Pharmacy Law at Gibraltar’, Pharmaceutical Journal (5 November 1898), p. 494.29. ‘Sale of Poisons in Hong Kong’, Pharmaceutical Journal (5 November 1898), p. 495.30. ‘Bylaws regarding Poisons’, Hong Kong Government Gazette (8 April 1904), Government Notification no. 243.31. ‘Ordinance to regulate pharmacy’, Hong Kong Government Gazette (26 June 1908), Government Notification no. 12.Part 4: Pharmacy in British India 32. ‘Indian hospitals and dispensaries’, Pharmaceutical Journal (12 December 1873), pp. 471–2.33. ‘Indigenous drugs’, Indian Medical Gazette (1 September 1879), pp. 260–2. 34. ‘Pharmaceutical assistants in India’, Pharmaceutical Journal (21 April 1882), p. 876.35. ‘Assistants in India’, Pharmaceutical Journal (28 April 1882), p. 896. 36. Burroughs, S. M., ‘Notes on travel’, Chemist and Druggist (15 March 1883), pp. 143–4. 37. Falck, J. A., ‘Pharmacy in India’, Chemist and Druggist (9 April 1887), pp. 441–2. 38. ‘Talk on Indian Drug Trade’, Chemist and Druggist (19 July 1890), p. 71. 39. ‘Supply of drugs from India’, Pharmaceutical Journal (9 December 1893), p. 464. 40. ‘Pharmaceutical education in India’, Chemist and Druggist (29 September 1894), p. 476.41. ‘India’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 December 1894), 446.42. ‘Proprietaries in India’, Chemist and Druggist (30 December 1899), p. 1077. 43. ‘British pharmacy in India’, Chemist and Druggist (25 January 1902), pp. 144–7. 44. ‘British pharmacy in India’, Chemist and Druggist (19 April 1902), pp. 620–2.45. ‘A Word from India’, Pharmaceutical Era (29 October 1903), pp. 446–7. 46. ‘Pharmacy in Calcutta’, Bulletin of Pharmacy (1904), pp. 280–4. 47. ‘Indian Pharmacy’, British Medical Journal 2 (6 October 1906), p. 887.Part 5. Pharmacy in the Dominions 48. ‘Pharmacy in Ireland’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 February 1842), pp. 387–90.49. ‘Pharmacy Act (Ireland) 1875’, Pharmaceutical Journal (25 September 1875), pp. 254–8.50. ‘Ireland’, Chemist and Druggist (22 September 1888), pp. 396–7.51. ‘Pharmaceutical Society of Ireland’, Chemist and Druggist (16 September 1899), pp. 475–8.52. ‘Pharmacy in Australia’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 September 1858), pp. 175–6.53. ‘Proposed intercolonial pharmaceutical congress’, Pharmaceutical Journal (19 June 1886), pp. 1073–4.54. ‘Pharmacy in Victoria’, Pharmaceutical Journal (31 May 1873), p. 960.55. ‘Pharmacy in Australia’, Chemist and Druggist (15 April 1884), pp. 158–9.56. ‘Latest Pharmacy Act’, Chemist and Druggist (8 December 1894), p. 821.57. ‘Pharmacy in New Zealand’, Chemist and Druggist (15 January 1880), p. 15.58. ‘Pharmacy in New Zealand’, Chemist and Druggist, Australasian Supplement (October 1880), pp. 43–4.59. J. B. Edwards, ‘Pharmacy in Canada’, Pharmaceutical Journal (December 1869), pp. 354–5.60. ‘Counter prescribing’, Canadian Pharmaceutical Journal (April 1876), pp. 329–31. 61. ‘Pharmacy Act 1884’, Canadian Pharmaceutical Journal (April 1884), pp. 124–6.62. ‘Pharmaceutical Notes from Cape Colony’, Chemist and Druggist (15 October 1885), pp; 600–1.63. Cape Town Pharmaceutical Society, Chemist and Druggist (5 March 1887), p. 291.64. ‘South African News’, Chemist and Druggist (19 February 1898), pp. 301–2. 65. ‘South African News’, Chemist and Druggist (16 September 1899), p. 474.Part 6. Standardizing pharmacy across the British world 66. W. B. O’Shaughnessy, The Bengal Pharmacopoeia, and general conspectus of medicinal plants, arranged according to the natural and therapeutical systems (Calcutta: Bishop's College Press, 1844), pp. iii–vii. 67. ‘Pharmacopoeia of India’, Indian Medical Gazette (1 January 1866), pp. 15–19. 68. E. J. Waring, Pharmacopoeia of India (London: W.H. Allen & Co., 1868), pp. v–xii.69. ‘Pharmacopoeia of India’, Pharmaceutical Journal (December 1868), pp. 373–5.70. F. A. Fluckiger and D. Hanbury, Pharmacographia: History of Principal Drugs of Vegetable Origin met with in Great Britain and British India (London: Macmillan, 1874), pp. v–viii. 71. W. Dymock, Pharmacographia Indica. A history of the principal drugs of vegetable origin, met with in British India (London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1890), pp. iii–iv.72. K. L. Dey, Indigenous Drugs of India: Short Descriptive Notices of the Principal Medicines, Both Vegetable and Mineral, in Common Use Among the Natives of India (Calcutta: Thacker, Spink & Co., 1896), pp. xxi–xxv. 73. ‘Report by Pharmacopoeia Committee’, Minutes of General Medical Council (London: GMC, 31 May 1898), XXXV, pp. 435–42. 74. ‘Indian and Colonial Addendum to BP 1898’, Lancet (10 December 1898), p. 1569.75. ‘Indian section of British Pharmacopoeia 1898’, Indian Medical Gazette 34 (April 1899), pp. 125–7. 76. ‘Report by Pharmacopoeia Committee’, Minutes of General Medical Council (London: GMC, 29 November 1899), XXXVI, pp. 744–54.77. ‘Report by Pharmacopoeia Committee’, Minutes of General Medical Council (London: GMC, 30 May 1900), XXXVII, pp. 503–9.78. W. Mair, ‘Imperial British pharmacopoeia: Notes on some Indian drugs’, Lancet 2 (4 August 1900), pp. 326–8.79. Indian and Colonial Addendum to BP 1898 (London: GMC, November 1900), pp. 1–59. 80. ‘Report by Pharmacopoeia Committee’, Minutes of General Medical Council (London: GMC, 30 November 1900), XXXVII, pp. 125–8.81. ‘Indian and Colonial Addendum to BP 1898’, British Medical Journal 2(8 December 1900), p. 1676.82. ‘Report by Pharmacopoeia Committee’, Minutes of General Medical Council (London: GMC, 3 December 1901), XXXVIII, pp. 143–4.Part 7. Britain and the global drug trade 83. J. Pereira, ‘On the formation of scientific committees for advancement of pharmacology’, Pharmaceutical Journal (July 1844), pp. 11–13. 84. ‘Chemical and Pharmaceutical Products’, Official Catalogue of the Great Exhibition (London: Spicer Brothers, 1851), pp. 184–99.85. ‘Supply of drugs to emigrant ships’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 March 1853), pp. 417–18. 86. ‘Export of drugs, medicines, etc, from the Port of London for 4 weeks’, Chemist and Druggist (15 April 1878), pp. 178–81. 87. ‘British Pharmaceutical Conference’, Chemist and Druggist (14 March 1885), pp. 156–57. 88. E. M. Holmes, ‘Some of drug exhibits at Colonial and Indian exhibition’, Pharmaceutical Journal (20 November 1886), pp. 405–11. 89. ‘Representative houses in the drug, chemical and allied trades’, British and Colonial Druggist (26 January 1889), pp. 82–3. 90. P. MacEwan, ‘Foreign experience for assistants’, in Art of Dispensing, sixth edition (London: Chemist and Druggist, 1901), pp. 399–400.91. ‘Report of the Pharmacopoeia Committee on the International Conference for the Unification of Pharmaceutical Formulas of Potent Drugs and Preparations’, Minutes of the General Medical Council (London: GMC, 1 November 1902), XXXIX, pp. 687–694.92. International Agreement respecting Unification for Pharmacopoeial Formulas for Potent Drugs signed at Brussels (London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, March 1907), pp. 1–19.Index

