M. Ariel Cascio, PhD, is a postdoctoral researcher at the Pragmatic Health Ethics Research Unit of the Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal with a Ph.D. in Anthropology from Case Western Reserve University. Cascio's research focuses on social and ethical issues related to autism, including developing guidelines for person-oriented autism research ethics through a collaborative project with autistic self-advocates, parents, researchers, professionals, and advocacy organization representatives.Eric Racine, PhD, is Director of the Pragmatic Health Ethics Research Unit and Full Research Professor at the Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Canada with joint appointments at the Université de Montréal and McGill University. Inspired by philosophical pragmatism, his research aims to understand and bring to the forefront the experience of ethically problematic situations encountered by patients and stakeholders in order to resolve them collaboratively through deliberative and evidenced-informed processes. He has published over 150 peer reviewed publications in leading journals in the social sciences (e.g., Social Science & Medicine; Public Understanding of Science), bioethics (e.g., Bioethics, American Journal of Bioethics), neuroscience (e.g., Pain, Neuron, Nature Reviews Neuroscience), and clinical medicine and neurology (e.g., Neurology, Lancet Neurology).

• Section I: Conceptual Frameworks 1: Ongoing consent in situations of cognitive vulnerability: Special considerations in implanted neural device trials,lLauren Sankary and Paul Ford 2: Who Decides? Legal Changes to Facilitate Inclusion of Participants with Impaired Cognition in Research,Megan Wright 3: Differing Understandings of Informed Consent Held by Research Institutions, People with Intellectual Disability, and Guardians: Implications for Inclusive, Ethical Research,Britteny Howell and Karrie Shogren 4: Research Cohorts: Diverse Research Subjects, Similar Remedies to Errors in Consent,Deborah Barnbaum 5: Autism, Autonomy, and Research,Kenneth A Richman Section II: Challenges 6: Disability, Vulnerability, and the Capacity to Consent,Stephanie Patterson and Pamela Block 7: REB/IRB Variability and Other Ethical Challenges in Multi-site Research Involving Participants on the Autism Spectrum,Mackenzie Salt 8: Bridging worlds: can anthropology be a communicational therapy?,Leonardo Campoy 9: Challenges of Participating in Research about Living with MCI among Disabled Veterans,Christine Schneider and Eva Kahana 10: Mediators of Inclusion: Challenges to Including Adults with Mild Intellectual Disability in Qualitative Research,Vanessa Cox, Treena Orchard, Pamela Cushing, and Elizabeth Anne Kinsella 11: Shifting Identities: Research on Macro and Micro Aspects of ID College Programs,Jack Trammell Section III: Successes 12: Recognizing the voices of children with 'cognitive impairments' in research,Marjorie Montreuil, Gail Teachman, and Franco Carnevale 13: Informed consent for closed-loop DBS psychiatric research: Engaging end users to understand risks and improve practice,Eran Klein 14: Using Ethnographic Methods to Determine Capacity to Consent amongst Individuals Diagnosed with Chronic Mental Illnesses,Saira A. Mehmood 15: Making research more ethical for adults with FASD: A story of stakeholder engagement, accommodation, and inclusion,John Aspler 16: A conversation with research ethics boards about inclusive research with persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities,Virginie Cobigo, Lynne A. Potvin, Casey Fulford, Hajer Chalghoumi, Mariam Hanna, Natasha Plourde, and Whitney Taylor 17: Assuming Capacity: Ethical Participatory Research with Adolescents and Adults with Down Syndrome,Anne Kohler Section IV: Commentaries 18: Are Patients with Psychiatric Disorders Laura Dunn and Paul Holzheimer 19: Ongoing Consent for the Inverse Problematic to Loss of Capacity: Commentary on Sankary and Ford (Chapter 1),Caitlin Courchesne and Judy Illes 20: Differing Understandings of Informed Consent: Commentary on Howell and Shogren (Chapter 3),Jack Trammell 21: The Mindset of Surrogates and Inclusivity Research: Commentary on Howell and Shogren (Chapter 3),Deborah Barnbaum 22: Drawing Distinctions Among Different Types of Research on Persons with Autism: Commentary on Richman (Chapter 5),Deborah Barnbaum 23: A Critical Lens on Disability and Consent: Commentary on Patterson and Block (Chapter 6) and on Mehmood (Chapter 14),Allison Bloom 24: Repurposing Ethnography to Assess Consent Capacity: Commentary on Mehmood (Chapter 14),Megan Wright 25: Using Ethnographic Methods: Commentary on Mehmood (Chapter 14),Jack Trammell 26: Joining Voices: Commentary on Kohler (Chapter 17),Anne Kohler and Ben Majewski 27: What Stories Tell? In Praise of Anthropology: Commentary on Kohler (Chapter 17),Leonard Campoy 28: Melissa Park and Donald Fogelberg 29: Toward a Research Ethics Culture of Inclusion and Participation: Commentary on All Chapters,Eric Racine 30: Vulnerability, Empowerment, and Dissent-The Importance of Saying No: Commentary on All Chapters,M. Ariel Cascio

