Simula SpringerBriefs on Computing – serie

This open access book offers an initial introduction to programming for scientific and computational applications using the Python programming language. At the same time, readers are introduced to the fundamental concepts of programming, including variables, functions, loops, classes, and object-oriented programming.

This open access volume presents a novel computational framework for understanding how collections of excitable cells work. The approach allows for very detailed analysis of small collections of excitable cells, but computational challenges limit the applicability in the presence of large collections of cells.

This open access book presents a set of basic techniques for estimating the benefit of IT development projects and portfolios.

This is an open access book.It offers comprehensive, self-contained knowledge on Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), which is a very promising technology for achieving intelligence in the next-generation wireless communications and computing networks.The book starts with the basic concepts, key techniques and network architectures of MEC. Then, we present the wide applications of MEC, including edge caching, 6G networks, Internet of Vehicles, and UAVs. In the last part, we present new opportunities when MEC meets blockchain, Artificial Intelligence, and distributed machine learning (e.g., federated learning). We also identify the emerging applications of MEC in pandemic, industrial Internet of Things and disaster management.The book allows an easy cross-reference owing to the broad coverage on both the principle and applications of MEC. The book is written for people interested in communications and computer networks at all levels. The primary audience includes senior undergraduates, postgraduates, educators, scientists, researchers, developers, engineers, innovators and research strategists.

This open access book bridges common tools in medical imaging and neuroscience with the numerical solution of brain modelling PDEs.

The fields represented include cardiac geometry definition (Chapter 1), electrophysiology and pharmacology (Chapters 2–5), fluid mechanics in blood vessels (Chapter 6), cardiac calcium handling and mechanics (Chapter 7), and machine learning in cardiac electrophysiology (Chapter 8).

This open access book describes Smittestopp, the first Norwegian system for digital contact tracing of Covid-19 infections, which was developed in March and early April 2020.

This open access volume compiles student reports from the 2022 Simula Summer School in Computational Physiology. In 2022, Simula held the eighth annual Summer School in Computational Physiology in collaboration with the University of Oslo (UiO) and the University of California, San Diego (UCSD).

This open access text aims at giving you the simplest possible introduction to differential equations that are used in models of electrophysiology. It covers models at several spatial and temporal scales with associated numerical methods. The text demonstrates that a very limited number of fundamental techniques can be used to define numerical methods for equations ranging from ridiculously simple to extremely complex systems of partial differential equations. Every method is implemented in Matlab and the codes are freely available online. By using these codes, the reader becomes familiar with classical models of electrophysiology, like the cable equation, the monodomain model, and the bidomain model. But modern models that have just started to gain attention in the field of computational electrophysiology are also presented. If you just want to read one book, it should probably not be this one, but if you want a simple introduction to a complex field, it is worth considering the present text.

This open access volume explains the foundations of modern solvers for ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Formulating and solving ODEs is an essential part of mathematical modeling and computational science, and numerous solvers are available in commercial and open source software.

DT is a key technology to connect physical systems and digital spaces in Metaverse.The objectives of this book are to provide the basic concepts of DT, to explore the promising applications of DT integrated with emerging technologies, and to give insights into the possible future directions of DT.

This open access volume compiles student reports from the 2023 Simula Summer School in Computational Physiology. In 2023, Simula held the nineth annual Summer School in Computational Physiology in collaboration with the University of Oslo (UiO) and the University of California, San Diego (UCSD).

This open access book revolves around predictive mathematical modelling and simulation of brain multiphysics with an emphasis on cerebrospinal fluid flow and solute transport in and around the human brain.

