NATO Science Partnership Subseries: 4 – serie
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37 produkter
37 produkter
Inbunden, Engelska, 1995
2 148 kr
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The important geopolitical changes since the mid-1980s in the broad area of Eastern Europe have led to changes in the policy and strategy in many fields; social, economic, commercial and scientific among them. This text draws together scientists from the area in a discussion centred on the exchange of information, broadening co-operation, and the possible development of common policy in areas of mutual interest. Important differences between the participants' countries emerged: differences in the development of general research activities as between free market and centrally planned systems. The situation at the moment is transitional and is evolving rapidly. The reader should thus obtain a snapshot of the various ways of confronting research activities, the ranking of research priorities, and the dissemination and evaluation of results throughout the Balkan region.
Inbunden, Engelska, 1996
1 109 kr
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The particular emphasis of this text is on questions of conversion from military to civil purposes, and on the scope today for technology transfer between the traditional eastern and western sides of the Cold War. The book contains contributions from both academic analysts and practitioners with considerable experience of dealing with these issues. It therefore offers a unique combination of theoretical analysis and well founded case studies, together with important shared experiences between the very different economic circumstances found on the two sides of the old East-West divide.
Del 7 - NATO Science Partnership Subseries: 4
Transformation, Co-operation, and Conversion
Inbunden, Engelska, 1996
1 109 kr
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The scientific-technical potential of the Baltic States and their possibilities for co operation with Europe require in-depth, specific analysis. With the deterioration of the structures of science and technology of the former Soviet Union, the severance of communications with former clients, industry and science and technology, the Baltic States - the leaders of the former Soviet Union in this area, faced a difficult new situation. The government budgets of these countries, due to economic decline, are not capable of financing scientific research and project studies, and industry has lost a large part (in some branches this loss reaches even 2/3 or more) of its potential, losing both funds and interest in the sciences. The conversion of industry in the Baltic States is tied with the whole of its restructurisation, which still has not attained more precise directions for a new specialization or connections to the international market. The earlier dominant branches, such as machine production, electro-technology, radio-technology and the electronics industry, require essential modernization, which is possible only through co-operation with other developed countries, especially with the EU and NATO countries. This co-operation could include new mobilized capacities of science and technology. A longer period of stagnation and separation may adversely affect these capacities and lead to their dilution and weakening, due to the "brain drain" of more qualified scientists and specialists to the commercial sector, which does not require high intellectual levels.
Inbunden, Engelska, 1996
558 kr
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A comparative perspective on the problems and issues of the transfer of knowledge and technology in and between western and former socialist countries, focusing on three key technologies: laser technology, biotechnology, and information technology. The book highlights the specific challenges facing economies in transition in technology policy and commercialisation. Furthermore, it gives an excellent insight into current technology forecasting practice and methodology, and the use of forecasting results in framing science and technology policy. Audience: Those involved in science and technology policy and forecasting, such as industrial and governmental policy makers and researchers.
Inbunden, Engelska, 1996
2 148 kr
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This volume features the proceedings of the NATO AR Workshop held in Kishinev, the capital of Moldova, a fom1er Soviet Republic in the South Eastern Europe. OUiing 3 working days 26 reports were presented, 8 of them by, or in collaboration with, speakers from Kishinev. The reports arc presented in the order they were given at the Workshop. As the topic was rather wide-ranged, all the sittings were plenmy. The opening communication was made by the Mayor of Kishinev S. Urckian, who was the Chainnan of the Organizing Committee. It was followed by other reports of general orientation. The second half of the first day was devoted to the research results and problems of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova. On the second day the Workshop was hosted by the Technical University of Moldova. At the beginning, the ceremonial sitting of its Scientific Council took place, at which two scientists were made doctors Honoris Causa of that University: Prof. K. Frolov from Russia and Prof. G.Parissakis from Greece. Then the plenary sessions continued. The round-table talk, held in the second half of the last day, appeared to be very fruitful. A relaxed and friendly atmosphere of it was appropriate for establishing closer contacts and discussing problems of mutual interest for scientists, ingineers, managerial heads and officers and businessmen.
