Serena Giusti is Head of the Programme on Eastern Europe, Russia and Eurasia at Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies in Pisa, Italy, and Senior Associate Research Fellow at the Institute for International Studies (ISPI) in Milan, Italy. She also sits on the Advisory board of Women in International Security (WIIS), Italy.Elisa Piras is Postdoctoral Fellow in Political Philosophy at Dirpolis Institute at Sant’Anna School for Advanced Studies in Pisa, Italy. Her research focuses on contemporary political liberalism and its international implications for global justice and for democratic foreign policy.

• List of figures List of tables Notes on contributors Preface Introduction: In Search of Paradigms: Disinformation, Fake News, and Post-Truth Politics Part I: Post-Truth Politics and the Challenges to Democracy 1. Reading Arendt to Rethink Truth, Science and Politics in the Era of Fake News 2. Inequality in the Public Sphere: Epistemic Injustice, Discrimination and Violence 3. Incorporating Intersectionality into AI Ethics 4. How Post-Truth Politics Transformed and Shaped the Outcome of the 2016 Brexit Referendum 5. Information and Democracy: Fake News as an Emotional Weapon 6. Searching for a Unicorn: Fake News and Electoral Behaviour 7. Once Upon Covid-19: A Tale of Misleading Information Going Viral Part II: From Disinformation to Post-Truth Politics: Evidences from Russia 8. Lie to Live: The Production of a Faked Reality as an Existential Function of Putin's Regime 9. Playing the Russian Disinformation Game: Information Operations from Soviet Tactics to Putin’s Sharp Power 10. Myths and Realities of Putinism in Post-Truth Politics 11. Responding to Alleged Russian Interference by Focusing on the Vulnerabilities That Make It Possible Part III: Dilemmas of Contrasting Disinformation and Fake News 12. Information Spreading and the Role of Automated Accounts on Twitter: Two Case Studies 13. Radical-Right Political Activism on the Web and the Challenge for European Democracy: A Perspective from Eastern and Central Europe 14. When a Credible Source turns ‘Fake’: The Relotius Affair and the German System for Combatting Fake News 15. "But verifying facts is what we do!": Fact-checking and Journalistic Professional Autonomy 16. The EU Code of Practice on Disinformation and the Risk of the Privatisation of Censorship Index

Serena Giusti is Head of the Programme on Eastern Europe, Russia and Eurasia at Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies in Pisa, Italy, and Senior Associate Research Fellow at the Institute for International Studies (ISPI) in Milan, Italy. She also sits on the Advisory board of Women in International Security (WIIS), Italy.Elisa Piras is Postdoctoral Fellow in Political Philosophy at Dirpolis Institute at Sant’Anna School for Advanced Studies in Pisa, Italy. Her research focuses on contemporary political liberalism and its international implications for global justice and for democratic foreign policy.

• List of figures List of tables Notes on contributors Preface Introduction: In Search of Paradigms: Disinformation, Fake News, and Post-Truth Politics Part I: Post-Truth Politics and the Challenges to Democracy 1. Reading Arendt to Rethink Truth, Science and Politics in the Era of Fake News 2. Inequality in the Public Sphere: Epistemic Injustice, Discrimination and Violence 3. Incorporating Intersectionality into AI Ethics 4. How Post-Truth Politics Transformed and Shaped the Outcome of the 2016 Brexit Referendum 5. Information and Democracy: Fake News as an Emotional Weapon 6. Searching for a Unicorn: Fake News and Electoral Behaviour 7. Once Upon Covid-19: A Tale of Misleading Information Going Viral Part II: From Disinformation to Post-Truth Politics: Evidences from Russia 8. Lie to Live: The Production of a Faked Reality as an Existential Function of Putin's Regime 9. Playing the Russian Disinformation Game: Information Operations from Soviet Tactics to Putin’s Sharp Power 10. Myths and Realities of Putinism in Post-Truth Politics 11. Responding to Alleged Russian Interference by Focusing on the Vulnerabilities That Make It Possible Part III: Dilemmas of Contrasting Disinformation and Fake News 12. Information Spreading and the Role of Automated Accounts on Twitter: Two Case Studies 13. Radical-Right Political Activism on the Web and the Challenge for European Democracy: A Perspective from Eastern and Central Europe 14. When a Credible Source turns ‘Fake’: The Relotius Affair and the German System for Combatting Fake News 15. "But verifying facts is what we do!": Fact-checking and Journalistic Professional Autonomy 16. The EU Code of Practice on Disinformation and the Risk of the Privatisation of Censorship Index

Serena Giusti is Head of the Programme on Eastern Europe, Russia and Eurasia at Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies in Pisa, Italy, and Senior Associate Research Fellow at the Institute for International Studies (ISPI) in Milan, Italy. She also sits on the Advisory board of Women in International Security (WIIS), Italy.Elisa Piras is Postdoctoral Fellow in Political Philosophy at Dirpolis Institute at Sant’Anna School for Advanced Studies in Pisa, Italy. Her research focuses on contemporary political liberalism and its international implications for global justice and for democratic foreign policy.

• List of figures List of tables Notes on contributors Preface Introduction: In Search of Paradigms: Disinformation, Fake News, and Post-Truth Politics Part I: Post-Truth Politics and the Challenges to Democracy 1. Reading Arendt to Rethink Truth, Science and Politics in the Era of Fake News 2. Inequality in the Public Sphere: Epistemic Injustice, Discrimination and Violence 3. Incorporating Intersectionality into AI Ethics 4. How Post-Truth Politics Transformed and Shaped the Outcome of the 2016 Brexit Referendum 5. Information and Democracy: Fake News as an Emotional Weapon 6. Searching for a Unicorn: Fake News and Electoral Behaviour 7. Once Upon Covid-19: A Tale of Misleading Information Going Viral Part II: From Disinformation to Post-Truth Politics: Evidences from Russia 8. Lie to Live: The Production of a Faked Reality as an Existential Function of Putin's Regime 9. Playing the Russian Disinformation Game: Information Operations from Soviet Tactics to Putin’s Sharp Power 10. Myths and Realities of Putinism in Post-Truth Politics 11. Responding to Alleged Russian Interference by Focusing on the Vulnerabilities That Make It Possible Part III: Dilemmas of Contrasting Disinformation and Fake News 12. Information Spreading and the Role of Automated Accounts on Twitter: Two Case Studies 13. Radical-Right Political Activism on the Web and the Challenge for European Democracy: A Perspective from Eastern and Central Europe 14. When a Credible Source turns ‘Fake’: The Relotius Affair and the German System for Combatting Fake News 15. "But verifying facts is what we do!": Fact-checking and Journalistic Professional Autonomy 16. The EU Code of Practice on Disinformation and the Risk of the Privatisation of Censorship Index