Critical Concepts in Psychology - Böcker

These four volumes present papers on the relationship between brain and behaviour, from the onset of its study in the mid-nineteenth century to the present day.In the mid-nineteenth century, the French physician Paul Broca performed an autopsy which revealed that the brain was critically involved in speech function. Since then, further profound observations and theoretical insights have continued, adding to the debate about the brain and behaviour relationship. The papers in this collection have been selected by the influence they have had on these developments.The articles are primarily concerned with behaviour rather than neuroanatomy, and will allow students and researchers the chance to survey the evidence in the link between brain and behaviour, spanning many areas of cognition.

Almost everything we do as humans is influenced by our personalities. This set of critical readings in personality theory brings together all the major contributions in the field. All the classical papers on the critical theories of personality are included, as well as more contemporary work on cross-cultural and social approaches. With an emphasis throughout on looking at major issues in personality work, key topics covered include:* how personality is defined* how personality can be measured* how personalities interact* how personality work should be conducted* how personality is applied in education, business and clinical settingsPresenting the most significant contributions of the last century available within one set of volumes, this seminal collection will be an invaluable resource for students, researchers and practitioners in psychology, as well as those from other areas such as business who wish to know more about personality theory.

These volumes reprint articles from a variety of international journals, book chapters and key technical reports, to take a broad look at how the field has developed from the turn of theTwentieth Century through to the turn of the twenty-first.Since the 1960s, there has been a boom in research on how the human mind both produces and comprehends language. Psycholinguistics - as a product of this boom - represents a synthesis between linguistics and psychology.The set covers the following topics:* Language Acquisition* The Mental Lexicon* Sentence Processing* Discourse and Meaning* Spoken Language Production* Reading* Disorders of Language and Production* Computational Models of Language Learning and Adult * Language Use

This new four-volume collection from Routledge is a Major Work which brings together both canonical and the very best cutting-edge thinking in organizational psychology. Organizational psychology is a broad field which has natural overlaps with other research areas such as organizational studies, organizational sociology, human resource management, individual differences, and management science. For this reason, the primary focus of the collection is on defining the unique contribution of psychology to work and organizations, and taking a critical perspective in reviewing theoretical developments, research evidence, and contributions to practice. It is an essential reference work and will be welcomed as a vital research resource by all scholars and students of the subject.

Social and Emotional Development, a new four-volume collection from Psychology Press, brings together the most influential and fundamental research in the area, providing readers with a vital overview of the basic theory and the empirical database regarding social and emotional development. The collection editors present a general developmental picture of the state-of-the-art in each area of social and emotional development. They have also written integrative commentaries (appearing as an introduction at the start of each volume) to situate the collected research topics in their historical and intellectual context, and to provide a snapshot of current issues in the field.The collection is an ideal introduction to social and emotional development for advanced undergraduates and graduate students, and will serve as an important reference for instructors. Indeed, teachers who are planning courses intended for advanced undergraduates and graduate students will find these volumes to be an ideal way of providing a comprehensive and in-depth coverage of research on social and emotional development. The chronological organization of three of the four volumes will allow instructors to use all three or to choose the book that best fits the needs of their course. The models-and-methods volume can be used in a similarly flexible or focused manner.For anyone interested in social and emotional development, this new Major Work constitutes a ‘mini library’ on the history of, and current debates in, social and emotional development. Beyond its immediate relevance to those working in developmental psychology, the collection will be of interest to individuals from disciplines including: counselling and school psychology, human development, family studies, kinesiology, sport psychology, educational psychology, sociology, anthropology, criminal justice (especially the collected material on aggression), child psychiatry, social work, early childhood education, and public policy.

