Nineteenth-Century Science, Technology and Medicine: Sources and Documents – serie

This four-volume collection of primary sources examines scientific methodology in Britain during the long nineteenth century. As the physical, biological, human, and social sciences were radically reshaped across the 1800's, so the prevailing understanding of scientific methodology changed with them, making this period one of the most significant in the early development of the philosophy of science in the English-speaking world. This development was driven not only by the reflections of numerous men of science, scattered across their works, but also by the publication of some of the first major treatises in the philosophy of science. These volumes form a valuable complement instruction and learning in nineteenth-century philosophy and the history of science. An understanding of the philosophical and methodological innovations that grounded these epoch-making developments in the sciences is crucial for helping us understand how several generations of scientists interpreted and hoped to justify their own work. These same questions would go on to form a significant part of the foundation for reflection on such issues across the twentieth century and today.

This collection of primary sources examines scientific methodology in Britain during the long nineteenth century. Perhaps the most striking feature of nineteenth-century works on scientific method is the extent to which they were taken up by authors interested in writing large-scale, systemic works introducing, at one stroke, a philosophy of science, a view of what "good scientific practice" would look like, and investigations of logic, epistemology, and metaphysics. This volume presents the views laid out in the four largest and most important such treatises: Sir John F. W. Herschel’s Preliminary Discourse on Natural Philosophy, William Whewell’s History of the Inductive Sciences and Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, and John Stuart Mill’s A System of Logic, as well as other contributors to the philosophy of science in this period. This title will be of great interest to students of the history of philosophy and the history of science.

This collection of primary sources examines scientific methodology in Britain during the long nineteenth century. Over the course of the nineteenth century, emblematically but not exclusively represented by the work of Charles Darwin, natural science reconfigured the ways in which practitioners would treat the sciences of "deep time" – especially geology and the new theory of natural selection. This volume uses primary sources and editorial commentary to examine the topics of geology and evolution in this period. This title will be of great interest to students of the history of philosophy and the history of science.

This collection of primary sources examines scientific methodology in Britain during the long nineteenth century. The nineteenth century played host to the development, for the first time, of statistical and probabilistic methods across the biological, human, and social sciences. A new kind of quantified, statistical social science came into being. Such innovations were quickly marshaled for use in the life sciences, from evolution to agriculture to eugenics. This title will be of great interest to students of the history of philosophy and the history of science.

This collection of primary sources examines scientific methodology in Britain during the long nineteenth century. The nineteenth century begins with what was still a largely Newtonian perspective on the nature of matter and the physical world – Newtonian bodies moving through space, guided by a collection of forces, with gravity foremost among them. By the end of the century, physical science had refocused itself around the concept of energy, the first moves toward the understanding of atomic structure had been undertaken, and electricity and magnetism were understood in terms of fields of force. This volume examines primary sources related to the philosophy of the physical sciences, and will be of great interest to students of the history of philosophy and the history of science.

This four-volume collection explores medical women as a global phenomenon during the long nineteenth century. The set explores how British medical women travelled internationally to treat patients who, for reasons of religious, cultural, or social beliefs, were reluctant to seek treatment from male doctors. In this instance, missionary zeal was balanced with concern for women’s health and welfare. The collection includes texts written by those who qualified as medical women and practised either in their national context or those educated abroad, who then returned home to pursue their careers. The latter makes widely available works by women of colour, including the African American woman doctor, Rebecca Lee Crumpler, and Indian female medical practitioner, Rukhmabai. Ultimately, this title will place medical women of the nineteenth and early twentieth century in an international conversation about their professional expectations and responsibilities. Accompanied by extensive editorial commentary, this title will be of great interest to students of Women's History and the History of Medicine.

The volume explores the range of reactions to medical women from the mid-nineteenth century up until the start of the Great War in 1914. By covering this period, readers will be introduced to ongoing debates surrounding women in medicine, via sources which explore the possibilities for – as well as the problems of – female professional practice. The perspectives of detractors and supporters, as well as medical women themselves, are taken into account, and especial consideration given to opinions which were not neatly divided along gender lines. Of key concern here is a nuanced tracing through primary material of changes in the perception of medical women, as well as the ways in which lingering prejudices disappeared or remained well into the twentieth century. This volume focuses on two key areas: first, the debates and challenges around medical and surgical education for women; and, second, women’s physical and mental ‘fitness’ to practise. The reproduction of previously unpublished student magazines, both from the foundational London School of Medicine for Women, as well as medical schools which considered admitting women during this period, are an original feature of this volume. Accompanied by extensive editorial commentary, this title will be of great interest to students of Women's History and the History of Medicine.