M. Ariel Cascio, PhD, is a postdoctoral researcher at the Pragmatic Health Ethics Research Unit of the Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal with a Ph.D. in Anthropology from Case Western Reserve University. Cascio's research focuses on social and ethical issues related to autism, including developing guidelines for person-oriented autism research ethics through a collaborative project with autistic self-advocates, parents, researchers, professionals, and advocacy organization representatives.Eric Racine, PhD, is Director of the Pragmatic Health Ethics Research Unit and Full Research Professor at the Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Canada with joint appointments at the Université de Montréal and McGill University. Inspired by philosophical pragmatism, his research aims to understand and bring to the forefront the experience of ethically problematic situations encountered by patients and stakeholders in order to resolve them collaboratively through deliberative and evidenced-informed processes. He has published over 150 peer reviewed publications in leading journals in the social sciences (e.g., Social Science & Medicine; Public Understanding of Science), bioethics (e.g., Bioethics, American Journal of Bioethics), neuroscience (e.g., Pain, Neuron, Nature Reviews Neuroscience), and clinical medicine and neurology (e.g., Neurology, Lancet Neurology).

• Section I: Conceptual Frameworks 1: Ongoing consent in situations of cognitive vulnerability: Special considerations in implanted neural device trials,lLauren Sankary and Paul Ford 2: Who Decides? Legal Changes to Facilitate Inclusion of Participants with Impaired Cognition in Research,Megan Wright 3: Differing Understandings of Informed Consent Held by Research Institutions, People with Intellectual Disability, and Guardians: Implications for Inclusive, Ethical Research,Britteny Howell and Karrie Shogren 4: Research Cohorts: Diverse Research Subjects, Similar Remedies to Errors in Consent,Deborah Barnbaum 5: Autism, Autonomy, and Research,Kenneth A Richman Section II: Challenges 6: Disability, Vulnerability, and the Capacity to Consent,Stephanie Patterson and Pamela Block 7: REB/IRB Variability and Other Ethical Challenges in Multi-site Research Involving Participants on the Autism Spectrum,Mackenzie Salt 8: Bridging worlds: can anthropology be a communicational therapy?,Leonardo Campoy 9: Challenges of Participating in Research about Living with MCI among Disabled Veterans,Christine Schneider and Eva Kahana 10: Mediators of Inclusion: Challenges to Including Adults with Mild Intellectual Disability in Qualitative Research,Vanessa Cox, Treena Orchard, Pamela Cushing, and Elizabeth Anne Kinsella 11: Shifting Identities: Research on Macro and Micro Aspects of ID College Programs,Jack Trammell Section III: Successes 12: Recognizing the voices of children with 'cognitive impairments' in research,Marjorie Montreuil, Gail Teachman, and Franco Carnevale 13: Informed consent for closed-loop DBS psychiatric research: Engaging end users to understand risks and improve practice,Eran Klein 14: Using Ethnographic Methods to Determine Capacity to Consent amongst Individuals Diagnosed with Chronic Mental Illnesses,Saira A. Mehmood 15: Making research more ethical for adults with FASD: A story of stakeholder engagement, accommodation, and inclusion,John Aspler 16: A conversation with research ethics boards about inclusive research with persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities,Virginie Cobigo, Lynne A. Potvin, Casey Fulford, Hajer Chalghoumi, Mariam Hanna, Natasha Plourde, and Whitney Taylor 17: Assuming Capacity: Ethical Participatory Research with Adolescents and Adults with Down Syndrome,Anne Kohler Section IV: Commentaries 18: Are Patients with Psychiatric Disorders Laura Dunn and Paul Holzheimer 19: Ongoing Consent for the Inverse Problematic to Loss of Capacity: Commentary on Sankary and Ford (Chapter 1),Caitlin Courchesne and Judy Illes 20: Differing Understandings of Informed Consent: Commentary on Howell and Shogren (Chapter 3),Jack Trammell 21: The Mindset of Surrogates and Inclusivity Research: Commentary on Howell and Shogren (Chapter 3),Deborah Barnbaum 22: Drawing Distinctions Among Different Types of Research on Persons with Autism: Commentary on Richman (Chapter 5),Deborah Barnbaum 23: A Critical Lens on Disability and Consent: Commentary on Patterson and Block (Chapter 6) and on Mehmood (Chapter 14),Allison Bloom 24: Repurposing Ethnography to Assess Consent Capacity: Commentary on Mehmood (Chapter 14),Megan Wright 25: Using Ethnographic Methods: Commentary on Mehmood (Chapter 14),Jack Trammell 26: Joining Voices: Commentary on Kohler (Chapter 17),Anne Kohler and Ben Majewski 27: What Stories Tell? In Praise of Anthropology: Commentary on Kohler (Chapter 17),Leonard Campoy 28: Melissa Park and Donald Fogelberg 29: Toward a Research Ethics Culture of Inclusion and Participation: Commentary on All Chapters,Eric Racine 30: Vulnerability, Empowerment, and Dissent-The Importance of Saying No: Commentary on All Chapters,M. Ariel Cascio

