Lodz Studies in Language – serie

The book presents an application of inductive and deductive research modes in an analysis of political discourse. The discussion is illustrated with text samples from inaugural addresses of US presidents and various speeches given by prominent NATO politicians. It is argued that both analytic approaches have their inherent inadequacies, which poses a need for an integrated research mode. Also, numerous observations are made about the rhetoric of the analyzed text types.

The volume brings together contributions from scholars active in the field of pronunciation teaching and those more concerned with theoretical phonetics and phonology. The focus of the book is on English phonetics and phonology viewed and studied from the perspective of foreign learners, teachers and teacher trainers. Contributions are divided into three sections: accents, speech and applications. The first section discusses a variety of issues related to accents: description of accents in Britain today, theoretical perspectives on accent study and the problem of reference accent in teaching. The main concern of the contributions in the second section is the context for phonetics and phonology teaching at the university level and in teacher training with emphasis on awareness raising. The third section presents studies in interlanguage phonetics and phonology, speech processing and pronunciation teaching.

The distinction between literal and nonliteral meaning can be traced back to folk models about the relationship between language and the world. According to these models, sentences can be seen as building a representation of the world they describe, and understanding a sentence means knowing how each linguistic element affects the construction of the representation. Papers in this volume connect these folk models to the more scientific notions of the literal/nonliteral distinction proposed by philosophers, linguists, and cognitive scientists. The current volume examines the literal/nonliteral distinction from a number of disciplinary and theoretical perspectives, outlining some of the problematic assumptions in traditional paradigms and pointing to promising directions for the study of meaning.

Information and communication technology (ICT) has dramatically altered the world’s social and economic landscape and is now gaining momentum in the realm of language studies. Corpora and ICT in Language Studies attempts to signal and document this phenomenon by bringing together twenty-nine contributions authored by both seasoned researchers and newcomers to the field. The contributions range from more traditional corpus-based or corpus-driven studies to those incorporating ICT as an integral part of their methodology. The volume includes a selection of conference papers given at PALC 2005, the fifth conference in the biennial cycle of meetings organized by the Department of English Language at Łódź University, as well as a number of invited papers. The papers are grouped in three parts: corpora in empirical language studies, cognitive linguistics and e-learning.

Contents: Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk: PALC 2007: Where are we now? – Paul Rayson/Dawn Archer/Alistair Baron/Nicholas Smith: Travelling through time with corpus annotation software – Eugene H. Casad: Parsing texts and compiling a dictionary with shoebox – Belinda Maia/Rui Silva/Anabela Barreiro/Cecília Fróis: ‘N-grams in search of theories’ – Piotr Pęzik/Jung-jae Kim/Dietrich Rebholz-Schuhmann: MedEvi - A permuted concordancer for the biomedical domain – Patrick Hanks: Why the «word sense disambiguation problem» can’t be solved, and what should be done instead – Rafał

Contents: Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk/Katarzyna Dziwirek: Emergence of Cognitive Corpus Linguistics – Piotr Pęzik: Extraction of multiword expressions for corpus-based discourse analysis – Galina I. Kustova/Olga N. Lashevskaja/Elena V. Paducheva/Ekaterina V. Rakhilina: Verb Taxonomy: From theoretical lexical semantics to practice of corpus tagging – Karen Sullivan: Grammatical constructions in metaphoric language – Monika Kopytowska: Corpus linguistics and an eclectic approach to the study of news - the mechanism of framing – Hanna Pułaczewska: Syntactic reduplication as an ironically-driven pragmatic principle in the spoken language –