Stuart Anderson is emeritus professor in pharmacy history at the Centre for History in Public Health at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. He is the author of Pharmacy and Professionalization in the British Empire, 1780-1970 (Palgrave McMillan, 2021), and his book Pharmacopoeias, Drug Regulation, and Empire: Making Medicines Official in Britain’s Imperial World, 1681-1968 will be published by McGill-Queen’s University Press in 2024. He was the editor of Making Medicines: A Brief History of Pharmacy and Pharmaceuticals (Pharmaceutical Press, 2005) and is the editor of the international journal Pharmaceutical Historian. He is a past chair of the Society for the Social History of Medicine, a past president of the British Society for the History of Pharmacy and was president of the International Academy for the History of Pharmacy 2009 to 2017. He is a Fellow of both the Royal Pharmaceutical Society and the Royal Historical Society.

• Volume 1. Profession – From Apothecary to Pharmacist AcknowledgementsGeneral IntroductionIntroduction to Volume 1 Part 1. Apothecaries and chemists and druggists before 1841 1. J. M. Good, The History of Medicine so far as it relates to the Profession of the Apothecary from the earliest accounts to the present period (London: Printed for C. Dilly, T. Evatt and Co., 1795), pp. 146–72. 2. J. Bell and T. Redwood, ‘The Association of Apothecaries in 1812’, Historical Sketch of the Progress of Pharmacy (London: Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, 1880), pp. 68–70. 3. The Apothecaries Act 1815: An Act for Better Regulating the Practice of Apothecaries throughout England and Wales (55 Geo III. C.A.P. CXCIV, 12 July 1815), pp. 1–7.4. The Book of Trades (London: A. K. Newman, 1829) Entries for ‘Apothecary’ (p. 5) and ‘Chemist and Druggist’ (p. 30). 5. ‘Repeal of the Apothecaries Act: Abuses in the profession’, London Medical and Surgical Journal (13 April 1833), pp. 341–2. 6. ‘Medical Profession Bill’, Lancet 2 (27 March 1841), pp. 30–1. 7. ‘Petition from the London Society of Apothecaries’, Lancet 2 (10 April 1841), pp. 105–7.8. ‘Medicine and pharmacy’, Lancet 2 (9 April 1842), pp. 53–4.Part 2. Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, 1841–1880 9. ‘Lesson for prescribing druggists’, Lancet 2 (9 April 1842), pp. 51–3.10. ‘President’s address’, Pharmaceutical Journal (12 January 1842), pp. 391–4.11. Bill to regulate medical profession’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 April 1842), p. 505. 12. ‘Pharmacy in Great Britain, part 1’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 April 1842), p. 507–10.13. Definition of the term chemist and druggist’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 April 1842), p. 329–31. 14. ‘Progress of the Society’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 April 1842), p. 209–11. 15. ‘Laws and constitution of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 April 1842), p. 359–62. 16. ‘List of the founders’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 April 1842), pp. 363–4.17. ‘First annual meeting of the Pharmaceutical Society’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1842), pp. 633–48. 18. ‘Proposal for a College of Pharmacy’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1846), pp. 557–63.19. ‘The proper functions of a College of Pharmacy’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1846), pp. 387–9.20. ‘Evidence respecting pharmacy before the Parliamentary Committee’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1848), pp. 553–6.21. ‘The Apothecaries Act of 1815’. Provincial Medical and Surgical Journal (5 March 1851), pp. 138–9.22. ‘Licentiates of the College of Physicians’, Historical Sketch (1880), p. 299.23. ‘Proposed Interference by Medical Council’, Historical Sketch (1880), pp. 320–8. 24. ‘Deputation to Home Secretary’, Historical Sketch (1880), pp. 334–41.25. ‘Major Associates’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 February 1873), pp. 612–13.26. ‘Formation of a Chemists’ Defence Association’, Chemist and Druggist (15 July 1876), pp. 237–44.27. ‘W. D. Savage, ‘The relative positions of the apothecaries and the chemists and druggists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (15 April 1876), pp. 836–8. 28. ‘United Society of Chemists and Druggists’, Historical Sketch (1880), pp. 300–1. Part 3. Pharmacy legislation 29. Royal Charter of Incorporation, Granted to the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (London: Privy Council, 18 February 1843), pp. 1–9. 30. ‘Pharmacy Bill’, Hansard, House of Commons Debates, vol. 119 (17 March 1852), cc. 1218–22. 31. Pharmacy Act (15 & 16 Vict. Cap. LVI, 30 June 1852). 32. Medical Act: An Act to regulate the Qualifications of Practitioners in Medicine and Surgery (1858 Chapter 90, 2 August 1858), selected sections.33. Offences Against the Person Act (24 & 25 Vict. Chapter 100, 6 August 1861), selected sections.34. Second Reading of two Pharmacy Bills’, Hansard, House of Commons Debates, vol. 178 (29 March 1865), cc. 470–9. 35. ‘Report of the Pharmacy Bill Committee’, Minutes of the General Medical Council (London: 4 July 1868), pp. 260–5. 36. An Act to regulate the Sale of Poisons, and alter and amend the Pharmacy Act 1852 (31 & 52 Vict. Cap. CXXI, 31 July 1868).37. An Act to Amend the Pharmacy Act (31 & 32 Vict. Chapter 117, 11 August 1869).38. ‘On Pharmaceutical Legislation, 1868’, Historical Sketch (1880), pp. 344–56. 39. ‘Pharmacy Acts Amendment Bill’, Hansard, House of Lords Debates, vol. 323 (06 March 1888), cc. 328–30.40. Pharmacy Acts Amendment Act (61 & 62 Vict. Chapter 25, 25 July 1898).41. Supplemental Charter granted to the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (London: Privy Council, 27 March 1901), pp. 1–2. 42. An Act to regulate the sale of certain poisonous substances and to amend the Pharmacy Acts (Edw. 7 & 8. Chapter 55, 21 December 1908).Part 4. Women in pharmacy 43. ‘Women and pharmacy’, Minutes of the Library, Museum and Laboratory Committee, Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (9 October 1861), p. 126. 