Inbunden, Engelska, 1996
1 109 kr
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The problems of converting military enterprises, in the former Soviet Union as well as in the rest of the world, have international significance, but at the same time, the economic impact of conversion, and the conditions under which it takes place are different for each country involved: no universal policies can be formulated. Defence industry conversion in Russia forms an integral component of the government`s economic reforms. How can the intellectual scientific and technological potential of the defence complex be preserved, allowing it to serve Russia now and in the future? The scale, terms and speed of conversion in the Russian Federation, and the absence of a market economy mean that it is impossible to make direct use of Western experience under Russian conditions. This text look at the implications of military enterprises around the world, with particular emphasis on the effects seen in industry.
Inbunden, Engelska, 1996
2 212 kr
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Most governments now recognise that effective technology transfer is vital to innovation and competitiveness, but the process by which ideas flow from universities to industry is complex. Several barriers can be identified: technological, cultural, legal and financial. Such problems have often been seen in isolation, but it is clear that the problem of encouraging successful transfer is complex, requiring an interdisciplinary approach. The collection of papers in this volume is deliberately diverse, offering perspectives from economics, sociology, science, engineering and public administration, drawn both from within and outside academic life, from those at the sharp end of technology licensing and the administration of government research programmes. The range of national backgrounds of the writers encompasses ten countries.
Inbunden, Engelska, 1997
1 109 kr
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Innovative actIvItIes on the development of which Russia puts its hopes for the preservation and successful reconstruction of the former USSR applied science are based on three key factors: funding, infrastructure and management. These factors are of equal significance, however, under today's economic conditions in Russian two latter ones become of critical importance. This determines the range of readers to whom the present book is addressed: - representatives of official institutions both Russian and international in charge of technological and scientific sphere reorganization, high-tech industry conversion, market transformations under transit economies; ~ Western experts, lecturers, consultants participating in the implementation of various bilateral and international programs according to the above mentioned directions; - Russian specialists establishing new high-tech enterprises and organizations and corresponding innovative infrastructure. This book brought to readers' attention includes edited presentations at NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) "Concept of Management Training for in High-Tech, Science and R&D" (1-5 July, 1996, St.Petersburg, Russia).
Del 13 - NATO Science Partnership Subseries: 4
Diffusion of New Technologies in the Post-Communist World
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Marketing of High-Tech Know How St Petersburg, Russia June 1994
Inbunden, Engelska, 1997
1 077 kr
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The end of the 20th century has witnessed dramatic changes in morality, history and geography - changes that have been felt throughout the world and in all professions. This volume presents a series of views on the effect of these changes on science and technology, more specifically on the international diffusion of new technologies. It provides an update on the changes in the legal and administrative cultures and structures in the former Soviet bloc and offers assessments of opportunities for technology transfer between the former communist bloc and the rest of the world. It integrates a variety of approaches, including the history of science and technology, political and cultural history, institutional analysis, economic and marketing methods, and legal studies. This diversity is one of the book's main assets since, all too often, studies of technology transfer and the marketing of know-how concentrate on strictly economic and business aspects.
Inbunden, Engelska, 1997
1 109 kr
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The exceptional impact of free market globalization on CIS countries and the use of innovation to counter the concomitant socioeconomic problems are profoundly and frankly analyzed and discussed from a variety of standpoints, both cultural and geographical. New possible solutions are presented and discussed, leading to a proposal for the development of a "common technological language".
Inbunden, Engelska, 1997
1 077 kr
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All former Soviet Union countries experience their past as a heavy burden. It led to the centralization of scientific personnel, the separation of research from teaching at universities, and a concentration of certain branches of technology in different parts of the Union. This has given rise to a one-sided technology and science potential which frequently cannot be sufficiently supported due to a lack of adequate finance. Co-operation between the Baltic States themselves is often hampered by an exaggerated sense of national identity, and international co-operation can be made difficult by linguistic problems. A critical issue is finance. The Baltic States themselves are experiencing budgetary constraints, and the West is cutting back on funding. The analytical issues dealt with in this book include specific questions, such as in the sectors of energy policy, electrical equipment and electronics, and environmental considerations. The transfer of technology is also discussed, as is security: there is the possibility that science and scientific results can be obtained from the former Soviet Union at low cost by the criminal community.
