Anthropology of Well-Being: Individual, Community, Society – serie

Contemporary Conversations on Immigration in the United States: The View from Prince George’s County, Maryland contextualizes the narratives of international migrants arriving to Prince George’s County, Maryland from 1968 to 2009. The life course trajectories of seventy individuals and their networks, organized chronologically to include life in the country of origin, the journey, and settlement in the county, frame migration as social issue rather than social problem. Having internalized the American dream, immigrants toil to achieve upward social mobility while constructing an immigrant space that nurtures well-being. This book demonstrates that an immigrant’s experience is grounded in personal, social, economic, and political spheres of influence, and reflects the complexity of migrants’ stories to help demystify homogenous categorization.

Intimate Partner Violence and Advocate Response: Redefining Love in Western Belize offers new insight into the cross-cultural analysis of gender-based intimate partner violence by blending activist anthropology with in-depth ethnographic research to evaluate and help ameliorate the crisis in Belize. Drawing from twenty months of fieldwork in the Belizean Cayo District conducted between 2002 and 2013, Melissa A. Beske investigates the prevalence and complexity of partner abuse, the contributing cultural and structural factors, and the advocate dynamics across local, national, and transnational frameworks in combating the problem. Combining enlivened narratives, comparative viewpoints, and scholar-activism, this book not only illustrates the lived suffering of partner abuse in Cayo, but it also engages with the passionate commitment of survivors and supporters as they endeavor to create a more equitable and peaceful community. In doing so, it demonstrates an effective strategy for the interdisciplinary assessment of gender-based abuse, which satisfies demands for theoretical impartiality while simultaneously enabling researchers to take an ethical stand in social causes.

Contemporary Conversations on Immigration in the United States: The View from Prince George’s County, Maryland contextualizes the narratives of international migrants arriving to Prince George’s County, Maryland from 1968 to 2009. The life course trajectories of seventy individuals and their networks, organized chronologically to include life in the country of origin, the journey, and settlement in the county, frame migration as social issue rather than social problem. Having internalized the American dream, immigrants toil to achieve upward social mobility while constructing an immigrant space that nurtures well-being. This book demonstrates that an immigrant’s experience is grounded in personal, social, economic, and political spheres of influence, and reflects the complexity of migrants’ stories to help demystify homogenous categorization.

Romantic Love in America: Cultural Models of Gay, Straight, and Polyamorous Relationships introduces the reader to the love and sex lives of two polyamorous,five gay, and eight straight individuals. Coupled with rich interviewmaterial, Victor C. de Munck provides a guided tour through the variablegeography of love relationships as studied in the social sciences. de Munckdescribes evolutionary, cognitive, social, prototypical, triadic, and neural theoriesof romantic love and sex, concluding with an American cultural model ofromantic love that also includes its relational properties as a dyad.

This book presents a cultural history of human-animal relations in Germany, Japan, Russia and the United States, with a focus on the uses of animals for comfort, healing and in developing a sense of well-being. Fujimura and Nommensen discuss the contexts in which the culture of wellbeing has developed and incorporated alternative therapies with animals. The authors turn to qualitative research conducted over a period of two years in veterinary clinics, hospices, reading programs, search and rescue organizations as well as an extensive review of existing literature on cultural studies of human-animal relations to inform their analysis of complex ways in which humans and animals interact. The extent to which animals are accepted either as members of society or, in contrast, as mere material possessions poses a cultural contradiction leading to questions of the ethical treatment of animals.

Love in the Time of Ethnography explores love – variously defined – as an important facet of human life and a worthy focus of study. The authors look at love in association with an Alevi and Sunni couple in Turkey, organizers of Mexican American and immigrant youth movements, Christian missionaries in China, an elderly man with dementia, two women “coming home” to queer identity, a White researcher working with Black women in the US, the common ground between Dogen’s Zen teachings and Habermas's critical theory, an Albanian Sufi community in Michigan and interactions between humans and the natural world. It also includes theoretical writing on the place of love in social analysis, whether this involves relationships between researchers and participants or the nature of human connection itself. The authors argue that social research is an affective process as well as a cognitive one, and that fellow feeling is an essential component of making sense of the world.Along with more traditional scholarly forms, the contributors to this book use auto-ethnography, life stories, archival research and poetry, noting that style itself conveys information and emotion. Writing is always to some extent partisan. While anthropologists and other social researchers have explored this idea over the last few decades, they have more often explored it with an eye to critique than to the ideals underlying that critique. This is a collection of essays about what ethnographers are aiming for as well as the problems they address, and the authors discuss ethical principles like agape, hizmet and cariño as rationales for ethnography and rationales for social change.

