Devesh Kapur is Starr Foundation South Asia Studies Professor at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) at Johns Hopkins University. His recent books include Navigating the Labyrinth: Perspectives on India's Higher Education and The Other One Percent: Indians in America.Lily Kong is President of the Singapore Management University and Lee Kong Chian Chair Professor of Social Sciences. Her research focuses on social and cultural change in Asian cities and she has published widely on topics such as religion, cultural policy, creative industries, smart cities, urban heritage, and education.Florence Lo is the Legal Specialist at the United Nations University (UNU). Prior to joining UNU, she worked as a legal practitioner in Southeast Asia providing legal and regulatory advice across a broad range of practice areas including project financing, banking and security, land and property, and labour and employment law.David Malone is UN Under-Secretary General, Rector of the United Nations University (UNU). Prior to joining UNU he served as President of Canada's International Development Research Centre (2008-2013) and as Canada's High Commissioner to India and non-resident Ambassador to Bhutan and Nepal (2006-2008).

• Devesh Kapur, Lily Kong, Florence Lo, and David M. Malone: Introduction I. History 1: Deane Neubauer: History of Higher Education in Asia-Pacific II. Goals, Growth, and Massification 2: Malcolm Tight: From Elite Higher Education to Massification: The Asia-Pacific Experience 3: Roslyn Cameron and John Burgess: Employment and Labour Markets 4: Arnoud De Meyer: Productive Workers or Better Citizens? III. Who Learns? 5: Prompilai Buasuwan and Arisara Leksansern: Access 6: Elizabeth M. King: Gender in Higher Education in The Asia-Pacific Region: Vertical Progress, Horizontal Segregation, and a Leaky Pipeline IV. What: Content and Learning in Higher Education 7: Johanna Waters: The Relationship Between Credentials and Learning: A Focus on International Educational Value and Distinction 8: Mikiko Nishimura: Liberal Arts and Sciences Education for the 21st Century in Asia 9: Aki Yamada: STEM Field Demand and Educational Reform in Asia-Pacific Countries 10: William Yat Wai Lo and Ryan M. Allen: The Rankings Game 11: Sheng-Ju Chan and Hua-Chi Chou: Professional Education: Models and Issues V. How and Who? 12: Angela Yung Chi Hou, I-Jung Grace Lu, Karen Hui Jung Chen, and Chao Yu Guo: Quality Regulation in Higher Education in Asia-Pacific: Roles of Quality Assurance and National Qualification Frameworks 13: K.C. Ho, Ravinder Sidhu, and Brenda S.A. Yeoh: Internationalisation and Education-Related Mobility in Asia-Pacific Universities 14: Christopher S. Collins and Alexander H. Jones: Internationalization and Mobility: Providers, Academic Collaborators and Recognition of Qualifications 15: Kris Olds: Education Hubs in the Asia-Pacific 16: Melinda dela Peña Bandalaria and Alexandra Ivanovic: Open University Systems 17: Helen Farley: MOOCs in Asia: Promise Unfulfilled or Promise Realised? VI. Costs: Who Pays? 18: Xi Wang and W. James Jacob: Public Financing 19: Swee-Sum Lam: Private Philanthropy in Higher Education in Asia 20: Adrian Ziderman: Student Loans in Practice: Benefits and Pitfalls of Loans Schemes in Asia VII. Consequences and Challenges 21: Rennie J. Moon: Returning Talent 22: Youngsuk Chi and John Van Orden: Asia as a Producer of Knowledge 23: Jack T. Lee: Asian Higher Education as Soft Power? 