Environmental Contamination Remediation and Management – serie

This book further x-rays global laws and economic policies targeted at effectively curtailing the presence of harmful oxyanions in water, challenges facing these policies, and future perspectives on how best to reduce the level of these harmful oxyanions in water to safe limit.

This book further x-rays global laws and economic policies targeted at effectively curtailing the presence of harmful oxyanions in water, challenges facing these policies, and future perspectives on how best to reduce the level of these harmful oxyanions in water to safe limit.

Furthermore, the distribution of plastic in the ocean is not independent of terrestrial ecosystem dynamics, since much of the plastic in marine ecosystems originates from land and should therefore be evaluated in the context of the larger plastic cycle.

Furthermore, the distribution of plastic in the ocean is not independent of terrestrial ecosystem dynamics, since much of the plastic in marine ecosystems originates from land and should therefore be evaluated in the context of the larger plastic cycle.

Hence, the remediation of polluted land is essential for regaining biodiversity and ecosystems services and thereby achieving United Nations-Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs).This fact showed the need to develop research into land remediation.

Hence, the remediation of polluted land is essential for regaining biodiversity and ecosystems services and thereby achieving United Nations-Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs).This fact showed the need to develop research into land remediation.

Environmental contaminants are chemicals that accidentally or deliberately enter the environment, often, but not always, as a result of human activities. Some of these contaminants may have been manufactured for industrial use, and because they are very stable, they do not break down easily. If released to the environment, these contaminants may enter the food chain. Other environmental contaminants are naturally occurring chemicals, but industrial activity may increase their mobility or increase the amount available to circulate in the environment, allowing them to enter the food chain at higher levels than would otherwise occur. Environmental contaminants influence the physiological cell reactions at different and heterogeneous basics and lead to altering in normal cell function primarily at the molecular and biochemical level. Molecular responses to such common environmental stresses have been studied intensively over the last few years, in which there is an intricate network of signaling pathways controlling perception of these environmental stress signals, the generation of second messengers and signal transduction. Recent advances in many areas of plant and microbial research, including genotyping, make scientists optimistic that valuable solutions will be found to allow deployment/commercialization of strategies better able to tolerate these environmental stresses.Environmental remediation was historically viewed as an inherently sustainable activity, as it restores contamination; however, researchers and practitioners are increasingly recognizing that there can be substantial environmental footprints and socioeconomic costs associated with remediation. Sustainability is an imperative in the emerging green and sustainable remediation movement, which is reshaping the entire remediation industry.Understanding the significant roles of sustainable or eco-friendly approaches in mitigating environmental contaminants, the current subject has recently attracted the attention of scientists from across the globe. This comprehensive volume “Sustainable Management of Environmental Contaminants: Eco-friendly Remediation Approaches" highlights the various prospects involved in current scenario. The current volume comprises the chapters from diverse areas dealing with biotechnology, microbial technology, nanotechnology, molecular biology, green and sustainable remediation, etc. I am hopeful that this volume will furnish the requisite of all those who are working or have interest in the current topic.

Environmental contaminants are chemicals that accidentally or deliberately enter the environment, often, but not always, as a result of human activities. Some of these contaminants may have been manufactured for industrial use, and because they are very stable, they do not break down easily. If released to the environment, these contaminants may enter the food chain. Other environmental contaminants are naturally occurring chemicals, but industrial activity may increase their mobility or increase the amount available to circulate in the environment, allowing them to enter the food chain at higher levels than would otherwise occur. Environmental contaminants influence the physiological cell reactions at different and heterogeneous basics and lead to altering in normal cell function primarily at the molecular and biochemical level. Molecular responses to such common environmental stresses have been studied intensively over the last few years, in which there is an intricate network of signaling pathways controlling perception of these environmental stress signals, the generation of second messengers and signal transduction. Recent advances in many areas of plant and microbial research, including genotyping, make scientists optimistic that valuable solutions will be found to allow deployment/commercialization of strategies better able to tolerate these environmental stresses.Environmental remediation was historically viewed as an inherently sustainable activity, as it restores contamination; however, researchers and practitioners are increasingly recognizing that there can be substantial environmental footprints and socioeconomic costs associated with remediation. Sustainability is an imperative in the emerging green and sustainable remediation movement, which is reshaping the entire remediation industry.Understanding the significant roles of sustainable or eco-friendly approaches in mitigating environmental contaminants, the current subject has recently attracted the attention of scientists from across the globe. This comprehensive volume “Sustainable Management of Environmental Contaminants: Eco-friendly Remediation Approaches" highlights the various prospects involved in current scenario. The current volume comprises the chapters from diverse areas dealing with biotechnology, microbial technology, nanotechnology, molecular biology, green and sustainable remediation, etc. I am hopeful that this volume will furnish the requisite of all those who are working or have interest in the current topic.