Well-Being as a Multidimensional Concept highlights the ways that culture and community influence concepts of wellness, the experience of well-being, and health outcomes. This book includes both theoretical conceptualizations and practice-based explorations from a multidisciplinary group of contributors, including distinguished, widely celebrated senior experts as well as emerging voices in the fields of health promotion, health research, clinical practice, community engagement, and health system policy. Using a social science approach, the contributors explore the interface among culture, community, and well-being in terms of theory and research frameworks; culture, community, and relationships; food; health systems; and collaboration, policy, messaging, and data. The chapters in this collection provide a broader understanding of well-being and its role as a culturally embedded and multidimensional concept. This collection furthers our ability to apprehend social and cultural constructs and dynamics that influence health and well-being and to better understand factors that contribute to or prevent health disparities.

Christian theology at its core is a story about someone being in trouble. In response to this trouble, the triune God intervenes. God identifies with those in trouble, walking with them through the experience. Yet, the God of Christian theology goes a step further. God prevails over trouble. God is an overcomer. Black women with breast cancer identify with this God. They also see themselves in this theological narrative. They see themselves in the midst of troubles, troubles like racism, poverty and environmental exposures that create the disease affecting their bodies. They see the troubles of breast cancer, their biological disposition towards more aggressive cancers, later stage diagnoses, poorer prognoses, diminished quality of care and worse outcomes. Black women also palpably feel the troubles breast cancer brings like fear, physical disfigurement, social isolation, being stereotyped for treatment decisions, abandonment and even death. Black women feel the myriad troubles breast cancer brings. But, Black women also know God in their troubles. They know an active God who identifies with and prioritizes their needs. They know this God, through scripture and experience, as God who puts them front and center. And because they know God as an overcomer and creative force, they know themselves as overcomers. For with God, their troubles do not last always.Black women with breast cancer construct a cultural theology of breast cancer out of knowing God. Borne out of experiences of the Black Church, womanist theology and their intersectional identities of race, class and gender, this theological investigation, informed by anthropology, examines how Black women construct an ontology of who God is and how God operates and gain a God consciousness that shapes their response to the disease. Using pain, faith and testimony as tools to struggle against breast cancer Black survivors’ theology transforms them from victims of breast cancer to change agents. Out of their lives as survivors comes a theology of complex hope- one cognizant of Black women’s breast cancer disparities, yet oriented towards Black women’s achievement of health in the present and the future– a sufficient hope to sustain Black women through it all.

Based on Pino Schirripa’s fieldwork, Competing Orders of Medical Care in Ethiopia traces the development of pharmaceutical products and medical remedies in the health sector. Schirripa analyzes the production and distribution of medications and examines how local politics, financial resources, social relations, and neoliberal beliefs can make some treatments more widespread and accepted than others. Schirripa’s observations of Ethiopian healing systems and social relations provide new insight into the complex process of prescription.

Being Ethical among Vezo People analyzes environmental change in reef ecosystems of southwest Madagascar and the impacts of global fishery markets on Vezo people’s well-being. The ethnography describes fishers’ changing perceptions of the physical environment in the context of livelihood and ritual practices and discusses their shared understandings of how Vezo persons should live.Under new marine protected area regulations, each village is responsible for managing its octopus fishery with a temporal closure. Frank Muttenzer argues that locals’ willingness to improve well-being does not commit them to a conservationist ethos. To cope with resource depletion Vezo people migrate to distant resource-rich marine frontiers, target fast growing species, and perform rituals that purport to affect their luck in fishing and marine foraging. But they doubt conservationists’ opinion that coral reef ecosystems can be managed for sustainable yield.The richly documented, elegantly theorized, and fresh ethnographic outlook on the Vezo addresses current issues in marine ecology and conservation, small-scale fisheries, and the semiotics of rural livelihoods and human well-being, particularly its expression in ritual. It will be of strong interest to environmental scientists, Madagascar specialists, and anthropology generalists alike; particularly those who are interested in what the modes of engagement with the environment of foraging peoples can teach us about the human condition at large, and the nature-culture debates in particular.