The term ‘memory’ encompasses our recollections of past experiences, our ability to keep track of what is happening from moment to moment, our stored knowledge, including knowledge of words and their meanings, our habits, our recognition of objects and faces, and our ability to remember to do things in the future. As such, an understanding of memory is central to an understanding of human behaviour. Memory supports our ability to speak and decode language, to find our way around, to make rational decisions, and to function successfully in society. Moreover, memory of past life-events contributes to our unique individual personalities.Memory research has a long and important history within psychology and it continues to have fascinating everyday applications. Memory research has also helped us to understand the effects of brain damage, and has also been used to predict scholastic achievement and language development. However, memory has become such a broad field of study and research that it is extremely hard to keep up to date with new developments. The sheer scale of the growth in memory research output—and the breadth of the field—makes this new collection from Psychology Press especially timely and welcome. It will enable ready access to the most influential and important works across the full gamut of the discipline, encouraging a broader appreciation of the field and mutual influences within it.Edited by a leading memory researcher, the four volumes in this collection—on the structure of memory, memory processes (including theories of forgetting), working memory, and the constraints on memory—bring together carefully selected key historical papers along with cutting-edge research. The organization of the collection, broadly by research domain, together with the editor’s newly written Introduction, will enable users to make sense of the wide range of approaches, theories, and concepts that have informed memory research to date. It is an essential reference work destined to be valued as a vital research resource by all scholars and students of the subject.

Cognitive and biological ageing has become a fast-growing and dynamic area of study and research, and the scale of this acceleration in growth makes this new four-volume collection in the Psychology Press Major Works series, Critical Concepts in Psychology, especially timely.A primary question is why we and all other complex animals and plants age, a question studied mainly by biologists, and Volume I (‘Biological Bases of Ageing’) includes key research on models for ethological and evolutionary ageing. It also takes full account of the body of work on the genetics of animal and human ageing and on genes that directly cause, or that interact with environmental influences to cause, individual differences in the rate of age-related changes.A quite distinct field of research has been the development of models for cognitive changes in the brain that are based entirely on behavioural evidence. Volume II (‘Cognitive Ageing’) gathers together the most important work on the search for the neuropsychological bases of cognitive ageing and in so doing helps to make sense of the rapid growth of developments in this area.The third volume in this collection (‘Relating Cognitive Ageing to Brain Ageing’) makes available the most significant recent research on how the amounts and time-courses of gross age-related changes in local areas of the brain affect cotemporaneous global and local changes in cognitive performance.Finally, the material collected in Volume IV (‘The Effects of Health, Demographics and Social Conditions on Rates of Change in Old Age: Interpreting Data from Large Studies’) examines how the methodology of longitudinal studies and cross-sectional studies affects the conclusions that can be reached from each and explores recent statistical models to analyse complex data sets.With comprehensive introductions to each volume, newly written by the editor, which places the collected material in historical and scientific context, Psychology of Ageing is destined to be a vital work of reference. It will also be valued by scholars, students, and practitioners as a primary research resource.

Standing at the junction of psychology, neuroscience, and biology, cognitive neuroscience seeks to provide brain-based accounts of mental functions such as language, memory, perception, action, emotions, and decision-making. Its emergence as a coherent discipline came about relatively recently through the amalgamation of techniques that had already been in existence (such as research into the effects of brain lesion on cognition, and electrical recordings of the brain) with newly established techniques (principally brain-imaging methods), originally developed for medical diagnostic purposes.As cognitive neuroscience flourishes as never before, this new title in Psychology Press’s Major Works series, Critical Concepts in Psychology, meets the need for an authoritative reference work to make sense of the subject’s already vast literature and the continuing explosion in research output. Edited by a prominent scholar, and the author of the field’s leading student textbook, Cognitive Neuroscience is a four-volume collection of foundational and contemporary contributions.The four volumes are divided into eight principal sections: History, Methods, and Key Concepts; Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience; Perception and Attention; Action; Learning and Memory; Language; Executive Functions and Decision-Making; and Emotions and Social Neuroscience. The collection is also fully indexed and has a comprehensive introduction, newly written by the editors, which places the collected material in its historical, intellectual, and practical context. It is an essential work of reference and is destined to be valued by scholars and students of cognitive neuroscience as a vital one-stop research tool.