This textbook provides an overview of applications of advanced nanomaterials, basic lab set up and requirements in for their synthesis, techniques and career scope of nanotechnology in industries and research.Pollution of air, water, soil is an ever increasing environmental problem attributed to increasing population, global industrialization and unplanned urbanization, has acquired alarming dimensions. It is the most dangerous and worst problem that puts the lives of people, animals, and plants on the earth in danger. An effective, efficient and sustainable approach for managing pollution related problems requires the utmost attention of the scientific community to tackle this menace for the society to lead a healthy and quality life. A number of techniques and books, literatures have been developed in recent years to treat environmental contaminants. However, most of these are not economically viable, environmentally benign and suffer due to cumbersome multi-step manipulations. The purpose of this textbook is to inform students about the application of functionalized nanoparticles as a new approach to supplement traditional treatment methods in cost and time effective manner. The simplistic means to assemble nanoparticles to the constituents of next generation technologies in environment cleanup and sensing are the main objectives of the book. The toxicological footprinting of released advanced functional nanomaterials in ecosystem will also be discussed in the book.

This textbook provides an overview of applications of advanced nanomaterials, basic lab set up and requirements in for their synthesis, techniques and career scope of nanotechnology in industries and research.Pollution of air, water, soil is an ever increasing environmental problem attributed to increasing population, global industrialization and unplanned urbanization, has acquired alarming dimensions. It is the most dangerous and worst problem that puts the lives of people, animals, and plants on the earth in danger. An effective, efficient and sustainable approach for managing pollution related problems requires the utmost attention of the scientific community to tackle this menace for the society to lead a healthy and quality life. A number of techniques and books, literatures have been developed in recent years to treat environmental contaminants. However, most of these are not economically viable, environmentally benign and suffer due to cumbersome multi-step manipulations. The purpose of this textbook is to inform students about the application of functionalized nanoparticles as a new approach to supplement traditional treatment methods in cost and time effective manner. The simplistic means to assemble nanoparticles to the constituents of next generation technologies in environment cleanup and sensing are the main objectives of the book. The toxicological footprinting of released advanced functional nanomaterials in ecosystem will also be discussed in the book.

This book focuses on the topic of ecotoxicology of aquatic macrophytes and is wide ranging, including the use of macrophytes for remediation of contaminated sites. Many human activities are threats to the equilibrium of natural ecosystems. Pollution from point and non-point sources can be assessed using a variety of techniques, such as biomonitoring, biomarkers and biosensors. In aquatic ecosystems, biomonitoring of pollutants is mostly conducted by analysis of the tissues of invertebrates and fishes, and biomarker studies are also more widely applied to animals rather than in plants. Aquatic macrophytes occupy a key niche in aquatic ecosystems and provide a range of ecosystem services. In addition to their role in primary production, vegetation plays a key role in the cycling and retention of nutrients and generally acts as a sink for pollutants. Therefore, because of their importance to aquatic ecosystems, more attention should be paid to understanding the fate of pollutants and to developing methods to evaluate the health status of macrophytic plants in freshwater, marine and estuarine environments.

This book focuses on the topic of ecotoxicology of aquatic macrophytes and is wide ranging, including the use of macrophytes for remediation of contaminated sites. Aquatic macrophytes occupy a key niche in aquatic ecosystems and provide a range of ecosystem services.

This open access book synthesizes important advances in the assessment and management of soil and groundwater systems contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons, especially in the form of light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs).

This open access book synthesizes important advances in the assessment and management of soil and groundwater systems contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons, especially in the form of light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs).

This book summarizes approaches that integrate the environmental, economic, and physical domains with the values, and needs of the population are necessary to develop sustainable strategies that will enhance the resilience of small islands, within the context of inter-island differences in geology, ecology, societal attitudes, governance, and human and economic resources. The impacts of coastal damage and flooding are predicted to worsen during this century due to rising sea levels and increases in the frequency and intensity of storms. The usual approach to coastal protection in Small Island Developing States (SIDS) in the Caribbean is to view both the hazards and the solutions from the “Ocean Side” perspective and to react with “hard” engineering solutions. These structural engineering approaches prevent damage and disruptions to services associated with predictable events but leave communities vulnerable to future events that do not follow historical trends. Furthermore, engineered structures do not adequately address the systemic nature of climate change nor account for compounding threats (e.g., coincidence of hurricane season and global pandemics). To move from this traditional strategy for managing risks from coastal hazards, we need to consider a portfolio of solutions that enhance island protection and community resilience. Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) are gaining attention as practical and cost-effective approaches for mitigating climate-based stressors. However, deployment of NBS strategies requires spatial coordination within the context of “ridge to reef” or integrated water resource management (IWRM) approaches that include the creation of conditions for social acceptance, equity, effective governance, and financial incentives.