M. Ariel Cascio, PhD, is a postdoctoral researcher at the Pragmatic Health Ethics Research Unit of the Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal with a Ph.D. in Anthropology from Case Western Reserve University. Cascio's research focuses on social and ethical issues related to autism, including developing guidelines for person-oriented autism research ethics through a collaborative project with autistic self-advocates, parents, researchers, professionals, and advocacy organization representatives.Eric Racine, PhD, is Director of the Pragmatic Health Ethics Research Unit and Full Research Professor at the Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Canada with joint appointments at the Université de Montréal and McGill University. Inspired by philosophical pragmatism, his research aims to understand and bring to the forefront the experience of ethically problematic situations encountered by patients and stakeholders in order to resolve them collaboratively through deliberative and evidenced-informed processes. He has published over 150 peer reviewed publications in leading journals in the social sciences (e.g., Social Science & Medicine; Public Understanding of Science), bioethics (e.g., Bioethics, American Journal of Bioethics), neuroscience (e.g., Pain, Neuron, Nature Reviews Neuroscience), and clinical medicine and neurology (e.g., Neurology, Lancet Neurology).

• Section I: Conceptual Frameworks 1: Ongoing consent in situations of cognitive vulnerability: Special considerations in implanted neural device trials,lLauren Sankary and Paul Ford 2: Who Decides? Legal Changes to Facilitate Inclusion of Participants with Impaired Cognition in Research,Megan Wright 3: Differing Understandings of Informed Consent Held by Research Institutions, People with Intellectual Disability, and Guardians: Implications for Inclusive, Ethical Research,Britteny Howell and Karrie Shogren 4: Research Cohorts: Diverse Research Subjects, Similar Remedies to Errors in Consent,Deborah Barnbaum 5: Autism, Autonomy, and Research,Kenneth A Richman Section II: Challenges 6: Disability, Vulnerability, and the Capacity to Consent,Stephanie Patterson and Pamela Block 7: REB/IRB Variability and Other Ethical Challenges in Multi-site Research Involving Participants on the Autism Spectrum,Mackenzie Salt 8: Bridging worlds: can anthropology be a communicational therapy?,Leonardo Campoy 9: Challenges of Participating in Research about Living with MCI among Disabled Veterans,Christine Schneider and Eva Kahana 10: Mediators of Inclusion: Challenges to Including Adults with Mild Intellectual Disability in Qualitative Research,Vanessa Cox, Treena Orchard, Pamela Cushing, and Elizabeth Anne Kinsella 11: Shifting Identities: Research on Macro and Micro Aspects of ID College Programs,Jack Trammell Section III: Successes 12: Recognizing the voices of children with 'cognitive impairments' in research,Marjorie Montreuil, Gail Teachman, and Franco Carnevale 13: Informed consent for closed-loop DBS psychiatric research: Engaging end users to understand risks and improve practice,Eran Klein 14: Using Ethnographic Methods to Determine Capacity to Consent amongst Individuals Diagnosed with Chronic Mental Illnesses,Saira A. Mehmood 15: Making research more ethical for adults with FASD: A story of stakeholder engagement, accommodation, and inclusion,John Aspler 16: A conversation with research ethics boards about inclusive research with persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities,Virginie Cobigo, Lynne A. Potvin, Casey Fulford, Hajer Chalghoumi, Mariam Hanna, Natasha Plourde, and Whitney Taylor 17: Assuming Capacity: Ethical Participatory Research with Adolescents and Adults with Down Syndrome,Anne Kohler Section IV: Commentaries 18: Are Patients with Psychiatric Disorders Laura Dunn and Paul Holzheimer 19: Ongoing Consent for the Inverse Problematic to Loss of Capacity: Commentary on Sankary and Ford (Chapter 1),Caitlin Courchesne and Judy Illes 20: Differing Understandings of Informed Consent: Commentary on Howell and Shogren (Chapter 3),Jack Trammell 21: The Mindset of Surrogates and Inclusivity Research: Commentary on Howell and Shogren (Chapter 3),Deborah Barnbaum 22: Drawing Distinctions Among Different Types of Research on Persons with Autism: Commentary on Richman (Chapter 5),Deborah Barnbaum 23: A Critical Lens on Disability and Consent: Commentary on Patterson and Block (Chapter 6) and on Mehmood (Chapter 14),Allison Bloom 24: Repurposing Ethnography to Assess Consent Capacity: Commentary on Mehmood (Chapter 14),Megan Wright 25: Using Ethnographic Methods: Commentary on Mehmood (Chapter 14),Jack Trammell 26: Joining Voices: Commentary on Kohler (Chapter 17),Anne Kohler and Ben Majewski 27: What Stories Tell? In Praise of Anthropology: Commentary on Kohler (Chapter 17),Leonard Campoy 28: Melissa Park and Donald Fogelberg 29: Toward a Research Ethics Culture of Inclusion and Participation: Commentary on All Chapters,Eric Racine 30: Vulnerability, Empowerment, and Dissent-The Importance of Saying No: Commentary on All Chapters,M. Ariel Cascio