Contents: Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk: Translation studies: Cognitive linguistics and corpora – Marcel Thelen: Translation studies: Terminology in theory and practice – Jeanne Dancette: Understanding translators’ understanding – Kinga Klaudy: Specification and generalisation of meaning in translation – Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk: Re-conceptualization and the emergence of discourse meaning as a theory of translation – Wolfgang Lörscher: Form- and sense-oriented approaches to translation revisited – Peter Newmark: Translation and culture (dedicated now to the dear memory of a fine translation teacher and translation critic Gunilla Anderson) – Christiane Nord: Text function and meaning in Skopos-oriented translation – Anthony Pym: Discursive persons and the limits of translation – Mary Snell-Hornby: Word against text. Lexical semantics and translation theory (Revisited) – Sonja Tirkkonen-Condit: Prototype definition of translation revisited – Gideon Toury: What’s the problem with ‘translation problem’? – Christiane Fellbaum: Translating with a semantic net: Matching words and concepts – Ernst-August Gutt: Relevance: A key to quality assessment in translation – Mildred Larson: Translating secondary functions of grammatical structure – Adrienne Lehrer: Problems in the translation of creative neologisms – Albrecht Neubert: Translation contextualised. How electronic text worlds are revolutionising the context of translation – Eugene Nida: Future trends in the Bible translating – Rita Temmerman: Why special language translators need insight into the mechanisms of metaphorical models and figurative denominations – Marcel Thelen: Translating figurative language revisited: Towards a framework for the interpretation of the image behind figurative language as a first step in the translation process – Anna Bednarczyk: Intersemiotic dominant of translation – Łukasz Bogucki: The demise of voice-over? Audiovisual translation in Poland in the 21st century – Mona Baker: Linguistics and the training of translators and interpreters – Belinda Maia: The role of translation theory in the teaching of general and non-literary translation – revisited.ÿ

The papers in this collection discuss broadly understood cognitive turns in the philosophy of language, inspired by the Chomskyan revolution in linguistics, Langacker’s and Lakoff’s Cognitive Linguistics, but also phenomenology, Relevance Theory and Classical Indian Philosophy. The individual texts investigate, from different angles, the relations between philosophy of language and linguistics, and contribute to the development of theoretical frameworks for studying language. Most of the contributions were presented at the first International Conference on Philosophy of Language and Linguistics, PhiLang2009 (University of Łódź, May 2009).

The book’s principal argument is that the concepts of Cognitive Linguistics offer considerable explanatory potential which can be systematically used in accounts of translation, and especially of subtitling as its more specifically constrained audiovisual mode. Authentic English-to-Polish subtitling data are explored to uncover patterns of construal reconfiguration which can be categorised with the use of cognitive semantic constructs. The author also examines other hypotheses: spatio-temporal constraints, for example, do not always directly account for the reductionist alterations of the source text in subtitling. Also, target construals need not display lower granularity levels than original construals and granularity can de facto be boosted via subtitling. And last, but not least, the conventionalisation of language structures used in subtitles can be higher than that of the original expressions.

«Bringing together specialists from linguistics, psychology and philosophy, the book offers an exciting collection of papers assessing the conceptual representation of emotion and the conceptual relationship between emotion and language. The specific issues addressed include the analyses, based on corpus and cross-linguistic methodologies, of emotions such as pride, guilt, hope, despair, satisfaction, fear and anger in a number of languages, and how language shapes socialisation practices, such as in bilinguals. Finally, it provides good examples of the methods – from metaphor analysis to experimental studies – used to achieve a better understanding of the complexity and multi-dimensionality of the conceptualisation of emotion and the emotion-language relationship. Researchers and advanced students are likely to find this book an important reference work.» (Vanda L. Zammuner, University of Padova, Italy)

This volume contains papers which reflect current discussions in the study of speech actions. The collection was inspired by the papers presented at Meaning, Context and Cognition, the first international conference integrating cognitive linguistics and pragmatics initiated by the Department of English Language and Applied Linguistics of the University of Łódź (Poland) in 2011 and held annually. The necessarily heterogeneous field of research into speech actions is approached by the contributors from various perspectives and with focus on different types of data. The papers have been grouped into four sections which subsequently emphasise theoretical linguistics issues, lexical pragmatics, speech act-theoretic problems, and cognitive processes.

Culture and language provide two essential frameworks to deal with the concept of time. They view time as observer-determined and thus shed light on multiple and often conflicting temporalities we live in, think, and talk about. Relying on empirical methods, the book explores linguistic and psychological parameters of time perception and conceptualization. It deals, among others, with temporal aspects of language acquisition, neural mechanisms of memory and attention, as well as event structures. Further chapters focus on the understanding of time in philosophy, literature, the arts, and non-verbal communication.