Questions about the meaning, purpose, and pursuit of happiness and well-being have been addressed by thinkers since ancient times but over the past decade or so there has been a tremendous upsurge of scholarly interest in the subject. This renewed interest has come from a variety of academic disciplines, including psychology, neuroscience, and economics. The field has, in particular, been galvanized by the advent of the positive psychology movement at the turn of the century. Especially in the United States, but also in the UK and on continental Europe, Australia, and parts of Asia, research and courses in positive psychology are thriving. Harvard University’s positive psychology course, for example, is currently the most popular offering in the college’s history.Governments and international organizations are also increasingly engaged by notions of well-being and happiness. The World Health Organization has recently redefined ‘health’ to include ‘psychological well-being’ and many national policy-makers have begun to recognize that measuring a nation’s success by traditional economic values alone no longer suffices and that we need also urgently to understand how people experience the quality of their lives.Beyond the academy and government, there is also immense interest in the promotion and examination of happiness and well-being in many professional disciplines such as coaching, education, clinical psychology, and community-building.As work on happiness and well-being flourishes as never before, this new title in Psychology Press’s Major Works series, Critical Concepts in Psychology, meets the need for an authoritative reference work to make sense of the subject’s vast literature and the continuing explosion in research output. Co-edited by two leading scholars, Happiness and Well-being is a four-volume collection of classic and contemporary contributions. Together, the four volumes provide a one-stop resource for all interested researchers, students, and policy-makers to gain a thorough understanding of the field, the variety of approaches, and where thinking on happiness and well-being is today. With comprehensive introductions to each volume, newly written by the editors, which place the collected material in its historical, intellectual, and practical context, Happiness and Well-being is an essential work of reference and a vital research tool.

Gordon W. Allport, one of social psychology’s founding fathers, described the subdiscipline as ‘an attempt to understand and explain how the thoughts, feelings and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined or implied presence of others’. From pioneering studies in the 1940s and 1950s, via the ‘cognitive revolution’ of the 1970s, to the emergence of sophisticated computerized methodologies and the wonders of functional MRI, social psychology remains a thriving enterprise.As serious work in social psychology continues to flourish as never before, this new title from Psychology Press meets the need for an authoritative reference work to map and make sense of a vast body of literature and a continuing explosion in research output. Edited by a leading scholar, Social Psychology is a four-volume collection which brings together the very best foundational and cutting-edge contributions. It is divided into four principal parts: Self and Social Cognition; Attitudes and Social Influence; Group Processes and Intergroup Relations; and Aggression and Love.The collection is fully indexed and has a comprehensive introduction, newly written by the editor, which places the gathered material in its historical and intellectual context. Clearly delineating the subdiscipline’s key turning points and critical transitions, Social Psychology will provide users with a new and coherent understanding of the subdiscipline’s evolution. It is an essential resource and is destined to be valued by scholars and students as a vital one-stop research tool.

Critical psychology has emerged as a vibrant site of research and reflection on the assumptions and practices of its host discipline. As serious scholarship flourishes in the area as never before, this new collection from the Routledge Major Works series, Critical Concepts in Psychology, meets the need for an authoritative reference work to map the terrain. In four volumes, Critical Psychology is an accessible database which brings together foundational and the best and most influential cutting-edge materials, including key works produced before the term ‘critical psychology’ gained wide currency but which anticipate approaches now included under that rubric.The collection is organized thematically. Volume I assembles vital research to examine and explore how critical psychology turns the gaze of the psychologist back upon the discipline. The volume includes influential critiques of the limits of dominant models, concepts, and methodological approaches. Volume II, meanwhile, focuses on the contradictions and spaces for resistance to such dominant assumptions in the discipline. The materials gathered here address the way mainstream psychology is structured, and show how it is possible to turn the incoherence of psychological research into a strength for critical work, bringing out contradictions in order to highlight new readings of phenomena described in different sub-fields of the discipline. Volume III goes beyond academic and professional psychology to study how psychology has recruited academics and professionals who use its ideas and appeal to its theories to back up their own programmes of normalization and pathologization. The work brought together in final volume interrogates the everyday, commonsensical psychology that people use around the world and demonstrates how this provides the basis for the deconstruction of psychology. The research collected here illustrates how individuals can draw upon the variety of different theories about our own different psychologies to interrupt and subvert the dominant stories that are told by many academic and professional psychologists.With a detailed and comprehensive introduction and commentary to each volume, Critical Psychology is destined to be welcomed as an essential work of reference and a crucial research tool.