24: Christopher D. Hammond: Higher Education and Nationalism in the Asia-Pacific 25: Hongxia Shan and Zheng Ren: Lifelong Learning as a Globally Diffused Policy Discourse in Asia VIII. Country Studies 26: Wenqin Shen and Wanhua Ma: China: Historical and Contemporary Development of Higher Education 27: Lan Xue, Zhen Yu, and Zhou Zhong: Elite Universities in China 28: Niraja Gopal Jayal: India: History and Thrust of Overall Higher Education and Research Patterns 29: Pratap Bhanu Mehta: Private Universities in India: New Dawn or False Dawn? 30: Akiyoshi Yonezawa: Japan: The Changing Role of Higher Education for Nation-Building 31: Miki Sugimura and Shinobu Yume Yamaguchi: Japan: Challenges in Internationalization of its Higher Education Sector 32: Jang Wan Ko: Higher Education in the Republic of Korea 33: S. Gopinathan and Michael H. Lee: Singapore: The Making of Higher Education in an Asian Education Hub 34: Jin Jiang: Higher Education in Hong Kong: Recent Developments and Challenges 35: Anthony Welch: Australia: History Versus Geography in an Evolving National System 36: Kathryn A. Sutherland and Stephen J. Marshall: Education for All? Higher Education at a Crossroads in Aotearoa New Zealand 37: Chiara Logli and Hermin Indah Wahyuni: Indonesia: The Politics of Equity and Quality in Higher Education 38: Chang Da Wan: Higher Education in Malaysia 39: Prachayani Praphamontripong Kanwar and Florence Lo: Privatized Higher Education in Thailand: In Pursuit of Legitimacy and Profitability 40: Marie Lall, Camille Kandiko Howson, and Aye Aye Tun: Higher Education in Myanmar 41: Maria Cynthia Rose Bautista, Vicente Paqueo, and Aniceto Orbeta Jr: Philippine Higher Education: A Case for Public-Private Complementarity in the Next Normal

Devesh Kapur is Starr Foundation South Asia Studies Professor at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) at Johns Hopkins University. His recent books include Navigating the Labyrinth: Perspectives on India's Higher Education and The Other One Percent: Indians in America.Lily Kong is President of the Singapore Management University and Lee Kong Chian Chair Professor of Social Sciences. Her research focuses on social and cultural change in Asian cities and she has published widely on topics such as religion, cultural policy, creative industries, smart cities, urban heritage, and education.Florence Lo is the Legal Specialist at the United Nations University (UNU). Prior to joining UNU, she worked as a legal practitioner in Southeast Asia providing legal and regulatory advice across a broad range of practice areas including project financing, banking and security, land and property, and labour and employment law.David Malone is UN Under-Secretary General, Rector of the United Nations University (UNU). Prior to joining UNU he served as President of Canada's International Development Research Centre (2008-2013) and as Canada's High Commissioner to India and non-resident Ambassador to Bhutan and Nepal (2006-2008).

• Devesh Kapur, Lily Kong, Florence Lo, and David M. Malone: Introduction I. History 1: Deane Neubauer: History of Higher Education in Asia-Pacific II. Goals, Growth, and Massification 2: Malcolm Tight: From Elite Higher Education to Massification: The Asia-Pacific Experience 3: Roslyn Cameron and John Burgess: Employment and Labour Markets 4: Arnoud De Meyer: Productive Workers or Better Citizens? III. Who Learns? 5: Prompilai Buasuwan and Arisara Leksansern: Access 6: Elizabeth M. King: Gender in Higher Education in The Asia-Pacific Region: Vertical Progress, Horizontal Segregation, and a Leaky Pipeline IV. What: Content and Learning in Higher Education 7: Johanna Waters: The Relationship Between Credentials and Learning: A Focus on International Educational Value and Distinction 8: Mikiko Nishimura: Liberal Arts and Sciences Education for the 21st Century in Asia 9: Aki Yamada: STEM Field Demand and Educational Reform in Asia-Pacific Countries 10: William Yat Wai Lo and Ryan M. Allen: The Rankings Game 11: Sheng-Ju Chan and Hua-Chi Chou: Professional Education: Models and Issues V. How and Who? 12: Angela Yung Chi Hou, I-Jung Grace Lu, Karen Hui Jung Chen, and Chao Yu Guo: Quality Regulation in Higher Education in Asia-Pacific: Roles of Quality Assurance and National Qualification Frameworks 13: K.C. Ho, Ravinder Sidhu, and Brenda S.A. Yeoh: Internationalisation and Education-Related Mobility in Asia-Pacific Universities 14: Christopher S. Collins and Alexander H. Jones: Internationalization and Mobility: Providers, Academic Collaborators and Recognition of Qualifications 15: Kris Olds: Education Hubs in the Asia-Pacific 16: Melinda dela Peña Bandalaria and Alexandra Ivanovic: Open University Systems 17: Helen Farley: MOOCs in Asia: Promise Unfulfilled or Promise Realised? VI. Costs: Who Pays? 18: Xi Wang and W. James Jacob: Public Financing 19: Swee-Sum Lam: Private Philanthropy in Higher Education in Asia 20: Adrian Ziderman: Student Loans in Practice: Benefits and Pitfalls of Loans Schemes in Asia VII. Consequences and Challenges 21: Rennie J. Moon: Returning Talent 22: Youngsuk Chi and John Van Orden: Asia as a Producer of Knowledge 23: Jack T. Lee: Asian Higher Education as Soft Power? 24: Christopher D. Hammond: Higher Education and Nationalism in the Asia-Pacific 25: Hongxia Shan and Zheng Ren: Lifelong Learning as a Globally Diffused Policy Discourse in Asia VIII. Country Studies 26: Wenqin Shen and Wanhua Ma: China: Historical and Contemporary Development of Higher Education 27: Lan Xue, Zhen Yu, and Zhou Zhong: Elite Universities in China 28: Niraja Gopal Jayal: India: History and Thrust of Overall Higher Education and Research Patterns 29: Pratap Bhanu Mehta: Private Universities in India: New Dawn or False Dawn? 30: Akiyoshi Yonezawa: Japan: The Changing Role of Higher Education for Nation-Building 31: Miki Sugimura and Shinobu Yume Yamaguchi: Japan: Challenges in Internationalization of its Higher Education Sector 32: Jang Wan Ko: Higher Education in the Republic of Korea 33: S. Gopinathan and Michael H. Lee: Singapore: The Making of Higher Education in an Asian Education Hub 34: Jin Jiang: Higher Education in Hong Kong: Recent Developments and Challenges 35: Anthony Welch: Australia: History Versus Geography in an Evolving National System 36: Kathryn A. Sutherland and Stephen J. Marshall: Education for All? Higher Education at a Crossroads in Aotearoa New Zealand 37: Chiara Logli and Hermin Indah Wahyuni: Indonesia: The Politics of Equity and Quality in Higher Education 38: Chang Da Wan: Higher Education in Malaysia 39: Prachayani Praphamontripong Kanwar and Florence Lo: Privatized Higher Education in Thailand: In Pursuit of Legitimacy and Profitability 40: Marie Lall, Camille Kandiko Howson, and Aye Aye Tun: Higher Education in Myanmar 41: Maria Cynthia Rose Bautista, Vicente Paqueo, and Aniceto Orbeta Jr: Philippine Higher Education: A Case for Public-Private Complementarity in the Next Normal

Devesh Kapur is Starr Foundation South Asia Studies Professor at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) at Johns Hopkins University. His recent books include Navigating the Labyrinth: Perspectives on India's Higher Education and The Other One Percent: Indians in America.Lily Kong is President of the Singapore Management University and Lee Kong Chian Chair Professor of Social Sciences. Her research focuses on social and cultural change in Asian cities and she has published widely on topics such as religion, cultural policy, creative industries, smart cities, urban heritage, and education.Florence Lo is the Legal Specialist at the United Nations University (UNU). Prior to joining UNU, she worked as a legal practitioner in Southeast Asia providing legal and regulatory advice across a broad range of practice areas including project financing, banking and security, land and property, and labour and employment law.David Malone is UN Under-Secretary General, Rector of the United Nations University (UNU). Prior to joining UNU he served as President of Canada's International Development Research Centre (2008-2013) and as Canada's High Commissioner to India and non-resident Ambassador to Bhutan and Nepal (2006-2008).