This book is a collection of articles covering the theme of interaction. Interaction combines two crucial elements: the intrapersonal and the interpersonal. Accordingly, the authors approach this issue from two complementary perspectives: from the internal and external or cognitive and social perspective. The papers that take the former perspective focus on cognitive bases of interaction, on the representation of motion, on metaphor and metonymy, or gestures, perception and cognition. The topic that dominates the papers that take the social stance towards the topic of interaction is identity. By applying a variety of new analytical tools and concepts, the authors show how we build images of ourselves through language, how society and institutions mould us into different categories, and how we negotiate our membership of these categories.

This book shows the evolution of the Concise Oxford Dictionary, a famous and innovative dictionary for native speakers of English. It traces changes in the dictionary from 1911 to recent times. By comparing samples from each edition, the author provides insights into the revisions of the dictionary. The analysis sheds light on the editors’ policy on various aspects of the dictionary’s structure, including definition style, vocabulary selection and sense discrimination. The study shows how the editors abandoned the telegraphic style of definitions and adapted them to the needs of the target users. As the dictionary evolved towards greater user-friendliness, it also aimed at broader vocabulary coverage.

Audiovisual translation continues to be a dynamically developing genre, stimulated by interdisciplinary research and technological advances. This volume presents recent developments in the area. Renowned scholars in the field discuss aspects of captioning, revoicing and accessibility, as well as research methods such as eyetracking. The discussion occasionally departs from the confines of audiovisual translation proper, to tackle related areas such as translation for advertising purposes.

The papers reflect on «visions» and «revisions» of selected theoretical and applied linguistic issues. Methodologically, they all reflect and contribute to the polarization between form- and substance-oriented approaches that are typically identified with, respectively, structural and functional paradigms. The diversity of standpoints exemplified and the divergence of operational tools employed make the volume a representative spectrum of the on-going developments in how language is conceptualized and analyzed as both an abstract entity and as a medium of communication, language teaching and learning included. For this reason, the readers will find as much of structural considerations as of functional reflections and practical applications.

«Empirical Methods in Language Studies» presents 22 papers employing a broad range of empirical methods in the analysis of various aspects of language and communication. The individual texts offer contributions to the description of conceptual strategies, syntax, semantics, non-verbal communication, language learning, discourse, and literature.

This volume has its origins in an international conference on emotions organized by the Polish Association for the Study of English and held at the University of Wrocaw in April 2015. In the course of the conference, it became clear that emotions are productively explored with relation to motion for the reason that emotion(s) and motion(s) constitute profoundly intertwined dimensions of physical and cultural embodiment reflected in language. The relationship between motion(s) and emotion(s) became the underlying theme of this volume, which comprises nineteen contributions presenting exploratory and applicative accounts of (e)motion(s) situated in topical research areas of linguistic theory, second language acquisition, and translation studies.

«The volume reflects latest trends and developments in the field of translator and interpreter training research, reconciling both theoretical and empirical approaches. The strength of the edited volume lies in its thematic and conceptual consistency, presentation and application of a variety of innovative methodologies and approaches and providing interesting, research-based practical solutions that can be effectively used in the classroom. I am deeply convinced that the volume constitutes a valuable, thought-provoking and useful contribution to the field that will be of interest to the community of researchers and educators.» Dr hab. Joanna Dybiec-Gajer, Associate Professor, Pedagogical University of Cracow

The volume contains a selection of articles on current theoretical issues in Translation Studies and literary translation. The authors are experts in their fields from renowned universities in the world. The book will be an indispensable aid for trainers and researchers, but may be of interest to anyone interested or active in translation and interpreting. A companion volume in this series contains articles on audiovisual translation, translator training and domain-specific issues.

The monograph discusses the relation between language and visual culture, focusing on two Chaucerian narratives, «Knight’s Tale» and «Troilus and Criseyde». The study highlights the significance of the continuity of imagery in language and material culture for cultural transmission, providing insights into the relation between Chaucer’s linguistic usage and the late medieval symbolic tradition. Undertaken within the Cognitive Linguistic framework, the research indicates the usefulness of adopting a panchronic perspective on the development of language and culture.