Inbunden, Engelska, 1997
1 613 kr
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It is well known that the Academies of Sciences in Western Europe have different goals than those of Eastern Europe mainly due to their independent status. Although some of the Academies in the West supervise research activities or some institutes, their main mission is to stimulate and access scientific developments in their own countries. In particular, they have a mission to advise their governments and other central bodies on science policy and organization of research. The Academies of Central and Eastern Europe supervise numerous research institutes with a relatively large number of research scientists. Also, many of these institutes carry out basic and applied research isolated from that of universities and industry. Industry on a few occasions in the past sought solutions to its problems or the development of new products from the Institutes of the Academies of Sciences. The challenges now facing the Academies of Central and Eastern Europe include the lack of adequate financing, the loss of status of scientific work, the defection of young researchers and the difficulties of recruiting new high level research staff. A major problem is the emerging lack of candidates for doctorate studies. The organization and financing of research in institutes, universities and industries and the role that the Academies of Sciences can play is also one of the subjects to be addressed. Public funding is limited and most of the funds available are directed towards applied research.
Inbunden, Engelska, 1997
1 661 kr
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Projects are becoming more complex and traditional project management is proving inadequate. The key papers in this volume, which takes a look at a variety of new approaches, have been written by 13 leading figures and are discussed by 54 invited academics, consultants, contractors and clients from 15 countries. The papers cover modelling techniques (extensions to PERT methods, risk analysis, and system dynamics), particular domains (new technology, software development and infrastructure projects, specifically human factors), corporate structures (from both Western and Eastern European perspectives), management techniques (Western and Eastern), and the management of portfolios of projects. The book adopts a wide view, rather than advocating one technique: the mix of authors provides a rich, heterogeneous perspective. Mathematical modelling is balanced with human management, and over-complex of simplistic techniques are avoided. Readers are assumed already to have a sound knowledge of project management.
Inbunden, Engelska, 1998
1 109 kr
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An analysis of the problems arising from the impact of free market globalization in CIS countries. Possible new solutions are presented and discussed, especially those based on the key role of innovation. A proposal is made for the development of a "common technological language", starting from a European standardization of computer aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM).
Inbunden, Engelska, 1999
2 212 kr
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Technology transfer has expanded rapidly over the past 20 years in Western Europe, North America and the Pacific Rim. It has been estimated that some 50% of new products and processes will originate outside the primary developer; academic and other research institutions are obvious sources of much of this new technology. In the NATO Co-operating countries, however, technology transfer is in its infancy; it is crucial for wealth creation and improvement in the quality of life that this mechanism is developed. The papers selected for inclusion in this book discuss issues related to the development of technology transfer in NATO Co-operating countries. The book identifies crucial research issues for science and technology policy researchers and, as a conclusion, offers some policy recommendations. The authors are drawn from NATO and Co-operating partner countries, from other parts of the world, and from international organisations. The focus of the book is on the institutional framework of knowledge and technology transfer; intellectual property rights as sources of information and tools for co-operation; international, national and regional aspects of knowledge and technology dissemination and diffusion; and networking. Audience: Academic institutions, research institutes, intellectual property practitioners, science and technology policy makers, technology transfer managers, high-tech industries.
Inbunden, Engelska, 1999
3 314 kr
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This study uses a range of science and technology and structural indicators to analyse the transformation process, in particular the transformation of science, technology and industry, in the former communist countries. In-depth assessment of restructuring patterns in the region provides a good basis for an understanding of how restructuring in science and technology is linked to industrial restructuring, and to general economic and social transformation. The book contains 22 contributions, organized into six sections addressing the issues of transformation of science, technology and industry, using structural analysis, bibliometrics, research and development data, innovation surveys, trade data, IT statistics and human resources data. The papers share a common framework in terms of use of indicators, being primarily analytical, focusing on policy-relevant issues and patterns of change.
Del 21 - NATO Science Partnership Subseries: 4
Technosophy: Strategic Approaches to the Assessment and Management of Manufacturing Technology Innovation
Inbunden, Engelska, 2001
1 109 kr
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This title is the result of an unlikely dialogue: a workshop that took place in the heart of Slovenia which brought together academics and industrial scientists, engineers and social scientists to discuss and explore the strategic implications of technology management and assessment. The wide-ranging and intense discussions explored many key issues, such as those concerning the role of academia in supporting industrial practice (and vice versa), and the emerging research agenda in the assessment and management of manufacturing technology innovation. The distilled essence of the debate is presented here as a basis for a developing wisdom of technology: a technosophy. It is only through industrial-academic and interdisciplinary research and development that such a body of wisdom can emerge.