44. ‘Lady students’, Pharmaceutical Journal (5 October 1872), pp. 268–9.45. ‘Lady pharmacists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (12 October 1872), p. 294. 46. ‘Lady pharmacists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (16 November 1872), p. 390.47. ‘Women as chemists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (30 November 1872), pp. 423–4. 48. ‘Women as pharmacists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (31 December 1872), p. 489.49. ‘Women as pharmacists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (4 January 1873), p. 534. 50. ‘Pharmaceutical Women’, Pharmaceutical Journal (25 January 1873), p. 588–9. 51. ‘Women as pharmacists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 February 1873), p. 614. 52. ‘Pharmaceutical Women’, Pharmaceutical Journal (8 February 1873), pp. 629–31. 53. ‘Pharmaceutical Women’, Pharmaceutical Journal (22 February 1873), p. 679. 54. ‘Pharmaceutical Women’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 March 1873), p. 698–9.55. ‘Pharmaceutical Women’, Pharmaceutical Journal (8 March 1873), p. 720. 56. ‘Pharmaceutical Women’, Pharmaceutical Journal (15 March 1873), p. 738-9. 57. ‘Women in pharmacy’, Pharmaceutical Journal (5 April 1873), p. 800. 58. ‘Pharmaceutical Women’, Pharmaceutical Journal (26 April 1873), p. 860. 59. ‘Women in pharmacy’, Pharmaceutical Journal (24 May 1873), pp. 936–941. 60. ‘Admission of women as members’, Pharmaceutical Journal (31 May 1873), p. 968. 61. ‘Admission of women to medical profession’, Lancet 2 (7 August 1875), p. 213. 62. ‘Women in pharmacy’, Canadian Pharmaceutical Journal 9 (1875–76), pp. 299–300. 63. ‘Lady pharmacists’, Chemist and Druggist (30 July 1892), pp. 143–6. 64. M. Buchanan, ‘The present position of women in pharmacy’, Pharmaceutical Journal (23 May 1908), pp. 675–8. Part 5. Education and qualifications 65. ‘The late regulations at Apothecaries’ Hall’, London Medical and Surgical Journal (16 May 1835), pp. 505–7.66. ‘Opening of the school of pharmacy’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1842), p. 649.67. J. Bell, ‘On voluntary and compulsory education’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 November 1843), pp. 193–5.68. ‘The Examination of chemists and druggists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1846), pp. 529–32.69. ‘The Examinations of the Pharmaceutical Society’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 January 1848), pp. 297–300.70. ‘The Qualifications and Remuneration of Assistants’, Pharmaceutical Journal (24 August 1872), p. 147.71. P. Princep, ‘Examinations of the Pharmaceutical Society and How to Study for them’, Chemist and Druggist (15 March 1878), pp. 96–9.72. ‘Schedule of subjects of the minor examination, effective July 1891’, Calendar of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (London: Pharmaceutical Society, 1891), pp. 210–5. 73. ‘New examination regulations,’ Pharmaceutical Journal (21 November 1891), pp. 407–8.74. G. S. V. Wills, ‘Concerning examinations’, in A Jubilee Souvenir: The Work of G.S.V. Wills and the Westminster College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, (Stratford–on–Avon: Wilson and Whitworth, 1899), pp. 131–41. 75. G. S. V. Wills, ‘Attempt to enforce a curriculum’, in A Jubilee Souvenir: The Work of G.S.V. Wills and the Westminster College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, (Stratford–on–Avon: Wilson and Whitworth, 1899), pp. 142–51. 76. ‘Qualification of dispensers’, Pharmaceutical Journal (15 February 1902), pp.122–3.Part 6. Pharmacy curriculum and texts 77. A. Duncan, Jr, Edinburgh New Dispensatory... including complete ... translations of the ... London pharmacopoeia, published in 1791; Dublin pharmacopoeia, published in 1794; and of the new ed. of the Edinburgh pharmacopoeia (Edinburgh: Bell and Bradfute, 1803), preface, pp. v–x.78. A. Thomson, ‘Introductory lecture on materia medica’, Pharmaceutical Journal(1 June 1842), pp. 466–70.79. A. Ure, ‘Introductory lecture on chemistry’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1842), pp. 524–9.80. T. Redwood, ‘Introductory lecture on practical pharmacy’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1842), pp. 538–41.81. J. Pereira, ‘Introductory lecture on materia medica’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1842), pp. 565–71.82. J. Pereira, ‘Pharmacological remedies’, in The Elements of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, comprehending the natural history, preparation, properties, composition, effects and uses of medicines, volume 1 (London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, 1849), pp. 79–86.83. F. Mohr and T. Redwood, ‘Preface’, in Practical Pharmacy: the arrangements, apparatus, and manipulations of the pharmaceutical shop and laboratory (Philadelphia: Lea and Blanchard, 1849), pp. vii–viii.84. F. Mohr and T. Redwood, ‘Division of the Shop into Compartments’ and ‘Dispensing Counter’, in Practical Pharmacy: the arrangements, apparatus, and manipulations of the pharmaceutical shop and laboratory (Philadelphia: Lea and Blanchard, 1849), pp. 14–24.85. F. Mohr and T. Redwood, ‘The dispensing of medicines’, in Practical Pharmacy: the arrangements, apparatus, and manipulations of the pharmaceutical shop and laboratory (Philadelphia: Lea and Blanchard, 1849), pp. 325–36. 86. A. T. Thomson, ‘Elements of pharmacy’, in The London Dispensatory: a practical synopsis of materia medica, pharmacy, and therapeutics: illustrated with many useful tables, and woodcuts of the pharmaceutical apparatus (London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1852), pp. v–vii.87. J. Muter, ‘Modern theories of chemistry’, in Introduction to pharmaceutical and medical chemistry (London: South London School of Pharmacy, 1874), pp. 1–28. 88. J. T. Royle, ‘Introduction’, in Manual of Materia Medica and Therapeutics: including the preparations of the British Pharmacopoeia and other approved medicines (London: John Churchill, 1876), pp. 1–4. 