In today’s sick world, the application of psychological research and methods to issues about and around health could not be more important. Health psychologists pursue ambitious goals, including: the promotion and maintenance of health; the prevention and management of illness; the improvement of healthcare systems; and the formulation of rational health policies. And they seek to understand dizzyingly difficult questions, such as: how do people adapt to chronic illness? What factors influence healthy eating? How is stress linked to heart disease? And, why do so many patients ignore medical advice and prescriptions?As research in and around health psychology burgeons as never before, this new four-volume collection from Routledge’s acclaimed Critical Concepts in Psychology series meets the need for an authoritative reference work to make sense of a rapidly growing and ever more complex corpus of literature. Edited by two leading scholars, the collection gathers foundational and canonical work, together with innovative and cutting-edge applications and interventions.With a full index, together with a comprehensive introduction, newly written by the editors, which places the collected material in its historical and intellectual context, Health Psychology will be particularly useful as a one-stop database allowing scattered and often fugitive material to be easily located. It will also be welcomed as a crucial tool permitting rapid access to less familiar—and sometimes overlooked—texts. For researchers and advanced students, it is a vital one-stop research and reference resource.

Nearly forty years after the passage of the Sex Discrimination and the Equal Pay Acts in the UK, and after similar legislative and judicial interventions in other jurisdictions around the world, women and men are still – by and large – following traditionally gendered educational and work careers. Everywhere, women, on average, earn less than men. (In Japan, for example, the International Federation of Business and Professional Women calculated that the wage difference between men and women was 29.4 per cent.) Women also remain significantly under-represented in the top jobs – including those fields of employment traditionally dominated by women. So, are women and men basically different kinds of people? Are they ‘programmed’ with different natural skills and abilities, things that we might call ‘masculinity’ and femininity’? And can these differences explain the continuing gender inequalities in our societies, or should we look for alternative explanations? If ‘gender’ is thought of as ‘the social significance of sex’, can the work of psychologists – alongside thinking from related disciplines – make sense of the apparently stubborn differences, divisions, and inequalities that continue to separate men and women in the twenty-first century?This new four-volume collection from Routledge’s acclaimed Critical Concepts in Psychology series addresses these and other urgent questions by bringing together the best foundational and cutting-edge scholarship on gender and psychology. And as serious academic and practical thinking continues to develop, the collection also enables users to navigate the rapidly growing, and ever more complex, corpus of literature.With a full index, and thoughtful introductions newly written by the editor, Gender and Psychology will be valued by scholars, students, and professionals in the field as a vital and enduring resource.

The fascinating and rapidly growing field of biological psychology—also widely known as biopsychology, behavioural neuroscience, or psychobiology—is concerned with the relationship between brain and behaviour. Broadly speaking, biological psychologists seek to understand dizzyingly difficult questions about how biological processes underlie normal (and abnormal) behaviour and other psychological states and processes.As research in and around biological psychology burgeons as never before, this new four-volume collection from Routledge’s acclaimed Critical Concepts in Psychology series meets the need for an authoritative reference work to make sense of a rapidly growing and ever more complex corpus of literature. Edited by two leading scholars, the collection gathers foundational and canonical work, together with innovative and cutting-edge applications and interventions.With a full index, together with a comprehensive introduction, newly written by the editors, which places the collected material in its historical and intellectual context, Biological Psychology is an essential work of reference. The collection will be particularly useful as an essential database allowing scattered and often fugitive material to be easily located. It will also be welcomed as a crucial tool permitting rapid access to less familiar—and sometimes overlooked—texts. For researchers and advanced students, it is a vital one-stop research and pedagogic resource.

In recent decades, the remit of forensic psychology has considerably widened. From an original, narrow focus on presenting evidence to the courts, its scope now spreads across the whole span of civil and criminal justice. Forensic psychologists are now intimately involved with suspects, offenders, victims, witnesses, defendants, litigants, and justice professionals. As serious academic and practical thinking in and around forensic psychology continues to develop, this new four-volume collection from Routledge’s acclaimed Critical Concepts in Psychology series meets the need for an authoritative reference work to make sense of a rapidly growing and ever more complex corpus of literature. Edited by a leading scholar and practitioner, the collection gathers the foundational major works together with the very best contemporary scholarship.With a full index, and thoughtful introductions, newly written by the editor, Forensic Psychology will be valued by scholars, students, and professionals in the field as a vital and enduring resource.