Häftad, Engelska, 2010
2 148 kr
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This volume features the proceedings of the NATO AR Workshop held in Kishinev, the capital of Moldova, a fom1er Soviet Republic in the South Eastern Europe. OUiing 3 working days 26 reports were presented, 8 of them by, or in collaboration with, speakers from Kishinev. The reports arc presented in the order they were given at the Workshop. As the topic was rather wide-ranged, all the sittings were plenmy. The opening communication was made by the Mayor of Kishinev S. Urckian, who was the Chainnan of the Organizing Committee. It was followed by other reports of general orientation. The second half of the first day was devoted to the research results and problems of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova. On the second day the Workshop was hosted by the Technical University of Moldova. At the beginning, the ceremonial sitting of its Scientific Council took place, at which two scientists were made doctors Honoris Causa of that University: Prof. K. Frolov from Russia and Prof. G.Parissakis from Greece. Then the plenary sessions continued. The round-table talk, held in the second half of the last day, appeared to be very fruitful. A relaxed and friendly atmosphere of it was appropriate for establishing closer contacts and discussing problems of mutual interest for scientists, ingineers, managerial heads and officers and businessmen.
Häftad, Engelska, 2010
2 148 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
The importance of technology transfer to innovation and wealth creation is now recog nised by most governments. As the policy debate has intensified, however, it has become clear that the problem of encouraging successful transfer is complex, and requires an interdisciplinary approach. The collection of papers in this volume is deliberately diverse. It offers perspectives from economics, sociology, science, engineering and public administration, and also from outside academic life, from those involved at the 'sharp end' of technology licensing and administering government research programmes. Contributions are also drawn from a rangeofnational backgrounds-the authors are drawn from ten countries, from through out Europe and North America. The main focus for the papers was a NATOAdvanced Study Workshop, which took place at the National Institute ofEconomic and Social Research, London, in September 1995. Unfortunately time and space has prevented all of the contributions appearing here, but all those who attended played an important role in making the event such a success. Thanks are also due to Dr Alain Jubier and his colleagues at NATO, without whose support and advice the seminarcould not have take place, to my fellow organising committee members Dr Katalin Balazs, Dr Linda Parker and Professor Steve Woolgar, and to Monica Miglior who, in addition to assisting in the conference organisation, pro vided detailed notes on sessions which helped greatly in later analysis.
Häftad, Engelska, 2010
1 109 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
Innovative actIvItIes on the development of which Russia puts its hopes for the preservation and successful reconstruction of the former USSR applied science are based on three key factors: funding, infrastructure and management. These factors are of equal significance, however, under today's economic conditions in Russian two latter ones become of critical importance. This determines the range of readers to whom the present book is addressed: - representatives of official institutions both Russian and international in charge of technological and scientific sphere reorganization, high-tech industry conversion, market transformations under transit economies; ~ Western experts, lecturers, consultants participating in the implementation of various bilateral and international programs according to the above mentioned directions; - Russian specialists establishing new high-tech enterprises and organizations and corresponding innovative infrastructure. This book brought to readers' attention includes edited presentations at NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) "Concept of Management Training for in High-Tech, Science and R&D" (1-5 July, 1996, St.Petersburg, Russia).
Häftad, Engelska, 2010
1 109 kr
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Some rapid and complex changes have taken place during recent years in the former Soviet Union. These incredible changes occurred not only in political policy and behavior, but also in social life and within framework of economic rules, especially the aspects concerning the key factor of new and advanced economies, which is based on Innovation Technology (IT). In fact, IT is becoming to be a key factor or, at least, the enzymatic factor necessary for activating asolid economy, based on advanced products and manufacturing, and with an incredible and unforeseeable impact on human lifestyle and wellbeing. This tool of development coupled to a world-wide movement towards a post-industrial era, with poorly defined economic, social and cultural boundaries is rapidly gaining support all over the world, supporting and creating a "global market". This globalization, intended as market expansion and flooding, is really a deeper and more complex phenomenon, surely mainly deriving from a cultural movement (the origin and aim ofthe use of IT as a tool for World Globalization). The process of globalization of the Innovation Market, which might have originated the economy failure of Eastern Europe with a risk of disintegration, is really the only way to solve the problem; therefore, the integration within the whole of Europe should be based on the paradigm of an Innovation Policy.