89. J. T. Royle, ‘Operations of Pharmacy’, in Manual of Materia Medica and Therapeutics: including the preparations of the British Pharmacopoeia and other approved medicines (London: John Churchill, 1876), pp. 5–20.90. G. S. V. Wills, ‘Preface’, in A Manual of Vegetable Materia Medica, sixth edition, (London: Simpkin, Marshall and Co), 1883, p. i.91. G. S. V. Wills, ‘Questions in Materia Medica’, in A Manual of Vegetable Materia Medica, sixth edition, (London: Simpkin, Marshall and Co., 1883), pp. 115–6,148–49. IndexVolume 2. Practice – From Proprietor to Company Chemist AcknowledgementsGeneral IntroductionIntroduction to Volume 2Part 1. The origin of company chemists 1. ‘Cooperative stores and the sale of poisons’, Chemist and Druggist (15 June 1878), pp. 270–1.2. ‘Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v The London and Provincial Supply Association’ (Court Proceedings), Pharmaceutical Journal (24 July 1880), pp. 65–80.3. ‘Appeal Case in House of Lords’, Pharmaceutical Journal (24 July 1880), pp. 81–2.4. J. Attfield, ‘The future supply of drugs to the public: the relations of the state to pharmacy’, Pharmaceutical Journal (22 November 1883), pp. 228–36. 5. ‘Company pharmacy’, Chemist and Druggist (2 December 1893), p. 809.6. ‘Company pharmacy’, Chemist and Druggist (9 December 1893), p. 841.7. ‘Company pharmacy’, Chemist and Druggist (16 December 1893), p. 873.8. ‘Company pharmacy’, Chemist and Druggist (23 December 1893), pp. 894–5.9. ‘Company pharmacy’, Chemist and Druggist (23 December 1893), pp. 903–4.10. ‘Company chemists’, Chemist and Druggist (30 January 1897), pp. 163–4.Part 2. The drug trade 11. Medicines Duties Act12. J. Bell, ‘On competition in the drug trade’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 March 1843), pp. 557–62. 13. J. Bell, ‘Competition in the drug trade’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 September 1843), pp. 97–102.14. Select Committee on Medical Poor Relief Committee 1844, Paper No. 531 (1844),Selected extracts.15. ‘Penalties under the Stamp Duties Acts’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 June 1846), pp. 532–5.16. ‘Early Closing’, Chemist and Druggist (15 September 1866), p. 157.17. W. Glyn–Jones, Anti–Cutting Record (November 1895), pp. 1, 3, 5.18. ‘Anti–cutting’, Chemist and Druggist (2 May 1896), p. 643.19. ‘Anti–cutting movement’, Chemist and Druggist (2 May 1896), pp. 629–30.20. ‘Anti–cutting’, Chemist and Druggist (23 May 1896), p. 748.21. ‘Anti–cutting’, Chemist and Druggist (20 November 1897), p. 808.22. ‘Proprietary Articles Trade Association’, Chemist and Druggist (25 June 1898), pp. 1015–7.23. ‘Drug trade in the Victorian Era’, Chemist and Druggist (26 June 1897), pp. 995–8.24. ‘P.A.T.A. and its Defence Fund’, Pharmaceutical Journal (25 November 1899), pp. 516–7. 25. ‘Pharmacy and the drug trade in 1899’, Chemist and Druggist (30 December 1899), pp. 1059–64.26. ‘Chemists’ Defence Association’, Pharmaceutical Journal (24 March 1900), p. 330.Part 3. Counter prescribing 27. ‘The law against counter practice’, Lancet (11 September 1841), pp. 868–69.28. ‘Counter practice’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 December 1844), pp. 245–51.29. G. Dillon, ‘The Pharmacy Bill’, Lancet 1 (April 1852), pp. 482–3. 30. ‘Right of chemists and druggists to prescribe’, Pharmaceutical Journal (2 December 1861), pp. 297–8.31. ‘Confusion of medicine and pharmacy’, Pharmaceutical Journal (5 February 1876), pp. 627–8.32. ‘Prosecution under Apothecaries Act’, Pharmaceutical Journal (5 February 1876), p. 639. 33. ‘Limits of Counter Practice’, Chemist and Druggist (15 June 1878), pp. 269–70.34. ‘Prosecution under the Apothecaries Act’, Pharmaceutical Journal (9 November 1878), p. 361.35. ‘Sale of poisons by unqualified assistants of medical men’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 November 1890), pp. 353–4. Part 4 – Pharmacy and dentistry 36. ‘The Dental Profession’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 December 1856), pp. 301–3. 37. ‘Dentistry’, Chemist and Druggist (15 November 1870), pp. 325–6. 38. ‘Dental Practitioners Bill’, British Medical Journal 1 (2 March 1878), p. 307.39. An Act to amend the Law relating to Dental Practitioners (41 & 42 Vict. Chap. 33, 22 July 1878).40. ‘Foundation of Odontological Society and College of Dentists’, Historical Sketch (1880), p. 259. 41. ‘The supply of dentists’, Chemist and Druggist (15 April 1905), p. 585.42. ‘Dentists Bill’, Chemist and Druggist (23 July 1910), pp. 48–9.43. ‘Dental Bill’, Chemist and Druggist (30 July 1910), p. 210. 44. ‘Meeting of Chemist–extractors’, Chemist and Druggist (3 September 1910), p. 52.45. ‘Chemists’ Dental Society’, Chemist and Druggist (17 September 1910), pp. 45–6.Part 5. Pharmacy and optics 46. ‘Chemists and the spectacle trade’, Chemist and Druggist (15 July 1880), pp. 298–9.47. ‘Absurdities of Pharmacy Act’, Optician (15 March 1894), p. 240. 48. ‘Sale of chemical preparations’, Optician (30 August 1894), p. 190.49. ‘Opticians and medical profession’, Optician (14 February 1895), p. 307-8. 50. ‘Organising a British Optical Association’, Optician (14 March 1895), p. 365. 51. ‘Opticians as chemists’, Optician (10 October 1895), p. 312.52. ‘Opticians as chemists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (26 October 1895), p. 359. 53. ‘Opticians as chemists’, Optician (7 November 1895), pp. 82, 84, 86.54. ‘Optical classes’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 May 1897), p. 379. 55. ‘Certification of opticians’, Pharmaceutical Journal (3 September 1898), pp. 275–7. 56. ‘First optical examination of the Worshipful Company of Spectacle Makers’, Pharmaceutical Journal (12 November 1898), p. 517. 57. The chemist–optician: A survey of the theory and practice of visual optics, especially with reference to sight–testing and spectacle fitting (London: Chemist and Druggist, 1908), pp. v–vii. Part 6. Veterinary and agricultural pharmacy 58. ‘Fragmenta Veterinaria’, Chemist and Druggist (15 February 1860), p. 110–11. 59. ‘Veterinary qualifications’, Chemist and Druggist (22 September 1888), pp. 408–9. 60. ‘Pharmacy at Royal Agricultural Show’, Chemist and Druggist (4 July 1896), pp. 14–16.61. Veterinary Counter Practice: A Treatise on the Diseases of animals and the most suitable remedies for them, third edition (London: Chemist and Druggist, 1900), preface.62. ‘Killing dogs and cats’, in Veterinary Counter Practice: A Treatise on the Diseases of animals and the most suitable remedies for them, third edition (London: Chemist and Druggist, 1900), pp. 13–15. 63. ‘The title veterinary chemist’, in Veterinary Counter Practice: A Treatise on the Diseases of animals and the most suitable remedies for them, third edition (London: Chemist and Druggist, 1900), pp. 331–2. 