This open access book provides the reader with a snapshot of the cutting-edge research being undertaken by the members of the FEniCS community, as presented at the FEniCS Conference at Simula Research Laboratory, Oslo, Norway, in June 2024. The conference—and this book—features contributions from both the developers and users of the library, and includes applications of the software to a wide range of application areas spread throughout engineering, physics and biology. This book highlights topics in all these areas, many of which could not be simulated as efficiently—or even simulated at all—until recently. The FEniCS Project is an open-source finite element library developed by an international network of researchers. FEniCS gives its users easy access to powerful and scalable numerical tools for solving a great number of problems based on partial differential equations. Its contributions from academia and cutting-edge research mean that many recent algorithmic advances in the area are available in the library. Its open-source nature allows users to freely build their own developments into and on top of the core library, leading to some truly remarkable research. The topics presented in this book are backed up by openly available code examples, to enhance the reproducibility of the results presented within and further development. The target audience of this book is the researcher with an interest in numerical methods, their implementation and application, and the latest up-and-coming areas in which they are being applied.

This book introduces a novel approach to the design and operation of large ICT systems. It views the technical solutions and their stakeholders as complex adaptive systems and argues that traditional risk analyses cannot predict all future incidents with major impacts. To avoid unacceptable events, it is necessary to establish and operate anti-fragile ICT systems that limit the impact of all incidents, and which learn from small-impact incidents how to function increasingly well in changing environments. The book applies four design principles and one operational principle to achieve anti-fragility for different classes of incidents. It discusses how systems can achieve high availability, prevent malware epidemics, and detect anomalies. Analyses of Netflix’s media streaming solution, Norwegian telecom infrastructures, e-government platforms, and Numenta’s anomaly detection software show that cloud computing is essential to achieving anti-fragility forclasses of events with negative impacts.

The book serves both as a reference forvarious scaled models with corresponding dimensionless numbers, and as aresource for learning the art of scaling. A special feature of the book is the emphasis on how to create softwarefor scaled models, based on existing software for unscaled models. Scaling (or non-dimensionalization) is amathematical technique that greatly simplifies the setting of input parameters innumerical simulations. Moreover, scaling enhances the understanding of howdifferent physical processes interact in a differential equation model.Compared to the existing literature, where the topic of scaling is frequentlyencountered, but very often in only a brief and shallow setting, the presentbook gives much more thorough explanations of how to reason about finding theright scales. This process is highly problem dependent, and therefore the bookfeatures a lot of worked examples, from very simple ODEs to systems of PDEs,especially from fluid mechanics.The text is easily accessible andexample-driven. The first part on ODEs fits even a lower undergraduate level,while the most advanced multiphysics fluid mechanics examples target thegraduate level. The scientific literature is full of scaled models, but in mostof the cases, the scales are just stated without thorough mathematicalreasoning. This book explains how the scales are found mathematically.This book will be a valuable read for anyonedoing numerical simulations based on ordinary or partial differential equations.

This book offers a concise and gentle introduction to finite element programming in Python based on the popular FEniCS software library. Using a series of examples, including the Poisson equation, the equations of linear elasticity, the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations, and systems of nonlinear advection–diffusion–reaction equations, it guides readers through the essential steps to quickly solving a PDE in FEniCS, such as how to define a finite variational problem, how to set boundary conditions, how to solve linear and nonlinear systems, and how to visualize solutions and structure finite element Python programs.This book is open access under a CC BY license.

This open access book answers two central questions: firstly, is it at all possible to verify electronic equipment procured from untrusted vendors? Secondly, can I build trust into my products in such a way that I support verification by untrusting customers?  In separate chapters the book takes readers through the state of the art in fields of computer science that can shed light on these questions. In a concluding chapter it discusses realistic ways forward.  In discussions on cyber security, there is a tacit assumption that the manufacturer of equipment will collaborate with the user of the equipment to stop third-party wrongdoers. The Snowden files and recent deliberations on the use of Chinese equipment in the critical infrastructures of western countries have changed this. The discourse in both cases revolves around what malevolent manufacturers can do to harm their own customers, and the importance of the matter is on par with questions of national security.This book is of great interest to ICT and security professionals who need a clear understanding of the two questions posed in the subtitle, and to decision-makers in industry, national bodies and nation states.