Häftad, Engelska, 2010
2 212 kr
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Technology transfer has expanded rapidly over the past 20 years in Western Europe, North America and the Pacific Rim. It has been estimated that some 50% of new products and processes will originate outside the primary developer; academic and other research institutions are obvious sources of much of this new technology. In the NATO Co-operating countries, however, technology transfer is in its infancy; it is crucial for wealth creation and improvement in the quality of life that this mechanism is developed. The papers selected for inclusion in this book discuss issues related to the development of technology transfer in NATO Co-operating countries. The book identifies crucial research issues for science and technology policy researchers and, as a conclusion, offers some policy recommendations. The authors are drawn from NATO and Co-operating partner countries, from other parts of the world, and from international organisations. The focus of the book is on the institutional framework of knowledge and technology transfer; intellectual property rights as sources of information and tools for co-operation; international, national and regional aspects of knowledge and technology dissemination and diffusion; and networking. Audience: Academic institutions, research institutes, intellectual property practitioners, science and technology policy makers, technology transfer managers, high-tech industries.
Häftad, Engelska, 2010
1 077 kr
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This volume contains the genuine proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Strategic Approaches to the Assessment and Management of Manufacturing Technology Innovation, Bled, Slovenia, June 3-5, 1997. The word 'genuine' is used as the content of this book has arisen from ideas and reflections which arose during and after the workshop itself. It contains no pre-prepared papers or articles. The workshop was designed to create a forum for dialogue and debate. The essence of that debate is contained here. We acknowledge the support of NATO in making this possible. Because of the peculiar nature of these proceedings, we acknowledge all workshop participants as co-authors of different parts of the book and we pay tribute to them all. The proceedings have taken a while to prepare, as the reflection process has been long and varied! 1 Technosophy: Strategic Approaches to the Assessment and Management of Manufacturing Technology Innovation Paul Levy Mihael Junkar Location: Bled, Slovenia Date: June 3-5 1997 A 3-day workshop "Though our smoke may hide the Heavens from your eyes, It will vanish and the stars will shine again, Because, for all our power and weight and size, We are nothing more than children of your brain. " Rudyard Kipling 1. Introduction This is not a long book.
Häftad, Engelska, 2012
2 148 kr
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During the last years, important geopolitical changes took place in the broader area of Eastern Europe, having as a consequence, among others, the change of policy and strategy in many fields such as social, economical, commercial, scientific e.t.c. It was a contemporary demand to have a meeting of scientists from various countries and especially from countries of the Eastern Europe and the Balkan area, where the various problems concerning the scientific, technological and research fields could be studied and discussed. The goals of this meeting would be: mutual information, broadening of cooperation possibilities through common research programs, as well as possible development of a common policy in certain sections of science and technology of mutual interest. The realization of this meeting, which came true with the initiative, the moral of the NATO Scientific Affairs Division gave the and full economical support pursued results included in the present volume. It was my pleasure to act as the Director of the NATO ARW and I am most grateful to the NATO Scientific Affairs Division for the financial support and especially to its Programme Director, Dr. Alain Jubier, whose contribution to every step of the workshop was essential so that this meeting would be effective.
Del 1 - NATO Science Partnership Subseries: 4
Science Policy
New Mechanisms for Scientific Collaboration between East and West
Häftad, Engelska, 2012
542 kr
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It is becoming increasingly clear that the future of the world cannot be sustained without scientific support, analysis, prediction and the use of scientific achievement. The immensity of the problems confronting us, coupled with the limited financial resources available, urgently demand the selection of priority areas of research, with a global combination of scientific effort. The new geopolitical situation has uncovered Russia's and the former Soviet Union's scientific potential. This has given rise to wider opportunities for involvement in work on international projects and programmes, many of which are discussed in the present volume. The book addresses specifically priority fields of science in which joint, multidisciplinary research should be developed, encompassing rational use of natural resources and regional sustainable development, as well as the monitoring of the biosphere's ecosystem state and the risks of natural and anthropogenic hazards, and the creation of new materials and technologies. The list of priorities includes Siberia's economic, social and humanitarian problems, as well as the development of information systems for the rapid exchange of scientific data. There is a recognised need for the involvement of young scientists in partnership laboratories, in a probationary capacity.