64. ‘Veterinary Notes’, Chemist and Druggist (27 January 1900), pp. 162–3. 65. ‘Killing dogs and cats’, Chemists’ and Druggists’ Diary (1900), p. 528. 66. ‘Veterinary counter’, Chemist and Druggist (28 April, 1900), p. 708. Part 7. Pharmacy and photography 67. ‘Improved developer for negatives’, Photographic Journal (15 July 1862), pp. 95–6.68. ‘Photography’, Chemist and Druggist (15 January 1870), pp. 14–15. 69. ‘Photography: Export trade’, Chemist and Druggist (14 April 1870), p. 108. 70. ‘Photography and chemist and druggist’, Chemist and Druggist (3 July 1886), pp. 8–10.71. ‘Photographic Notes’, Chemist and Druggist (27 July 1889), pp. 127–8. 72. ‘Photographic Notes: dark room’, Chemist and Druggist (28 December 1889), pp. 890–1.73.‘Photographic Notes’, Chemist and Druggist (26 July 1890), pp. 113–14. 74. ‘Photography and “the Chemist and Druggist”’, Chemist and Druggist (23 August 1890), p. 270.75. ‘Pharmaceutical Society and photographic chemists’, British Journal of Photography (8 November 1895), pp. 713–14. 76. ‘Pharmaceutical Society again’, British Journal of Photography (24 December 1897), p. 820.77. ‘Projected Poisons Act’, British Journal of Photography (8 April 1898), p. 211.78. ‘New Poisons Bill’, British Journal of Photography (8 July 1898), pp. 436–7.79. ‘RPS and professional photographers, British Journal of Photography (10 March 1899), pp. 158–9. 80. ‘The chemist as photographic dealer’, British Journal of Photography (17 March 1899), p. 171.81. ‘Flutter in Films’, Chemist and Druggist (16 March 1901), p. 444. 82. ‘Radiography’, Chemists and Druggists Diary (London, 1900), p. 528. Part 8. Local pharmaceutical organisations 83. ‘Meeting at Bristol’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 August 1850), pp. 123–5.84. ‘Liverpool Chemists’ Association’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 September 1852), pp. 58–9.85. ‘Birmingham Pharmaceutical Institution’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 December 1853), pp. 274–7.86. ‘North British Branch of Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 November 1854), p. 209.87. ‘Manchester Chemists’ Conversational Society’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 November 1854), pp. 211–12. 88. ‘Colchester Druggists’ Association’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 August 1863), p. 58.89. ‘Pharmaceutical Society, Edinburgh’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 May 1864), pp. 548–50.90. ‘Nottingham Chemists’ Association’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 May 1864), p. 554.91. ‘Chemists Dinner, Cardiff’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 October 1870), p. 269.92. ‘Norwich Chemists’ Assistants’ Association’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 October 1870), p. 269.93. ‘Glasgow Chemists and Druggists Association’, Pharmaceutical Journal (24 January 1885), pp. 607–8.94. ‘Sheffield Pharmaceutical and Chemical Society’, Pharmaceutical Journal (24 January 1885), pp. 608–9.95. ‘Aberdeen Chemists’ Assistants and Apprentices’ Association’, Pharmaceutical Journal (17 January 1885), p. 589.96. ‘Edinburgh Chemists’ Assistants and Apprentices; Association’, Pharmaceutical Journal (17 January 1885), p. 589.IndexVolume 3. Drugs – From Plant Remedy to Pharmaceutical AcknowledgementsGeneral IntroductionIntroduction to Volume 3Part 1. Plants with active ingredients1. E. Stone, ‘An account of the Success of the Bark of the Willow in the Cure of Agues’, Philosophical Transactions (London: Royal Society, 1763), pp. 195–200. 2. W. Withering, ‘Introduction’, ‘An Account of the Introduction of Foxglove into modern practice’, and ‘Of the preparations and doses of the Foxglove’, in An Account of the Foxglove and some of its medical uses, (London: G. C. J. and J. Robinson, 1785), pp. xi-xx, 1-10, 179-923. J. Spence, ‘Practical Remarks on the Use of Digitalis in Consumption’, Medical repository, and review of American publications on medicine, surgery, and the auxiliary branches of philosophy, volume V (New York: Swords, 1802), pp. 17–21.4. H. Gerland, ‘New formation of salicylic acid’, Journal of the Chemical Society 5 (1852), pp. 133–6. 5. J. Pereira, ‘Cinchona’, in The Elements of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, volume 2 (London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longman, 1854), pp. 631–4.6. C. Bernard, ‘Études physiologiques sur quelques poisons américains: le curare’, La Revue des Deux Mondes, 1864, 53, pp. 164–90. (Trans. J. Black, ‘Claude Bernard on the action of curare’, British Medical Journal (4 September 1999), p. 622.7. C. A. Brown, and T. R. Fraser, ‘On the physiological action of the salts of the ammonium bases, derived from strychnia, brucia, thebaia, codeia, morphia, and nicotia’, Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh XXV (1869), pp. 151–54.8. T. Maclagan, ‘The treatment of rheumatism by salacin and salicylic acid’, British Medical Journal 1 (20 May 1876), p. 627. 9. T. R. Fraser, ‘Strophanthis hispidus: its natural history, chemistry, and pharmacology’, Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh XXXIV (1890), pp. 955–960.Part 2. Extracting active ingredients from plants 10. J. H. Dickson, ‘Vegetable alkalis’, Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal 18 (January 1822), pp. 151–9. 11. J. Elliotson, ‘Illustrations of the medical properties of Quinina’, Medico–Chururgical Transactions (1823), p. 543-549.12. W. Gregory, ‘On a process for preparing economically the muriate of opium’, Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal 35 (January 1831), p. 331–8. 13. C. Babbage, ‘Call to stop importing Peru bark’, in On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures (London: Charles Knight, 1832), pp. 380–1. 14. H. How, ‘On some new basic products obtained by the decomposition of vegetable alkaloids’, Quarterly Journal of the Chemical Society 6 (1853), pp. 125–30.Part 3. Chemical medicines15. J. Y. Simpson, ‘On a new anaesthetic agent, more efficient than sulphuric ether,’ Lancet (20 November 1847), pp. 549–50. 16. J. Syme, ‘On the use of ether in the performance of surgical operations,’ Monthly Journal of Medical Science (1847–48), pp. 73–6.17. F. C. Calvert, ‘On the therapeutic properties of carbolic acid’, Lancet 2 (1863), pp. 362–3. 18. T. L. Brunton, ‘On the use of nitrite of amyl in angina pectoris,’ Lancet 2 (1867), pp. 97–8. 19. J. Lister, ‘On the antiseptic principle in the practice of surgery’, Lancet 2 (1867), pp. 353–6. 