This book summarizes approaches that integrate the environmental, economic, and physical domains with the values, and needs of the population are necessary to develop sustainable strategies that will enhance the resilience of small islands, within the context of inter-island differences in geology, ecology, societal attitudes, governance, and human and economic resources. The impacts of coastal damage and flooding are predicted to worsen during this century due to rising sea levels and increases in the frequency and intensity of storms. The usual approach to coastal protection in Small Island Developing States (SIDS) in the Caribbean is to view both the hazards and the solutions from the “Ocean Side” perspective and to react with “hard” engineering solutions. These structural engineering approaches prevent damage and disruptions to services associated with predictable events but leave communities vulnerable to future events that do not follow historical trends. Furthermore, engineered structures do not adequately address the systemic nature of climate change nor account for compounding threats (e.g., coincidence of hurricane season and global pandemics). To move from this traditional strategy for managing risks from coastal hazards, we need to consider a portfolio of solutions that enhance island protection and community resilience. Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) are gaining attention as practical and cost-effective approaches for mitigating climate-based stressors. However, deployment of NBS strategies requires spatial coordination within the context of “ridge to reef” or integrated water resource management (IWRM) approaches that include the creation of conditions for social acceptance, equity, effective governance, and financial incentives.

This edited book brings together a diverse group of researchers to address the challenges posed by global mass poisoning caused by lead contamination of soil and plants. Lead is among the elements that have been most extensively used by man over time. This has led to extensive pollution of surface soils on the local scale, mainly associated with mining and smelting of the metal and addition of organic lead compounds to petrol. Release of lead to the atmosphere from various high-temperature processes has led to surface contamination on the regional and even global scale. Lead is particularly strongly bound to humic matter in organic-rich soil and to iron oxides in mineral soil and is rather immobile in the soil unless present at very high concentrations. In addition, plants grown on lead-rich soils incorporate lead and thus the concentration of lead in crop plants may be increased. Lead enters in the food chain through consumption of plant material. A high concentration of lead has been found to be harmful to vegetation. As the lead concentration increases, it adversely affects several biological parameters and eventually renders the soil barren. The book sheds light on this global environmental issue and proposes solutions to contamination through multi-disciplinary approaches.This book contains three sections. First section describes the different sources and distribution of lead in soil and plant ecosystems. Second section explains the health risks linked to lead toxicity. Third section addresses sustainable lead toxicity mitigation strategies using the potential applications of recent biological technology.This book is a valuable resource to students, academics, researchers, and environmental professionals doing field work on contamination throughout the world.

This edited book brings together a diverse group of researchers to address the challenges posed by global mass poisoning caused by lead contamination of soil and plants. In addition, plants grown on lead-rich soils incorporate lead and thus the concentration of lead in crop plants may be increased.

This book provides an overview of the history of this site and the complex effects of the hydrological and ecological changes through the landscape changes, vegetation adaptation, biovector contamination, and ultimately habitat restoration.

This book provides an overview of the history of this site and the complex effects of the hydrological and ecological changes through the landscape changes, vegetation adaptation, biovector contamination, and ultimately habitat restoration. Big Meadow Bog (Brier Island, Nova Scotia, Canada) is a wetland ecosystem with a history of human disturbance. It was ditched for small-scale blueberry production in the 1950s, which significantly altered the hydrology of the system and resulted in vegetation changes and colonization by 3000+ pairs of herring gulls by the 1980s. It is also host to the endangered plant species Eastern Mountain Avens which was the impetus for restoration of the site. This book provides the background to the restoration decisions, the monitoring and science post-restoration and the lessons learned from the science and through collaboration with government and community.

Petroleum pollution is the greatest concern for human ‎societies, potentially solved by bioremediation- a demonstrable approach for restoration of the environment. In the ‎matter of petroleum contaminated soil and sediment, numerous bioremediation ‎methods are available. This causes uncertainty in the accuracy of results, time performance, and financial efficiency.‎ Co-composting, mycoremediation, phytoremediation and, bio-piles are ‎biological methods with reliable results. ‎However, such methods have gray areas and ‎are elusive. In this book we attempt to provide essential ‎guidance and key points for running successful bioremediation ‎of petroleum contaminated areas.‎ Use of bioremediation ‎in full-scale projects requires a greater concentration of knowledge than seen in ‎published articles alone. This book gathers neglected knowledge for effective bioremediation in petroleum contaminated soil and sediment.