Häftad, Engelska, 2012
3 314 kr
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This book uses a range of S&T and structural indicators to analyse the transfonnation process, in particular the transfonnation of science, technology and industry, in the fonner communist countries. The book originates from a sense of the tremendous need for quantitative indicators for assessing trends and perfonnance in the post-socialist economies. S&T systems in the region have passed through the first phase of rapid deterioration, or as it is called by some analysts 'implosion'. After ten years of transfonnation we are witnessing a process of increasing differentiation of these countries in tenns of general patterns of growth and structural change, as well as specific lines of restructuring in their S&T systems. The question of sources of growth - or indeed of stagnation - is an increasingly urgent one, from both the policy and academic perspectives. In that context there is a pressing need for in-depth assessment of restructuring patterns in science, technology and industry in the region, as a basis for understanding how restructuring in S&T is linked to industrial restructuring, and to general economic and social transfonnation. As the contributions to this volume show, there is now a critical mass of quantitative data across the post-socialist countries which deserves to be studied more thoroughly in a comparative manner. The changes of the last ten years have produced varying patterns of adjustment which are now clearly visible in S&T and structural indicators.
Häftad, Engelska, 2012
1 109 kr
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A profound and frank analysis of the problems arising from the impact of free market globalization in CIS countries. Possible new solutions are presented and discussed, especially those based on the key role of innovation. A new, original proposal is made for the development of a `common technological language', starting from a European standardization of computer aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM).
Häftad, Engelska, 2012
1 077 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
All former Soviet Union countries experience their past as a heavy burden. It led to the centralisation of scientific personnel, the separation of research from teaching at universities, and a concentration of certain branches of technology in different parts of the Union. This has given rise to a one-sided technology and science potential which frequently cannot be sufficiently supported due to a lack of adequate finance. Cooperation between the Baltic States themselves is often hampered by an exaggerated sense of national identity, and international cooperation can be made difficult by linguistic problems. A critical issue is finance. The Baltic States themselves are experiencing budgetary constraints, and the West is cutting back on funding. The analytical issues dealt with here include specific questions, such as in the sectors of energy policy, electrical equipment and electronics, and environmental considerations. The transfer of technology is also discussed, as is security: there is the possibility that science and scientific results can be obtained from the former Soviet Union at low cost by the criminal community.
Häftad, Engelska, 2013
1 077 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
Dear Reader, Before you begin to study this book please be aware of the complexity of the "Conversion of Military Enterprises in Russia", The question of conversion is not only a change of the market and products it is in the former socialist and now "on the way of privatisation" -countries a complete reorganisation of the social structure and companies. In the past a performance of the Russian armaments' industry was a continual source of surprise to experts. It was obvious that apart from civilian industry there must be areas where important technological expertise had been created and built up. Since 5 years, conversion of military enterprise has been the principal topic of numerous conferences and studies. State institutions and international organisations can promote and accelerate the exchange of information and the restructuring process. However, the success of this process ultimately depends on how the economy will accept this change and how far market economy forces-can develop it. The NATO Advanced Research Workshop "Conversion of Military Enterprises in Russia- A Practical Approach of Industry and Science" was an excellent possibility for all participants from NATO-countries and from Russia, Ukraine and Belarus to discuss experiences and results after 5 years of reform period, All participating scientists noticed this aspect was proud to participate in this NATO event.
Häftad, Engelska, 2013
1 109 kr
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The end of this century has witnessed dramatic changes in morality, history and geography. These changes were felt throughout the world, and also across the entire gamut of professional concerns. Even relatively remote and seemingly insulated activities such as science and technology have experienced, and up to a point contributed to, these dramatic changes. This volume presents a series of views on the effect of these changes on science and technology, and more specifically, on the international diffusion of new technologies. These views come from a variety of fields, among them history and sociology of science, political science, information sciences, marketing. Yet, most authors share an interest in science policy studies which permeates this collection. It would be fair to say that this volume belongs to the intellectual domain known as STS, i. e. studies in Science, Technology and Society. The authors come from nine countries, and their contributions are expected to reflect this diversity. It is well known that the dominant lingua franca in the end of the 20th century is Broken English, with the possible exception of a minority of native English speakers some of whom fail to learn this new language. An attempt was therefore made throughout this volume to conform to a certain standard of English usage and, at the same time, to preserve the local flavour of expression, and the stylistic and cultural dimensions of each chapter.