20. J. Lister, ‘A method of antiseptic treatment applicable to wounded soldiers in the present war’, British Medical Journal 2 (3 September 1870), pp. 243–4.21. W. Murrell, ‘Nitro–glycerine as a remedy for angina pectoris,’ Lancet 1 (1879), pp. 80–1.22. J. G. McKendrick, J. Coats and D. Newman, ‘Report on the action of anaesthetics’, British Medical Journal 2 (18 December 1880), pp. 957–9.Part 4: Biological medicines23. E. Jenner, ‘Instructions for vaccine inoculation’, Medical repository, and review of American publications on medicine, surgery, and the auxiliary branches of philosophy, volume V (New York: Swords, 1802), pp. 483–5.24. Instructions for vaccine inoculation, commonly called vaccination (Philadelphia, 1807), pp. 3–7.25. G. R. Murray, ‘Note on the treatment of myxoedema by hypodermic injections of an extract of the thyroid gland of a sheep’, British Medical Journal 2 (10 October 1891), pp. 796–7. 26. ‘Report of the Lancet Special Commission on the relative strengths of diphtheria anti–toxic serums’, Lancet 2 (18 July 1896), pp. 182–3.27. ‘Patent for Diphtheria Antitoxin’, Lancet 2 (27 August 1898), pp. 559–60.Part 5. Pharmaceutical manufacturers 28. ‘List of New Chemical Medicines, T. Morson, 1821.29. Trade List, Allen and Hanburys (1850s), front cover.30. Product List, May and Baker Ltd, Chemist and Druggist (15 September 1859), p. xxxii.31. Mineral Waters, Allen and Hanburys Ltd (London: 1861), pp. 1–8.32. ‘Messrs Newberry’, Chemist and Druggist (15 January 1874), pp. 112–6.33. Priced Catalogue of Coated Pills (Brighton: A. H. Cox and Co., 1875), front cover. 34. ‘Visit to Messrs Allen and Hanbury’s works’, Chemist and Druggist (15 January 1880), pp. 14–15. 35. Medical Price List, Burroughs, Wellcome & Co, 188236. ‘Obituary, John May’, Chemist and Druggist (11 November 1893), p. 698-9. 37. ‘Obituary, Silas Burroughs’, Chemist and Druggist (16 February 1895), pp. 254–8. 38. ‘Opening of Wellcome Chemical Research Laboratories’, Pharmaceutical Journal (25 July 1896), pp. 78–9. 39. Howards & Sons product list, Chemist and Druggist, (7 January 1899), p.37.40. ‘Wellcome Physiological Research Laboratory’, Chemist and Druggist (11 November 1899), pp. 780–1. 41. ‘Obituary, Thomas Beecham’, Chemist and Druggist (13 April 1907), pp. 544–5. Part 6. Dosage form and drug administration 42. J. A. Paris, ‘An Analysis of the Art of Forming Medicinal Combinations’, in Pharmacologia, or, the history of medicinal substances: in order to enable the practitioner to prescribe them with efficacy, and elegance, and to dispense them with accuracy (London: Callow, 1812), pp. 9–16.43. ‘Brockedon’s Patent Process’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 May 1844), p. 554. 44. Specification of William Brockedon: Shaping pills, lozenges, and black lead by pressure in dies. Great Seal Patent Office, (London: George E. Eyre and William Spottiswoode, 1856).45. J. Snow, ‘On the inhalation of chloroform and ether, with description of an apparatus’, Lancet 1 (5 February 1848), pp. 177–80. 46. J. Snow, ‘Inhalation of chloroform and ether’, London Medical Gazette 6 (14 January 1848), pp. 74–6. 47. B. Woodcroft, ‘Titles of patents of invention: chronologically arranged from 2 March 1617 to 1 October 1852’, selected extracts.48. A. Wood, ‘Treatment of neuralgic pain by narcotic injections’, British Medical Journal 1 (28 August 1858), pp. 721–3. 49. ‘Legal queries: compressed medicines’, Chemist and Druggist (7 May 1892), p. 679. 50. P. MacEwan, ‘Capsules’, in Art of Dispensing, sixth edition (London: Chemist and Druggist, 1901), pp. 156–64. 51. P. MacEwan, ‘Cachets’, in Art of Dispensing, sixth edition (London: Chemist and Druggist, 1901), pp. 176–8. Part 7. Patent medicines and secret remedies 52. Medicines Duties Act (23 Geo. III, Cap. LXXIX, 1 September 1783) Schedule, p. 742.53. ‘On quackery and most effective means of checking its dangerous progress’, Medical and Physical Journal 1 (24 April 1799), pp. 337–40.54. ‘Composition of quack medicines’, Lancet 1 (5 October 1823), p. 30.55. ‘Composition of quack medicines’, Lancet 1 (12 October 1823), pp. 62–3.56. ‘Composition of quack medicines’, Lancet 1 (19 October 1823), p. 89.57. ‘Composition of quack medicines’, Lancet 1 (26 October 1823), p. 138.58. ‘Court of Common Pleas, Guildhall’, Lancet 2 (26 July 1834), p. 619-21.59. ‘Some late achievements of quackery’, London Medical Gazette 14 (26 July 1834), pp. 610–16.60. ‘Anti–Medical Quackery Society’, Lancet 1 (12 March 1836), pp. 948–9.61. ‘Anti–Medical Quackery Society’, Lancet 1 (19 March 1836), pp. 976–8.62. F. S. Garlick, ‘On mischief of self–administration of medicines’, Lancet 1 (13 March 1847), pp. 291–3. 63. ‘Patent medicines’, Lancet 1 (5 March 1870), p. 358.64. ‘Orange Quinine Wine’, Historical Sketch (1880), pp. 317–19. 65. ‘Patent medicine trade’, Chemist and Druggist (5 January 1889), pp. 17–18. 66. ‘Trademarks applied for’, Chemist and Druggist (23 April 1892), p. 582. Part 8. Medicines and poisoning 67. Sale of Arsenic Regulation Act 1851 (14 & 15 Vict. Chap. 13, 5 June 1851). 68. ‘Wholesale poisoning by arsenic at Bradford’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 December 1858), pp. 340–3. 69.‘Adulteration and poisoning’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 December 1858), pp. 297–301.70. ‘Poisoning by Strychnia’, Chemist and Druggist (14 May 1864), p. 73.71. ‘Alleged Death from chlorodyne’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 July 1864), p. 39.72. C. H. Fagge and T. Stevenson, ‘On application of physiological tests for certain organic poisons, and especially digitalis’, Proceedings of the Royal Society 14 (1865), pp. 270–4.73. ‘Is chlorodyne subject to medicine stamp?’ Pharmaceutical Journal (1 January 1866), pp. 385–6.74. ‘Sale of patent medicines containing poisons’, Pharmaceutical Journal (15 May 1880), pp. 919–20.75. ‘Sale of patent medicines containing poisons’, Pharmaceutical Journal (21 October 1882), p. 339. 76. ‘Death from overdose of Chlorodyne’, Pharmaceutical Journal (8 March 1884), p. 735.77. ‘Chlorodyne’, Lancet 1 (7 May 1892), pp. 1042–3.78. ‘Proprietary medicines’, Lancet 2 (17 December 1892), pp. 1411–12. 79. ‘Regulating sale of patent medicines’, Hansard, House of Commons Debates, vol. 9 (13 March 1893), cc. 1831–2. 80. A. E. Harris, ‘The fatal record of carbolic acid’, Lancet (28 November 1896), pp. 1519–20.81. ‘Poisonous proprietary medicines’, Lancet 1 (14 June 1902), p. 1268.Part 9. Drug purity and adulteration 82. F. Accum, ‘Attempt to discover the genuineness and purity of drugs and medical preparations’, Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts 2 (1798), pp. 118–22. 