As an exciting, challenging, and for some, repulsive, novelty and phenomenon, the medical woman was fictionalised swiftly in the second half of the nineteenth century. This volume reproduces literary examples which explore the many facets of women’s entry into the medical profession, and their experiences once qualified. This volume broadens literary and cultural understanding of female doctors through the selection of sources which are less well-known or more difficult to find, as well as considering global examples or contexts. By including sources which reveal both supportive and derogatory assessments, and by male and female authors, a wide range of opinions regarding women’s efficacy as medical practitioners are considered. Accompanied by extensive editorial commentary, this title will be of great interest to students of Women's History and the History of Medicine.

This volume explores medical women as a global phenomenon during the long nineteenth century. The volume considers, firstly, how especially British medical women travelled internationally to treat patients who, for reasons of religious, cultural, or social beliefs, were reluctant to seek treatment from male doctors. In this instance, missionary zeal was balanced with concern for women’s health and welfare. Secondly, the volume includes texts written by those who qualified as medical women and practised either in their national context or those educated abroad, who then returned home to pursue their careers. The latter makes more widely available works by women of colour, including, for example, the African American woman doctor, Rebecca Lee Crumpler, and Indian female medical practitioner, Rukhmabai. Accompanied by extensive editorial commentary, this title will be of great interest to students of Women's History and the History of Medicine.

Vital to the acceptance of medical women was the willingness of patients – largely women and children – to be treated by them. By the end of 1914, this more usual patient base was expanded to include injured soldiers. To provide a full consideration of the medical and surgical world of this period, it is necessary to explore patients in order to explore how gender affected the relationship between patient and practitioner. This volume examines the contemporary fear that hospital patients, mostly of working-class origin, were being experimented upon by their overly eager, ambitious, and vivisecting doctors; something in which surgeons especially were seen to be complicit. Women too, however, carried out abdominal and gynaecological surgery, and performed clitoridectomies. How medical women justified their actions, as well as how their patients viewed them, is the focus of this volume. Additionally, the voice of those who experienced ‘medical tyranny’ is considered to examine what happened when patients fought back publicly against the medical establishment. Accompanied by extensive editorial commentary, this title will be of great interest to students of Women's History and the History of Medicine.

This three-volume collection of primary sources examines electric power in Victorian Britain. The first volume covers the works of those for whom electricity became a vessel to say new things about energy and create a new means of generating motive force. The second volume looks at how electric power imprinted on the political landscape of Great Britain and the Empire. The third volume reviews the formalization of electric power infrastructures, and looks at how many imagined electric power networks impacted the present and future. Accompanied by extensive editorial commentary, this collection will be of great interest to students and scholars of the History of Science.

The materials in this volume cover the works of the natural philosophers, mathematicians, engineers, and entertainers for whom electricity became a vessel to say new things about energy and create a new means of generating motive force. The papers, books, and experiments explore the ways in which electricity transforms from a force of nature into a source of energy. Accompanied by extensive editorial commentary, this collection will be of great interest to students and scholars of the History of Science.

The materials in this volume explore how the transformation of electric power imprinted on the political landscape of Great Britain and the Empire. Outside the lecture halls and laboratories, electric power became a source for inventors, politicians, economists, and the public to explore, define, and lament how energy consumption should look. Accompanied by extensive editorial commentary, this collection will be of great interest to students and scholars of the History of Science.

This volume of primary sources examines electric power, politics and culture in Victorian Britain. The materials review the formalization of electric power infrastructures or "grids" as they took shape on a local, national, and imperial scale, and explore how citizens, novelists, doctors, politicians, and electrical engineers imagined electric power networks impacting the present and future.

Sound and Science in Nineteenth-Century Britain is a four-volume set of primary sources which seeks to define our historical understanding of the relationship between British scientific knowledge and sound between 1815 and 1900. In the context of rapid urbanization and industrialization, as well as a growing overseas empire, Britain was home to a rich scientific culture in which the ear was as valuable an organ as the eye for examining nature. Experiments on how sound behaved informed new understandings of how a diverse array of natural phenomena operated, notably those of heat, light, and electro-magnetism. In nineteenth-century Britain, sound was not just a phenomenon to be studied, but central to the practice of science itself and broader understandings over nature and the universe. This collection, accompanied by extensive editorial commentary, will be of great interest to students and scholars of the History of Science.