Mary M. Cameron first encountered an Ayurvedic medical practice in remote, western Nepal in 1978. In Three Fruits, Cameron traces Ayurvedic medical practices from those village healers to the professionally trained doctors in the Kathmandu Valley. An intimate portrayal of Ayurvedic doctors in Nepal during a period of political unrest and social change, Three Fruits connects the doctors’ care for Nepal’s valued medicinal plants to the boundless joy of health they desire for their patients. Combining ethnography with history and Indian philosophy, this detailed study weaves the elegant theory of tridosa (three humors) and the popular medicine trifala (three fruits) into the narrative accounts of doctors’ multi-sited practice. Aware of rising global alternative medicine and environmental movements, the doctors speak to their relevance for Ayurveda and sustainable, integrated, and culturally meaningful plural medicine in Nepal. This book is recommended for scholars of anthropology, sociology, Asian studies, history, philosophy, ethnobotany, public health, and environmental studies.

Clinical Anthropology 2.0 presents a new approach to applied medical anthropology that engages with clinical spaces, healthcare systems, care delivery and patient experience, public health, as well as the education and training of physicians. In this book, Jason W. Wilson and Roberta D. Baer highlight the key role that medical anthropologists can play on interdisciplinary care teams by improving patient experience and medical education. Included throughout are real life examples of this approach, such as the training of medical and anthropology students, creation of clinical pathways, improvement of patient experiences and communication, and design patient-informed interventions. This book includes contributions by Heather Henderson, Emily Holbrook, Kilian Kelly, Carlos Osorno-Cruz, and Seiichi Villalona.

Clinical Anthropology 2.0 presents a new approach to applied medical anthropology that engages with clinical spaces, healthcare systems, care delivery and patient experience, public health, as well as the education and training of physicians. In this book, Jason W. Wilson and Roberta D. Baer highlight the key role that medical anthropologists can play on interdisciplinary care teams by improving patient experience and medical education. Included throughout are real life examples of this approach, such as the training of medical and anthropology students, creation of clinical pathways, improvement of patient experiences and communication, and design patient-informed interventions. This book includes contributions by Heather Henderson, Emily Holbrook, Kilian Kelly, Carlos Osorno-Cruz, and Seiichi Villalona.

Over the past decade, effective prevention and treatment policies have resulted in global health organizations claiming that the end of the HIV/AIDS crisis is near and that HIV/AIDS is now a chronic but manageable disease. These proclamations have been accompanied by stagnant or decreasing public interest in and financial support for people living with HIV and the organizations that support them, minimizing significant global disparities in the management and control of the HIV pandemic. The contributors to this edited collection explore how diverse communities of people living with HIV (PLHIV) and organizations that support them are navigating physical, social, political, and economic challenges during these so-called “post-crisis” times.

In The Moral Evaluation of Emergency Department Patients: An Ethnography of Triage Work in Romania, Marius Wamsiedel examines the social categorization of patients and its consequences at two emergency departments in Romania. Based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork, this work argues that moral evaluation is an attempt on the part of triage nurses and clerks to keep the emergency service afloat in the context of high-care demand, insufficient resources, and uneven access to primary care. At the same time, Wamsiedel argues that moral evaluation is an effort to align the provision of emergency services with socially dominant values, norms, and representations. As such, the moral evaluation of patients becomes a Procrustean bed that reduces some inequities in access to health care while generating or amplifying others. By adopting an interactionist lens, Wamsiedel unravels the underlying social logic of moral evaluation, the criteria and assumptions that inform it, and attempts by triage workers and patient to negotiate access to emergency care. The Moral Evaluation of Emergency Department Patients offers new ways of understanding the work of street-level bureaucracies and informal barriers to care.