83. F. Accum, Treatise on Adulterations of Food and Culinary Poisons (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown 1820), pp. 23-9. 84. ‘Adulteration of drugs’, London Medical and Surgical Journal (14 February 1835), p. 87.85. J. Bell, ‘On adulteration of drugs’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 November 1841), pp. 253–7.86. J. Bell, ‘On adulteration of senna’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 August 1842), pp. 63–6.87. J. Pereira, ‘On adulteration of scammony’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 December 1844), pp. 267–9. 88. ‘Adulteration of drugs’, Lancet 1 (4 January 1851), p. 172.89. A. H. Hassall, Adulterations Detected, or Plain Instructions for the Discovery of Frauds of Food and Medicine (London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts 1857), pp. 1–11.90. ‘Adulteration Act’, Pharmaceutical Journal (7 June 1873), pp. 979–80.91. ‘Sale of Food and Drugs Act 1875’, Medical Times and Gazette (27 February 1875), pp. 228–9. 92.‘Sale of Food and Drugs Act 1875’, Medical Times and Gazette (27 February 1875), pp. 234–5.93. ‘Adulteration Act’, Historical Sketch (1880), pp. 297–9.Part 10. Medicine safety, quality and standards94. ‘Report of Scientific Committee on uses and physiological, therapeutical, and toxical effects of chloroform’, Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society, (1864), pp. 1-8.95. M. Kuborn, ‘Poisoning by stramonium and by Hyoscyamus’, British Medical Journal (19 May 1866), p. 523.96. ‘Abuse of chloral hydrate’, Quarterly Journal of Inebriety (January 1880), pp. 53–4.97. ‘Report of Hyderabad Chloroform Commission’, British Medical Journal 2 (12 December 1891), pp. 1265–8.98. ‘Report of Lancet Commission appointed to investigate subject of administration of chloroform and other anaesthetics’, Lancet (18 March 1893), pp. 629–30.99. D. J. Leach and W. Hunter, ‘An inquiry regarding importance of ill–effects following use of antipyrine, antifebrin, and phenacetin’, BMA Therapeutic Committee, British Medical Journal 1 (13 January 1894), pp. 85–90. 100. A. Chevallier, ‘On variable quality and strength of opium’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 August 1850), pp. 78–9.101. ‘Report by Pharmacopoeia Committee’, Minutes of the General Medical Council (16 June 1860), pp. 89-91. 102. British Pharmacopoeia, first edition (London, General Medical Council, 1864), pp. ix–xx.103. ‘Report by Pharmacopoeia Committee’, Minutes of the General Medical Council (2 July 1868), p. 224. 104. P. Squire, Companion to new edition of British Pharmacopoeia 1867, sixth edition (London: J. and A. Churchill, 1888), pp. vii–viii.105. W. Martindale and W. W. Westcott, Extra Pharmacopoeia, fifth edition (London: H. K. Lewis, 1883), pp. 3–5. 106.‘British Pharmacopoeia’, British Medical Journal 2 (10 December 1892), p. 1297. 107. D. J. Leach, N. Tirard and R. Stockman, ‘Approaching revision of the British Pharmacopoeia. Memorandum on the British Pharmacopoeia by the Therapeutics Committee of the British Medical Association, British Medical Journal 1 (8 June 1895) 1276–8.108. N. Tirard, ‘Pharmacy and the British Pharmacopoeia’, British Medical Journal 2 (23 December 1899), pp. 1727–8. 109. C. Umney, ‘The pharmacopoeia in its relations to pharmacists’, Pharmaceutical Journal (6 January 1900), p. 2. IndexVolume 4: World – From Corner Shop to Global StageAcknowledgementsGeneral IntroductionIntroduction to Volume 4Part 1: Pharmacy in public institutions 1. ‘Hospital dispensing’, Pharmaceutical Journal (20 August 1870), p. 149. 2. ‘Hospital dispensing’, Pharmaceutical Journal (20 April 1872), p. 851. 3. ‘Hospital medicines’, Chemist and Druggist (31 January 1891), pp. 172–3. 4. ‘A Danger in hospital dispensing’, Pharmaceutical Journal (12 December 1896), p. 515.5. ‘Sweating the dispenser’, Pharmaceutical Journal (27 March 1897), p. 285.6. ‘Plea for prison dispenser’, Pharmaceutical Journal (18 September 1897), p. 269.7. ‘Poor Law Dispensers’ Association, Pharmaceutical Journal (11 December 1897), p. 537.8. ‘Public Dispensers’ Association, Pharmaceutical Journal (11 December 1897), p. 537. Part 2: Pharmacy in the armed forces 9. J. Brewer, ‘Dispensers in Crimea’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 October 1855), pp. 187–8.10.‘Dispensing in regular army’, Chemist and Druggist (15 March 1878), p. 135. 11. ‘Army and navy dispensers’, Chemist and Druggist (14 August 1880), p. 369. 12. ‘Pharmacy in the army’, Historical Sketch (1880), p. 250. 13. ‘Army medical department’, Historical Sketch (1880), pp. 305–6. 14. ‘Military compounders of medicine’, Chemist and Druggist (7 July 1888), pp. 30–1. 15. ‘Military compounders of medicine’, Chemist and Druggist (14 July 1888), p. 61. 16. ‘Pharmacy in services’, Chemist and Druggist (22 September 1888), p. 397. 17. ‘Army Pharmaceutical Service’, Chemist and Druggist (13 January 1900), p. 71. 18. ‘Army Pharmaceutical Service’, Chemist and Druggist (20 January 1900), pp. 103–4.19. ‘Army dispensers’, Chemist and Druggist (27 January 1900), p. 126.Part 3: Pharmacy in British colonies 20. ‘Pharmacy in Barbados’, Chemist and Druggist (15 January 1880), p. 32.21. ‘Pharmacy in Fiji’, Chemist and Druggist, Australasian Supplement (October 1880), p. 44.22. ‘Pharmacy in Jamaica’, Chemist and Druggist (15 May 1884), pp. 206–7.23. ‘Pharmacy in Heligoland’, Chemist and Druggist (26 July 1890), pp. 108–9.24. ‘Pharmacy in Jamaica’, Chemist and Druggist (15 January 1885), p. 12. 25. ‘Gold Coast Drugs and Poisons Ordinance’, Gold Coast Gazette (1892), pp. 756–66.26. Burroughs, S. M., ‘Pharmacy at Gibraltar’, American Druggist and Pharmaceutical Record (1894), pp. 122–3. 27. ‘Pharmacy at home and abroad’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 December 1894), pp. 446-7.28. ‘Pharmacy Law at Gibraltar’, Pharmaceutical Journal (5 November 1898), p. 494.29. ‘Sale of Poisons in Hong Kong’, Pharmaceutical Journal (5 November 1898), p. 495.30. ‘Bylaws regarding Poisons’, Hong Kong Government Gazette (8 April 1904), Government Notification no. 243.31. ‘Ordinance to regulate pharmacy’, Hong Kong Government Gazette (26 June 1908), Government Notification no. 12.Part 4: Pharmacy in British India 32. ‘Indian hospitals and dispensaries’, Pharmaceutical Journal (12 December 1873), pp. 471–2.33. ‘Indigenous drugs’, Indian Medical Gazette (1 September 1879), pp. 260–2. 