Sound and Science in Nineteenth-Century Britain is a four-volume set of primary sources which seeks to define our historical understanding of the relationship between British scientific knowledge and sound between 1815 and 1900. In the context of rapid urbanization and industrialization, as well as a growing overseas empire, Britain was home to a rich scientific culture in which the ear was as valuable an organ as the eye for examining nature. Experiments on how sound behaved informed new understandings of how a diverse array of natural phenomena operated, notably those of heat, light, and electro-magnetism. In nineteenth-century Britain, sound was not just a phenomenon to be studied, but central to the practice of science itself and broader understandings over nature and the universe. This collection, accompanied by extensive editorial commentary, will be of great interest to students and scholars of the History of Science.

Science and Sound in Nineteenth-Century Britain is a four-volume set of primary sources which seeks to define our historical understanding of the relationship between British scientific knowledge and sound between 1815 and 1900. In the context of rapid urbanization and industrialization, as well as a growing overseas empire, Britain was home to a rich scientific culture in which the ear was as valuable an organ as the eye for examining nature. Experiments on how sound behaved informed new understandings of how a diverse array of natural phenomena operated, notably those of heat, light, and electro-magnetism. In nineteenth-century Britain, sound was not just a phenomenon to be studied, but central to the practice of science itself and broader understandings over nature and the universe. This collection, accompanied by extensive editorial commentary, will be of great interest to students and scholars of the History of Science.

Science and Sound in Nineteenth-Century Britain is a four-volume set of primary sources which seeks to define our historical understanding of the relationship between British scientific knowledge and sound between 1815 and 1900. In the context of rapid urbanization and industrialization, as well as a growing overseas empire, Britain was home to a rich scientific culture in which the ear was as valuable an organ as the eye for examining nature. Experiments on how sound behaved informed new understandings of how a diverse array of natural phenomena operated, notably those of heat, light, and electro-magnetism. In nineteenth-century Britain, sound was not just a phenomenon to be studied, but central to the practice of science itself and broader understandings over nature and the universe. This collection, accompanied by extensive editorial commentary, will be of great interest to students and scholars of the History of Science.

Sound and Science in Nineteenth-Century Britain is a four-volume set of primary sources which seeks to define our historical understanding of the relationship between British scientific knowledge and sound between 1815 and 1900. In the context of rapid urbanization and industrialization, as well as a growing overseas empire, Britain was home to a rich scientific culture in which the ear was as valuable an organ as the eye for examining nature. Experiments on how sound behaved informed new understandings of how a diverse array of natural phenomena operated, notably those of heat, light, and electro-magnetism. In nineteenth-century Britain, sound was not just a phenomenon to be studied, but central to the practice of science itself and broader understandings over nature and the universe. This collection, accompanied by extensive editorial commentary, will be of great interest to students and scholars of the History of Science.

This four-volume set of thematically focused and curated primary sources examines meteorology in nineteenth-century society. Knowing the history of meteorology and climatology since their inception as physical sciences in the nineteenth century is fundamental to understanding the causes and historical patterns of the severe weather and climate change that greatly preoccupy today’s society. Thematically focused collections of primary sources support the research and study needs not only of scholars, but also graduate and postgraduate students. To this end, the volumes contextualize and explain the contents of these sources. The collection brings together the most relevant themes in current scholarship: weather forecasting and nation-state building; cyclones, trade, and navigation; meteorology and religion; and weather, climate, and empire.

This four-volume set of thematically focused and curated primary sources examines meteorology in nineteenth-century society. Knowing the history of meteorology and climatology since their inception as physical sciences in the nineteenth century is fundamental to understanding the causes and historical patterns of the severe weather and climate change that greatly preoccupy today’s society. Thematically focused collections of primary sources support the research and study needs not only of scholars, but also graduate and postgraduate students. To this end, the volumes contextualize and explain the contents of these sources. The collection brings together the most relevant themes in current scholarship: weather forecasting and nation-state building; cyclones, trade, and navigation; meteorology and religion; and weather, climate, and empire.

This four-volume set of thematically focused and curated primary sources examines meteorology in nineteenth-century society. Knowing the history of meteorology and climatology since their inception as physical sciences in the nineteenth century is fundamental to understanding the causes and historical patterns of the severe weather and climate change that greatly preoccupy today’s society. Thematically focused collections of primary sources support the research and study needs not only of scholars, but also graduate and postgraduate students. To this end, the volumes contextualize and explain the contents of these sources. The collection brings together the most relevant themes in current scholarship: weather forecasting and nation-state building; cyclones, trade, and navigation; meteorology and religion; and weather, climate, and empire.