The term white pollution describes the various types of large number of plastics products in the ecosystem worldwide. Because plastics material and its by-products are difficult to degrade, they remained constantly present in the soils, water bodies and in the atmosphere. Persistent plastic materials undergo fragmentation and dispersion through currents and wind, which also leads to their limited degradation. As a result, marine, soils and atmospheric environments worldwide contain an abundance of plastic particles. In contrast to the effects of ingestion or entanglement observed in larger organisms, the interaction between microorganisms and plastics is distinctly different. Plastics serve as habitats and swiftly attract dense biofilms composed microorganisms on their surfaces, known as the "Plastisphere" This Plastisphere represents a portion of the global ecosystem characterized by floating plastic debris and the associated microbes and other organisms.Plastisphere may deplete phosphorus, stripping it away from other organisms. Additionally, the plastisphere could act as a reservoir for the transmission of human diseases since fish and shellfish consume minute plastic fragments harboring Vibrio and cholera-like bacteria, leading to foodborne illnesses. Due to the long persistence of plastic, microbes within the plastisphere can be transported over significant distances, presenting a potential source of invasive species. If these microbes are transferred across various ecosystems within the ocean, air, and soil, they could impact native microbial populations and the larger organisms that depend on them. Additionally, the plastisphere has the potential to modify plastic debris, which can alter its impact on an ecosystem, making it either more or less harmful. As a society, we acknowledge that plastic marine debris poses a predicament. However, we lack solutions to even the most basic inquiries, such as the quantity and nature of plastic present in the ocean, soils, air and their origin. The microorganisms that constitute the plastisphere may influence the destiny and repercussions of plastic within marine ecosystems. Microscopic and molecular sequence data demonstrate that the plastisphere is composed of primary producers, heterotrophs, symbionts, and predators. The interactions between phytoplankton and bacteria are crucial for facilitating the ecological cycles of the Earth and shaping the structure of food webs in the oceans. This interconnection between autotrophic organisms and other microorganisms is also evident within the plastisphere.This book publication going by the available facts and global trends of plastics production, therefore addresses the new emerging occurrence, distribution and degradation of marine white plastisphere, plastisphere in soil plant uptake and the role in food security and the sources, prevalence and effects of the atmospheric plastisphere to humans and other organisms.

This comprehensive volume delves into the intricacies of delta ecosystems, focusing on the transition from contamination to conservation. It addresses the critical challenges faced by these unique environments and introduces innovative solutions essential for sustainable restoration practices. Central to the discussion is the strategic improvement of restoration infrastructure and methods, aimed at reducing environmental impact while enhancing ecological health. The book emphasizes an interdisciplinary approach, demonstrating how collaboration among civil engineers, environmental scientists, and conservation experts can lead to the development of more effective restoration projects. Globally, over 600 million people reside in delta regions. Human activities in these areas, including their supplying canals, rivers, and estuaries, exert significant pressure on the natural resources and habitat equilibrium of deltas, leading to resource degradation and threatening the livelihoods and lives of inhabitants.This book advocates for a sustainable future for delta's worldwide and the communities that depend on them. A significant part of the book is dedicated to exploring sustainable solutions and best practices in water management, such as optimizing water use efficiency, ensuring water quality, and implementing innovative techniques to reduce water consumption and prevent pollution. It also examines the potential for integrating new materials and technologies into restoration efforts, including bio filtration systems and renewable energy sources. By applying circular economy principles to waste management in restoration projects, the book underscores a commitment to comprehensive sustainability. The findings support the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Agenda 2030, providing guidance to countries with delta regions to preserve their natural resources for future generations.

Bioremediation, a process that harnesses the power of nature to clean up pollution, has emerged as a sustainable and cost-effective solution to address the growing threat of emerging environmental contaminants. As human activities continue to release a myriad of novel chemicals into the environment, traditional remediation methods often prove inadequate. Bioremediation, on the other hand, offers a promising alternative by leveraging the metabolic capabilities of microorganisms and plants to degrade or immobilize these pollutants. The urgency of this subject matter is underscored by the alarming rate at which emerging contaminants are infiltrating our ecosystems. For instance, microplastics, pharmaceuticals, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are increasingly detected in water bodies, soils, and even human tissues. These contaminants pose significant risks to human health and wildlife, disrupting endocrine systems, impairing immune function, and causing developmental disorders. Statistical evidence further highlights the pressing need for innovative solutions. A recent study by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) revealed that plastic pollution has reached epidemic proportions, with an estimated 8 million metric tons entering the oceans annually. Similarly, the World Health Organization (WHO) has reported the widespread presence of pharmaceuticals in water sources, raising concerns about potential long-term health impacts. By harnessing the natural biodegradation processes of microorganisms and plants, bioremediation offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to mitigate these challenges.

This book describes how natural or constructed wetlands can be used to reduce pollution of freshwater and coastal ecosystems, while still preserving their biodiversity and ecological functions.