• Devesh Kapur, Lily Kong, Florence Lo, and David M. Malone: Introduction I. History 1: Deane Neubauer: History of Higher Education in Asia-Pacific II. Goals, Growth, and Massification 2: Malcolm Tight: From Elite Higher Education to Massification: The Asia-Pacific Experience 3: Roslyn Cameron and John Burgess: Employment and Labour Markets 4: Arnoud De Meyer: Productive Workers or Better Citizens? III. Who Learns? 5: Prompilai Buasuwan and Arisara Leksansern: Access 6: Elizabeth M. King: Gender in Higher Education in The Asia-Pacific Region: Vertical Progress, Horizontal Segregation, and a Leaky Pipeline IV. What: Content and Learning in Higher Education 7: Johanna Waters: The Relationship Between Credentials and Learning: A Focus on International Educational Value and Distinction 8: Mikiko Nishimura: Liberal Arts and Sciences Education for the 21st Century in Asia 9: Aki Yamada: STEM Field Demand and Educational Reform in Asia-Pacific Countries 10: William Yat Wai Lo and Ryan M. Allen: The Rankings Game 11: Sheng-Ju Chan and Hua-Chi Chou: Professional Education: Models and Issues V. How and Who? 12: Angela Yung Chi Hou, I-Jung Grace Lu, Karen Hui Jung Chen, and Chao Yu Guo: Quality Regulation in Higher Education in Asia-Pacific: Roles of Quality Assurance and National Qualification Frameworks 13: K.C. Ho, Ravinder Sidhu, and Brenda S.A. Yeoh: Internationalisation and Education-Related Mobility in Asia-Pacific Universities 14: Christopher S. Collins and Alexander H. Jones: Internationalization and Mobility: Providers, Academic Collaborators and Recognition of Qualifications 15: Kris Olds: Education Hubs in the Asia-Pacific 16: Melinda dela Peña Bandalaria and Alexandra Ivanovic: Open University Systems 17: Helen Farley: MOOCs in Asia: Promise Unfulfilled or Promise Realised? VI. Costs: Who Pays? 18: Xi Wang and W. James Jacob: Public Financing 19: Swee-Sum Lam: Private Philanthropy in Higher Education in Asia 20: Adrian Ziderman: Student Loans in Practice: Benefits and Pitfalls of Loans Schemes in Asia VII. Consequences and Challenges 21: Rennie J. Moon: Returning Talent 22: Youngsuk Chi and John Van Orden: Asia as a Producer of Knowledge 23: Jack T. Lee: Asian Higher Education as Soft Power? 24: Christopher D. Hammond: Higher Education and Nationalism in the Asia-Pacific 25: Hongxia Shan and Zheng Ren: Lifelong Learning as a Globally Diffused Policy Discourse in Asia VIII. Country Studies 26: Wenqin Shen and Wanhua Ma: China: Historical and Contemporary Development of Higher Education 27: Lan Xue, Zhen Yu, and Zhou Zhong: Elite Universities in China 28: Niraja Gopal Jayal: India: History and Thrust of Overall Higher Education and Research Patterns 29: Pratap Bhanu Mehta: Private Universities in India: New Dawn or False Dawn? 30: Akiyoshi Yonezawa: Japan: The Changing Role of Higher Education for Nation-Building 31: Miki Sugimura and Shinobu Yume Yamaguchi: Japan: Challenges in Internationalization of its Higher Education Sector 32: Jang Wan Ko: Higher Education in the Republic of Korea 33: S. Gopinathan and Michael H. Lee: Singapore: The Making of Higher Education in an Asian Education Hub 34: Jin Jiang: Higher Education in Hong Kong: Recent Developments and Challenges 35: Anthony Welch: Australia: History Versus Geography in an Evolving National System 36: Kathryn A. Sutherland and Stephen J. Marshall: Education for All? Higher Education at a Crossroads in Aotearoa New Zealand 37: Chiara Logli and Hermin Indah Wahyuni: Indonesia: The Politics of Equity and Quality in Higher Education 38: Chang Da Wan: Higher Education in Malaysia 39: Prachayani Praphamontripong Kanwar and Florence Lo: Privatized Higher Education in Thailand: In Pursuit of Legitimacy and Profitability 40: Marie Lall, Camille Kandiko Howson, and Aye Aye Tun: Higher Education in Myanmar 41: Maria Cynthia Rose Bautista, Vicente Paqueo, and Aniceto Orbeta Jr: Philippine Higher Education: A Case for Public-Private Complementarity in the Next Normal