Daron R. Shaw is the Frank C. Erwin, Jr. Chair of State Politics at the University of Texas at Austin. He specializes in Campaigns, Elections, Public Opinion, and Voting, and served as a strategist in the 1992, 2000, and 2004 presidential election campaigns. Shaw is co-director of the Fox News Poll, a member of the Fox News Decision Desk, and associate Principal Investigator for the 2024 American National Election Study. He served as George W. Bush's representative on the National Historical Publications and Records Commission and as an academic director for Barack Obama's Commission for Election Administration.Scott L. Althaus is Merriam Professor of Political Science, Professor of Communication, and Director of the Cline Center for Advanced Social Research at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. His research explores the communication processes that support political accountability and that empower discontent in both democratic and non-democratic societies. His work with theCline Center includes curating the world's largest registry of coups and attempted coups, authoritatively documenting police uses of lethal force in the United States, and developing new data resources for tracking protests, riots, and acts of political violence around the world. Costas Panagopoulos is Distinguished Professor and Chair in the Department of Political Science at Northeastern University. He specializes in campaigns and elections, voting behavior, and campaign finance and was part of the NBC News Decision Desk between 2006-2020. He has authored, co-authored, or edited 10 books and over 100 scholarly articles, and is the editor of American Politics Research.

For better or worse, the Electoral College framework dictates how presidential campaigns must think about electoral strategy and resource allocation. Readers will be hard-pressed to find a better study of how campaigns have navigated this terrain since the 1950s. The research, writing, and analyses in this book are all first-rate. The authors bring presidential campaigns to life so vividly that you almost miss the superb social science weaved throughout. You are sure to learn a great deal about modern-era races for the White House-even if they were your own!

• Preface Acknowledgements Chapter 1: A New Look at Presidential Campaigns in the Modern Era Chapter 2: Strategy, Time, and Presidential Campaigning Chapter 3: Wholesale Campaigning (1952-1972) Chapter 4: Zero-Sum Campaigning (1976-2000) Chapter 5: Micro-Targeted Campaigning (2004-2020) Chapter 6: Tracking Electoral College Strategy Over Time Chapter 7: Tracking the Allocation of Resources Over Time Chapter 8: Putting it all Together: Resource Allocation and Vote Outcomes Chapter 9: The Future of Presidential Campaigning (and Beyond!) Appendix Notes References Index

Daron R. Shaw is the Frank C. Erwin, Jr. Chair of State Politics at the University of Texas at Austin. He specializes in Campaigns, Elections, Public Opinion, and Voting, and served as a strategist in the 1992, 2000, and 2004 presidential election campaigns. Shaw is co-director of the Fox News Poll, a member of the Fox News Decision Desk, and associate Principal Investigator for the 2024 American National Election Study. He served as George W. Bush's representative on the National Historical Publications and Records Commission and as an academic director for Barack Obama's Commission for Election Administration.Scott L. Althaus is Merriam Professor of Political Science, Professor of Communication, and Director of the Cline Center for Advanced Social Research at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. His research explores the communication processes that support political accountability and that empower discontent in both democratic and non-democratic societies. His work with theCline Center includes curating the world's largest registry of coups and attempted coups, authoritatively documenting police uses of lethal force in the United States, and developing new data resources for tracking protests, riots, and acts of political violence around the world. Costas Panagopoulos is Distinguished Professor and Chair in the Department of Political Science at Northeastern University. He specializes in campaigns and elections, voting behavior, and campaign finance and was part of the NBC News Decision Desk between 2006-2020. He has authored, co-authored, or edited 10 books and over 100 scholarly articles, and is the editor of American Politics Research.

For better or worse, the Electoral College framework dictates how presidential campaigns must think about electoral strategy and resource allocation. Readers will be hard-pressed to find a better study of how campaigns have navigated this terrain since the 1950s. The research, writing, and analyses in this book are all first-rate. The authors bring presidential campaigns to life so vividly that you almost miss the superb social science weaved throughout. You are sure to learn a great deal about modern-era races for the White House-even if they were your own!

• Preface Acknowledgements Chapter 1: A New Look at Presidential Campaigns in the Modern Era Chapter 2: Strategy, Time, and Presidential Campaigning Chapter 3: Wholesale Campaigning (1952-1972) Chapter 4: Zero-Sum Campaigning (1976-2000) Chapter 5: Micro-Targeted Campaigning (2004-2020) Chapter 6: Tracking Electoral College Strategy Over Time Chapter 7: Tracking the Allocation of Resources Over Time Chapter 8: Putting it all Together: Resource Allocation and Vote Outcomes Chapter 9: The Future of Presidential Campaigning (and Beyond!) Appendix Notes References Index

Daron R. Shaw is the Frank C. Erwin, Jr. Chair of State Politics at the University of Texas at Austin. He specializes in Campaigns, Elections, Public Opinion, and Voting, and served as a strategist in the 1992, 2000, and 2004 presidential election campaigns. Shaw is co-director of the Fox News Poll, a member of the Fox News Decision Desk, and associate Principal Investigator for the 2024 American National Election Study. He served as George W. Bush's representative on the National Historical Publications and Records Commission and as an academic director for Barack Obama's Commission for Election Administration.Scott L. Althaus is Merriam Professor of Political Science, Professor of Communication, and Director of the Cline Center for Advanced Social Research at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. His research explores the communication processes that support political accountability and that empower discontent in both democratic and non-democratic societies. His work with theCline Center includes curating the world's largest registry of coups and attempted coups, authoritatively documenting police uses of lethal force in the United States, and developing new data resources for tracking protests, riots, and acts of political violence around the world. Costas Panagopoulos is Distinguished Professor and Chair in the Department of Political Science at Northeastern University. He specializes in campaigns and elections, voting behavior, and campaign finance and was part of the NBC News Decision Desk between 2006-2020. He has authored, co-authored, or edited 10 books and over 100 scholarly articles, and is the editor of American Politics Research.

For better or worse, the Electoral College framework dictates how presidential campaigns must think about electoral strategy and resource allocation. Readers will be hard-pressed to find a better study of how campaigns have navigated this terrain since the 1950s. The research, writing, and analyses in this book are all first-rate. The authors bring presidential campaigns to life so vividly that you almost miss the superb social science weaved throughout. You are sure to learn a great deal about modern-era races for the White House-even if they were your own!

• Preface Acknowledgements Chapter 1: A New Look at Presidential Campaigns in the Modern Era Chapter 2: Strategy, Time, and Presidential Campaigning Chapter 3: Wholesale Campaigning (1952-1972) Chapter 4: Zero-Sum Campaigning (1976-2000) Chapter 5: Micro-Targeted Campaigning (2004-2020) Chapter 6: Tracking Electoral College Strategy Over Time Chapter 7: Tracking the Allocation of Resources Over Time Chapter 8: Putting it all Together: Resource Allocation and Vote Outcomes Chapter 9: The Future of Presidential Campaigning (and Beyond!) Appendix Notes References Index