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• 1 Front Matter; 2 Summary; 3 1 Introduction; 4 2 Technologies for Reducing Fuel Consumption in Spark-Ignition Engines; 5 3 Technologies for Reducing Fuel Consumption in Compression-Ignition Diesel Engines; 6 4 Electrified Powertrains; 7 5 Transmissions; 8 6 Non-Powertrain Technologies; 9 7 Cost and Manufacturing Considerations for Meeting Fuel Economy Standards; 10 8 Estimates of Technology Costs and Fuel Consumption Reduction Effectiveness; 11 9 Consumer Impacts and Acceptance Issues; 12 10 Overall Assessment of CAFE Program Methodology and Design; 13 Appendix A: Statement of Task; 14 Appendix B: Committee Biographies; 15 Appendix C: Presentations and Committee Meetings; 16 Appendix D: Ideal Thermodynamic Cycles for Otto, Diesel, and Atkinson Engines; 17 Appendix E: SI Engine Definitions and Efficiency Fundamentals; 18 Appendix F: Examples of Friction Reduction Opportunities for Main Engine Components; 19 Appendix G: Friction Reduction in Downsized Engines; 20 Appendix H: Variable Valve Timing Systems; 21 Appendix I: Variable Valve Lift Systems; 22 Appendix J: Reasons for Potential Differences from NHTSA Estimates for Fuel Consumption Reduction Effectiveness of Turbocharged, Downsized Engines; 23 Appendix K: DOE Research Projects on Turbocharged and Downsized Engines; 24 Appendix L: Relationship between Power and Performance; 25 Appendix M: HCCI Projects; 26 Appendix N: Effect of Compression Ratio of Brake Thermal Efficiency; 27 Appendix O: Variable Compression Ratio Engines; 28 Appendix P: Fuel Consumption Impact of Tier 3 Emission Standards; 29 Appendix Q: Examples of EPA's Standards for Gasoline; 30 Appendix R: Impact of Low Carbon Fuels to Achieve Reductions in GHG Emissions (California LCFS 2007 Alternative Fuels and Cleaner Fossil Fuels CNG, LPG); 31 Appendix S: NHTSA's Estimated Fuel Consumption Reduction Effectiveness of Technologies and Estimated Costs of Technologies; 32 Appendix T: Derivation of Turbocharged, Downsized Engine Direct Manufacturing Costs; 33 Appendix U: SI Engine Pathway NHTSA Estimates Direct Manufacturing Costs and Total Costs; 34 Appendix V: SI Engine Pathway NRC Estimates Direct Manufacturing Costs Alternative Pathway, Alternative High CR with Exhaust Scavenging, and Alternative EVAS Supercharger; 35 Appendix W: Technologies, Footprints, and Fuel Economy for Example Passenger Cars, Trucks, and Hybrid Passenger Cars; 36 Appendix X: Full System Simulation Modeling of Fuel Consumption Reductions; 37 Appendix Y: Acronym List