This book contains a selection of articles on new developments in translation and interpreting studies. It offers a wealth of new and innovative approaches to the didactics of translation and interpreting that may well change the way in which translators and interpreters are trained. They include such issues of current debate as assessment methods and criteria, assessment of competences, graduate employability, placements, skills labs, the perceived skills gap between training and profession, the teaching of terminology, and curriculum design. The authors are experts in their fields from renowned universities in Europe, Africa and North-America. The book will be an indispensable help for trainers and researchers, but may also be of interest to translators and interpreters.

This collection of papers addresses new trends in Cognitive Linguistics. Three parts of the book focus on Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Integration Network Analysis. Both the theoretical contributions and the empirical case studies stress the importance of contextual factors in the meaning making processes. They employ qualitative methods to analyze the use of metaphor in political discourse and in the conceptualization of emotions. The data sets include multimodal data, sign languages and co-speech gestures. The fourth part of the book contains two corpus-based studies. The fifth part concentrates on the grammatical categories of passive voice and aspect. One contribution discusses the problem of categorization in phonology.

The central focus of the book is the identification of the ways people engage in communicative encounters to (re)constitute personal and social identities. Its aim is to identify some principal themes that have emerged from the ample research on identity in a variety of contexts. A common thread of the articles is the role of language in the construction and performance of identities. It embraces an exploration of the sociocultural environments in which human communication takes place, the interplay between these environments, and the construction and display of identities through our communicative performances. Research located in a range of literary, sociological, psychological and linguistic perspectives is used to illustrate the potential of communication in establishing a sense of identity.

The volume contains a selection of articles on current theoretical issues in audiovisual translation, translator training and domain-specific issues. The authors are experts in their fields from renowned universities in the world. The book will be an indispensable aid for trainers and researchers, but may be of interest to anyone interested or active in translation and interpreting. A companion volume in this series contains articles on Translation Studies and literary translation.

This book analyzes events and narratives from the points of view of literature, grammar, discourse, and semantics. The contributors explore the issues related to the ways of portraying stories and their events within a cultural and literary framework. They also examine the role of prefixes in construing events and asymmetries that exist in time-creating event markers from a contrastive perspective. The contributions focus on narrativity as a semantic category, and on how events are described in signed languages. They place the event and narrative categories at the center of interest and their specific goals are pursued by applying different, both qualitative and quantitative, research methods.

The book concentrates on video game translation from the perspective of cognitive semantics. One of its objectives is to assert that translators’ knowledge of cognitive semantics can affect translation, i.e. decoding the sender’s mental states and evoking particular mental states in the target language recipient. The work is interdisciplinary and draws on such fields as games studies, cognitive semantics, and translation studies. It also aspires to complete gaps in the scientific research on video games, systematize the knowledge of localization, and ascertain the role played by translators in the localization process. The research material consists of eight video games which belong to different genres, and the investigated English video game texts cover almost 3000 standard pages.

This book offers a cognitive-semiotic approach to metaphoricity of visual representations in static visual narratives referred to as comics. It implements this approach in an exploration of conventionalized visual signs depicting diegetic situations, motion events, sound events, and diverse psychological experiences in such narratives. With his focus on the intersection of comics studies, conceptual metaphor theory, and Charles Sanders Peirce’s theory of signs, the author analyzes a broad array of attested data retrieved from comics exemplifying various publication formats, generic conventions, and cultural traditions. His exploration situates the metaphoricity of the analyzed visual signs against the backdrop of their overall semiotic makeup and in relation to the metaphoricity of their linguistic counterparts.

Despite the growing interest in various translation activities, there is still a potentially vast area of research. The statement may be true for opera surtitling, which was introduced in the nineteen eighties and has been used in opera companies worldwide ever since. This book aims to offer a theoretical framework for opera surtitling, based on several factors, including the semiotics of opera, relevance theory, or fundamental rules of audiovisual translation. The author provides a more illuminating insight by means of practical research into surtitling in Poland, which proves that surtitling is not as simple a task as it may seem, demanding a multimodal and multifaceted analysis of an audiovisual complex and requiring a constant struggle to guarantee optimal relevance of the surtitled performance.