Drug Use, Recovery, and Maternal Instinct Bias: A Biocultural and Social-Ecological Approach draws upon theoretical perspectives in anthropology and public health to provide insight into the barriers women experience when seeking treatment for substance use disorders. In both theoretical perspectives in biological anthropology and social discourse within the United States, there is an emphasis on explaining why women avoid (or should avoid) using psychoactive substances during their reproductive years, especially during pregnancy. Theories of women's drug avoidance during the childbearing years rely on statistics to show that women are less likely to use all types of illicit drugs than their male counterparts. This gender gap, however, is closing in high-income countries (HICs), calling for more research on the biocultural and social-ecological factors contributing to women's drug use and the barriers to their recovery. The book uses qualitative data from participants in Indiana to illustrate women's struggles along the pathway to recovery. The overarching conclusion is that internalized models of “maternal instinct,” a topic inherent in theoretical and public discourse, can often impede efforts for women seeking treatment, and recovery is only possible when proper social and structural supports are in place.

Although rare diseases have captured public attention in recent decades, the lived experiences of people affected by these conditions remain on the periphery of medical anthropological inquiry. Focusing on Poland, Finland, and Sweden, and foregrounding notions of “rare” or “chronic” disease as an embedded category, this book critically analyzes entanglements between people and families with rare diseases and care practices that involve local healthcare policies, practitioners, and treatment modalities. Drawing on locally grounded case studies, Entanglements of Rare Diseases in the Baltic Sea Region constitutes a unique and important contribution to both global medicine and social science scholarship.

Exploring the intertwined histories of hormonal contraception and population anxiety, in Demographic Desires: Medicine, Media, and Emergency Contraception in India, Appleton shows how historic discourses and practices of ‘family planning’ remerge as desires of the Indian state and Indian women. In examining the relationship(s) between demographic desires of a nation, reproductive justice on the ground, and women’s everyday material conditions, in this book, Appleton posits that under neoliberal regimes of ‘empowered consumerism’ Emergency Contraceptive Pills (ECPs) introduced as non-prescription pills in 2005 bring histories of demographic control projects and demographic anxieties into the present.The book highlights nuances of demographic realities which are co-constituted through historical and contemporary narratives, media images, public policy, and medical discourse. Addressing recurring questions about demography, women’s reproductive justice, and the visual manifestations of neoliberal aspirations of Indians, this book contributes to conversations that provide an ‘alter-narrative’ to demographic anxieties. Appleton proposes that demographic desires exist not in opposition to demographic anxiety, but rather as vital adjacent project.Demographic Desires brings together debates in medical anthropology, media and cultural studies, and a feminist engagement on the medical, scientific, and cultural to showcase the myriad ways emergency contraception in India offers new opportunities for complicating the relationship between contraception, mediated medicine, and demography.

Agency and Bodily Autonomy in Systems of Care examines the ways in which humans and their bodies become enmeshed in various systems of care. Seven case studies demonstrate the ways in which people lose, negotiate, establish, or impose bodily autonomy in diverse contexts. Diverse methods and perspectives from cultural and medical anthropology, bioarchaeology and public health establish the need for advocacy and policy change to improve health outcomes by re-envisioning systems of care as spaces that include room for individual agency and bodily autonomy. This volume explores diverse subjects to promote advocacy for patient-centered care and bodily autonomy, and for liberation from over-medicalization.

In Tourism and Maternal Health, Allison R. Cantor examines prenatal health in Monteverde, Costa Rica, in the context of a tourism-driven nutrition transition. In today’s fast-paced, globally connected society, even rural regions like the central highlands of Costa Rica can be affected by the rise in chronic noncommunicable diseases.Cantor highlights the connection between these diseases and changes in local food systems. She stresses the key role that culture plays in finding ways to mediate the negative impacts of a changing food environment, and stresses the important role that practice-oriented research plays in unpacking the complex relationship between global policy and community health.

This edited volume explores the interconnection between care work, travel, and healthcare, emphasizing the emotional dimensions of seeking care away from home. It brings together contributions from disciplines such as anthropology, nursing, primary care, sociology and geography and covers experiences of medical travel and other forms of remote care in the United States, Laos, India, Italy, France, Finland, Switzerland, and Russia.