34. ‘Pharmaceutical assistants in India’, Pharmaceutical Journal (21 April 1882), p. 876.35. ‘Assistants in India’, Pharmaceutical Journal (28 April 1882), p. 896. 36. Burroughs, S. M., ‘Notes on travel’, Chemist and Druggist (15 March 1883), pp. 143–4. 37. Falck, J. A., ‘Pharmacy in India’, Chemist and Druggist (9 April 1887), pp. 441–2. 38. ‘Talk on Indian Drug Trade’, Chemist and Druggist (19 July 1890), p. 71. 39. ‘Supply of drugs from India’, Pharmaceutical Journal (9 December 1893), p. 464. 40. ‘Pharmaceutical education in India’, Chemist and Druggist (29 September 1894), p. 476.41. ‘India’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 December 1894), 446.42. ‘Proprietaries in India’, Chemist and Druggist (30 December 1899), p. 1077. 43. ‘British pharmacy in India’, Chemist and Druggist (25 January 1902), pp. 144–7. 44. ‘British pharmacy in India’, Chemist and Druggist (19 April 1902), pp. 620–2.45. ‘A Word from India’, Pharmaceutical Era (29 October 1903), pp. 446–7. 46. ‘Pharmacy in Calcutta’, Bulletin of Pharmacy (1904), pp. 280–4. 47. ‘Indian Pharmacy’, British Medical Journal 2 (6 October 1906), p. 887.Part 5. Pharmacy in the Dominions 48. ‘Pharmacy in Ireland’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 February 1842), pp. 387–90.49. ‘Pharmacy Act (Ireland) 1875’, Pharmaceutical Journal (25 September 1875), pp. 254–8.50. ‘Ireland’, Chemist and Druggist (22 September 1888), pp. 396–7.51. ‘Pharmaceutical Society of Ireland’, Chemist and Druggist (16 September 1899), pp. 475–8.52. ‘Pharmacy in Australia’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 September 1858), pp. 175–6.53. ‘Proposed intercolonial pharmaceutical congress’, Pharmaceutical Journal (19 June 1886), pp. 1073–4.54. ‘Pharmacy in Victoria’, Pharmaceutical Journal (31 May 1873), p. 960.55. ‘Pharmacy in Australia’, Chemist and Druggist (15 April 1884), pp. 158–9.56. ‘Latest Pharmacy Act’, Chemist and Druggist (8 December 1894), p. 821.57. ‘Pharmacy in New Zealand’, Chemist and Druggist (15 January 1880), p. 15.58. ‘Pharmacy in New Zealand’, Chemist and Druggist, Australasian Supplement (October 1880), pp. 43–4.59. J. B. Edwards, ‘Pharmacy in Canada’, Pharmaceutical Journal (December 1869), pp. 354–5.60. ‘Counter prescribing’, Canadian Pharmaceutical Journal (April 1876), pp. 329–31. 61. ‘Pharmacy Act 1884’, Canadian Pharmaceutical Journal (April 1884), pp. 124–6.62. ‘Pharmaceutical Notes from Cape Colony’, Chemist and Druggist (15 October 1885), pp; 600–1.63. Cape Town Pharmaceutical Society, Chemist and Druggist (5 March 1887), p. 291.64. ‘South African News’, Chemist and Druggist (19 February 1898), pp. 301–2. 65. ‘South African News’, Chemist and Druggist (16 September 1899), p. 474.Part 6. Standardizing pharmacy across the British world 66. W. B. O’Shaughnessy, The Bengal Pharmacopoeia, and general conspectus of medicinal plants, arranged according to the natural and therapeutical systems (Calcutta: Bishop's College Press, 1844), pp. iii–vii. 67. ‘Pharmacopoeia of India’, Indian Medical Gazette (1 January 1866), pp. 15–19. 68. E. J. Waring, Pharmacopoeia of India (London: W.H. Allen & Co., 1868), pp. v–xii.69. ‘Pharmacopoeia of India’, Pharmaceutical Journal (December 1868), pp. 373–5.70. F. A. Fluckiger and D. Hanbury, Pharmacographia: History of Principal Drugs of Vegetable Origin met with in Great Britain and British India (London: Macmillan, 1874), pp. v–viii. 71. W. Dymock, Pharmacographia Indica. A history of the principal drugs of vegetable origin, met with in British India (London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1890), pp. iii–iv.72. K. L. Dey, Indigenous Drugs of India: Short Descriptive Notices of the Principal Medicines, Both Vegetable and Mineral, in Common Use Among the Natives of India (Calcutta: Thacker, Spink & Co., 1896), pp. xxi–xxv. 73. ‘Report by Pharmacopoeia Committee’, Minutes of General Medical Council (London: GMC, 31 May 1898), XXXV, pp. 435–42. 74. ‘Indian and Colonial Addendum to BP 1898’, Lancet (10 December 1898), p. 1569.75. ‘Indian section of British Pharmacopoeia 1898’, Indian Medical Gazette 34 (April 1899), pp. 125–7. 76. ‘Report by Pharmacopoeia Committee’, Minutes of General Medical Council (London: GMC, 29 November 1899), XXXVI, pp. 744–54.77. ‘Report by Pharmacopoeia Committee’, Minutes of General Medical Council (London: GMC, 30 May 1900), XXXVII, pp. 503–9.78. W. Mair, ‘Imperial British pharmacopoeia: Notes on some Indian drugs’, Lancet 2 (4 August 1900), pp. 326–8.79. Indian and Colonial Addendum to BP 1898 (London: GMC, November 1900), pp. 1–59. 80. ‘Report by Pharmacopoeia Committee’, Minutes of General Medical Council (London: GMC, 30 November 1900), XXXVII, pp. 125–8.81. ‘Indian and Colonial Addendum to BP 1898’, British Medical Journal 2(8 December 1900), p. 1676.82. ‘Report by Pharmacopoeia Committee’, Minutes of General Medical Council (London: GMC, 3 December 1901), XXXVIII, pp. 143–4.Part 7. Britain and the global drug trade 83. J. Pereira, ‘On the formation of scientific committees for advancement of pharmacology’, Pharmaceutical Journal (July 1844), pp. 11–13. 84. ‘Chemical and Pharmaceutical Products’, Official Catalogue of the Great Exhibition (London: Spicer Brothers, 1851), pp. 184–99.85. ‘Supply of drugs to emigrant ships’, Pharmaceutical Journal (1 March 1853), pp. 417–18. 86. ‘Export of drugs, medicines, etc, from the Port of London for 4 weeks’, Chemist and Druggist (15 April 1878), pp. 178–81. 87. ‘British Pharmaceutical Conference’, Chemist and Druggist (14 March 1885), pp. 156–57. 88. E. M. Holmes, ‘Some of drug exhibits at Colonial and Indian exhibition’, Pharmaceutical Journal (20 November 1886), pp. 405–11. 89. ‘Representative houses in the drug, chemical and allied trades’, British and Colonial Druggist (26 January 1889), pp. 82–3. 90. P. MacEwan, ‘Foreign experience for assistants’, in Art of Dispensing, sixth edition (London: Chemist and Druggist, 1901), pp. 399–400.91. ‘Report of the Pharmacopoeia Committee on the International Conference for the Unification of Pharmaceutical Formulas of Potent Drugs and Preparations’, Minutes of the General Medical Council (London: GMC, 1 November 1902), XXXIX, pp. 687–694.92. International Agreement respecting Unification for Pharmacopoeial Formulas for Potent Drugs signed at Brussels (London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, March 1907), pp. 1–19.Index