This four-volume set of thematically focused and curated primary sources examines meteorology in nineteenth-century society. Knowing the history of meteorology and climatology since their inception as physical sciences in the nineteenth century is fundamental to understanding the causes and historical patterns of the severe weather and climate change that greatly preoccupy today’s society. Thematically focused collections of primary sources support the research and study needs not only of scholars, but also graduate and postgraduate students. To this end, the volumes contextualize and explain the contents of these sources. The collection brings together the most relevant themes in current scholarship: weather forecasting and nation-state building; cyclones, trade, and navigation; meteorology and religion; and weather, climate, and empire.

This four-volume set of thematically focused and curated primary sources examines meteorology in nineteenth-century society. Knowing the history of meteorology and climatology since their inception as physical sciences in the nineteenth century is fundamental to understanding the causes and historical patterns of the severe weather and climate change that greatly preoccupy today’s society. Thematically focused collections of primary sources support the research and study needs not only of scholars, but also graduate and postgraduate students. To this end, the volumes contextualize and explain the contents of these sources. The collection brings together the most relevant themes in current scholarship: weather forecasting and nation-state building; cyclones, trade, and navigation; meteorology and religion; and weather, climate, and empire.

Offering historical primary sources that outline both medical and experiential perspectives of physical disability, this book provides frequently mentioned but rarely provided material and supports readers in making sense of the material themselves to develop students’ historical sensibilities, as well as their critical thinking, critical reading skills and their ability to perform historical document analysis. Throughout the nineteenth century, Britain witnessed a remarkable transformation in the ways in which individuals with physical impairments experienced the world and the ways in which they were perceived, treated, and represented. The rise of industrialisation in the nineteenth century created new types of physical disability and deformity through accidents and injuries. Moreover, new medical interventions conducted in increasing numbers of hospitals, particularly in the growing specialisms of orthopaedics and teratology (birth defects), sought to fix acute and formerly fatal physical conditions, creating new surgical pioneers including William Little, Hugh Owen Thomas, Robert Jones and Frederick Treves. Focusing on British sources, but including the growing international network of medical professionals, prosthesis supplier, freak show entertainers and the development of new surgical techniques and assistive technologies during and following the American Civil War (1861-5), this book provides primary sources showing the impact of Victorian and Edwardian forms of medicalisation, institutionalisation, and commercialisation on the experiences of those with physical disabilities and deformities up to 1914, when the First World War radically altered the meanings, experiences and representations of the physically disabled once again. The volume is divided into three overlapping parts, allowing for a comprehensive but structured view of conceptions, experiences and representations of physical disability and deformity across the long nineteenth century. Each part will incorporate a variety of source material, ranging from medical accounts, personal testimony, literary representation, advertisements, ephemera, and images.

This collection is a four volume set of primary sources on British food history in the long nineteenth century (c.1789-1914). It will make the compelling case that food is central to understanding all aspects of nineteenth-century Britain, as food permeates every aspect of our society, economy, politics and culture. Food acquired special importance in Britain because of the Industrial Revolution, controversial famines in the colonies, rapid developments in food technologies that revolutionized production and the increasing influence of medicine, science and public health in our understandings of eating, digesting, diet and nutrition. Intertwined with these dramatic changes were reactions against modern ways of eating and a surge in interest in alternatives such as vegetarianism. The collection will offer a welcome, and vital, introduction to the rich primary source base available for students, educators and researchers.

Egyptology saw its birth as a science during the latter part of the nineteenth century, even though Westerners had been traveling there for millennia. These volumes will present several foundational texts of the discipline in this crucial century, showing throughout each volume the slow, and not quite complete, shift from an amateur pursuit to a professional field of study. In doing so this collection demonstrates that the timeline and specifics of the professionalization of science in the nineteenth century was often discipline specific. Yet, the collection also shows that there was a lot more at stake in this history than a story of gradually becoming a science. Long before the institutionalization of Egyptology, there were Western people traveling to Egypt for various reasons and collecting artefacts to send or take home. This collection will highlight and interrogate the foundational texts that made up the early years of the discipline, travel writings, issues on collecting Egypt, and Egypt’s place in fiction.

This is a 4-volume collection curating nineteenth-century British primary sources about pharmacy and pharmaceuticals, both of which were transformed during the course of the century.

This volume will focus on the products that are the most closely associated with pharmacy and on their commodification during the course of the century. It will include material relating to the sourcing of both natural and synthetic medicines which will help to illuminate processes of drug discovery and the rise of the pharmaceutical industry in Britain. Other topics addressed will include the invention of new dosage forms, the development of pharmaceutical technology, and the growth of proprietary medicines. It will also consider concerns with drug quality and safety and the preparation of a British Pharmacopoeia.