In Boundaries of Care, Ryan I. Logan details the lived experience of community health workers (CHWs) – a present yet often invisible facet of the healthcare workforce. These workers participate in nonclinical services to enhance the health and well-being of their communities outside the walls of the clinic and social service agencies. Logan examines the boundaries of and barriers to care present in the experiences of CHWs, their relationships with clients, issues of professionalization, impacts of burnout and self-care, and the critical impacts of CHW advocacy. Told through first-hand accounts and interwoven with theory, Logan presents the key challenges facing this workforce and their potential to foster even greater well-being within their communities. The findings and recommendations from participants found within Boundaries of Care can inform and shape CHW programs both in the United States and abroad.

In Boundaries of Care, Ryan I. Logan details the lived experience of community health workers (CHWs) – a present yet often invisible facet of the healthcare workforce. These workers participate in nonclinical services to enhance the health and well-being of their communities outside the walls of the clinic and social service agencies. Logan examines the boundaries of and barriers to care present in the experiences of CHWs, their relationships with clients, issues of professionalization, impacts of burnout and self-care, and the critical impacts of CHW advocacy. Told through first-hand accounts and interwoven with theory, Logan presents the key challenges facing this workforce and their potential to foster even greater well-being within their communities. The findings and recommendations from participants found within Boundaries of Care can inform and shape CHW programs both in the United States and abroad.

In Everyday Food Practices, Tarunna Sebastian explores the teaching and learning dimensions of people’s food choices and practices as they are played out in their everyday lives and local community. Using multi-sited critical ethnographic methodology, Sebastian followed people on their journeys while planning, shopping, preparing, cooking, and eating food. These journeys reveal that supermarket corporations play a hegemonic role, creating and sustaining class-based diets and cultural dynamics which undermine individual agency. Rebuking corporate hegemony, food education at counter-cultural sites—such as farmers’ markets, food cooperatives, and community gardens—seeks to empower people with knowledge and skills derived from socially and environmentally sustainable food curricula. However, class and ethnicity-based patterns of engagement compromise learning at these sites. Sebastian argues that, by contrast, the embodied experiences of inter-generational, home-based food practices are more effective in teaching sustainable cooking skills and the production of healthy meals.

In Love and its Entanglements among the Enxet of Paraguay: Social and Kinship Relations within a Market Economy, Stephen Kidd examines the affective discourse and value systems of the indigenous Enxet people. Kidd’s analysis focuses on how the Enxet navigate the market economy in Paraguay and the tensions it exerts on their commitment to egalitarianism, generosity, and personal autonomy.

In No Perfect Birth: Trauma and Obstetric Care in the Rural United States, Kristin Haltinner examines the institutional and ideological forces that cause harm to women in childbirth in the rural United States. Interweaving the poignant and tragic stories of mothers with existing research on obstetric care and social theories, Haltinner points to how a medical staff’s lack of time, a mother’s need to navigate and traverse complex spaces, and a practitioner’s reliance on well-trodden obstetric routines cause unnecessary and lasting harm for women in childbirth. Additionally, Haltinner offers suggestions towards improving current practices, incorporating case models from other countries as well as mothers’ embodied knowledge.

In No Perfect Birth: Trauma and Obstetric Care in the Rural United States, Kristin Haltinner examines the institutional and ideological forces that cause harm to women in childbirth in the rural United States. Interweaving the poignant and tragic stories of mothers with existing research on obstetric care and social theories, Haltinner points to how a medical staff’s lack of time, a mother’s need to navigate and traverse complex spaces, and a practitioner’s reliance on well-trodden obstetric routines cause unnecessary and lasting harm for women in childbirth. Additionally, Haltinner offers suggestions towards improving current practices, incorporating case models from other countries as well as mothers’ embodied knowledge.

Diversity and Cultural Competence in the Health Sector: Ebola-Affected Countries in West Africa examines the 2014–2016 Ebola crisis in three West African countries. The authors argue that this public health disaster was exacerbated by the lack of cultural competency in emergency response efforts. Considering the role of culture in the social, economic, health-related, and political dynamics that made these countries particularly vulnerable to the disease and how culturally competent approaches could have been employed sooner to reduce risk and prevent death and disability, this book serves as a guide for government officials, nongovernmental relief agencies, healthcare professionals, and public health personnel on how to effectively center cultural competence in emergency response to infectious disease outbreaks.