In our age of globalization and mass migration (where, for example, it is estimated that over twelve per cent of its current population was born outside the USA), the importance of successful communication between people of different linguistic and cultural backgrounds has never been greater. As traditional social and geographic boundaries have given way to increasingly complex representations of identity, new – and urgent – questions for psychologists, social scientists, and policymakers arise.As research in and around intercultural communication burgeons as never before, this new four-volume collection from Routledge’s acclaimed Critical Concepts in Psychology series meets the need for an authoritative reference work to make sense of a rapidly growing and ever more complex corpus of literature. Edited by a leading social psychologist, the collection is organized into four principal themes: intercultural differences; intercultural conflict; intercultural ideology; and intercultural integration. Intercultural Communication provides a one-stop ‘mini library’ of foundational and canonical work. The collection also includes cutting-edge analyses and discussions of theory and research, as well as major works addressing social intervention and policy implications.

Attention has long been recognized as a central topic in human psychology. And, in an increasingly ‘connected’ world, understanding our attentional networks—in particular, their role in the selection of information, the maintenance of alertness and self-control, and the management of emotions—is, arguably, more important than ever.As research in and around the psychology of attention continues to flourish, this new four-volume collection from Routledge meets the need for an authoritative reference work to make sense of a complex body of research. The materials gathered in Volume I include explorations of the limits of attention and early empirical work on methods to probe brain activity. The major works collected in the second volume examine critical theories that allow computer programs to simulate and predict how attention operates, while Volume III is organized around the use of brain imaging, cellular recording, and optogenetics to delineate how the brain carries out the functions of attention. The final volume connects studies of attention to applications, including: connectivity to electronic media; brain-based educational curricula, the economics of decision making, and psychopathologies.With a full index, together with a comprehensive introduction, newly written by the editor, which places the collected material in its historical and intellectual context, The Psychology of Attention is an essential work of reference. The collection will be particularly useful as a database allowing scattered and often fugitive material to be easily located. It will also be welcomed as a crucial tool permitting rapid access to less familiar—and sometimes overlooked—texts. For researchers and advanced students, it is a vital one-stop research and instructional resource.

The consequences of globalization and mass migration are such that, it has been estimated, over 200 million people are living in countries other than where they were born. And as formerly homogeneous societies evolve into multicultural entities with traditional social and geographic boundaries giving way to increasingly complex representations of identity, new—and urgent—questions for psychologists, social scientists, and policymakers arise.As research in and around cross-cultural psychology burgeons as never before, this new four-volume collection from Routledge meets the need for an authoritative reference work to make sense of a rapidly growing and ever more complex corpus of literature. Edited by two leading scholars, the collection is organized into four principal sections: Basic Issues; Theory and Method; Substantive Findings in Basic Processes; and Substantive Findings in Applied Issues. Cross-Cultural Psychology provides a one-stop ‘mini library’ of foundational and canonical work. The collection also includes cutting-edge analyses and discussions of theory and research, alongside major works addressing policy implications.

Aphasia—from the Greek aphatos (‘speechless’)—describes impairments and disabilities in the use of language arising from, for example, strokes, trauma, tumours, surgery, or progressive brain deterioration. It includes problems with the expression and comprehension of language in speech, reading, writing, and signing.Research in and around aphasia continues to flourish such that, even for specialist aphasiologists, it is extremely hard to keep up to date with developments. There is a real threat of laboratory-based human research, neuropsychology, computational-modelling research, and brain-imaging studies proceeding in ignorance of each other. Indeed, the sheer scale of the growth in cognitive neuroscience makes this collection especially timely and welcome; it permits ready access to the most influential and important works across the full breadth of the discipline.The materials gathered in Volume I include explorations of the foundations of aphasiology. The major works collected in the second volume examine theoretical developments, while Volume III is organized around contemporary issues in aphasiology. The final volume makes sense of clinical issues, such as recovery, assessment, and rehabilitation.With a full index, together with a comprehensive introduction, newly written by the editor, which places the collected material in its historical and intellectual context, Aphasia is an essential work of reference. For researchers and advanced students, it is a vital one-stop research and instructional resource.