Introduction to Social Statistics

Thomas Dietz is Professor of Sociology and Director of the Environmental Science and Policy Program at Michigan State University. He has 20 years’ experience teaching introductory social statistics and his books include Essentials of Social Research (with Linda Kalof and Amy Dan, 2008), New Tools for Environmental Protection (edited with Paul C. Stern, 2002), Environmentally Significant Consumption (edited with Paul C. Stern et al., 1997), and Handbook for Environmental Planning (edited with James McEvoy, 1977). Linda Kalof is Professor of Sociology at Michigan State University. With 15 years of experience teaching introductory social statistics and research methods, she has won two university teaching awards and her books include Essentials of Social Research (with Amy Dan and Thomas Dietz, 2008), Looking at Animals in Human History (2007), A Cultural History of Animals (edited with Brigitte Resl, 2007), The Animals Reader (edited with Amy Fitzgerald, 2007), and The Earthscan Reader in Environmental Values (edited with Terre Satterfield, 2005).

• List of Tables viiList of Figures xviiPreface: A Strategy for Approaching Quantitative Analysis xxv1 An Introduction to Quantitative Analysis 12 Some Basic Concepts 333 Displaying Data One Variable at a Time 654 Describing Data 1155 Plotting Relationships and Conditional Distributions 1556 Causation and Models of Causal Effects 1827 Probability 2188 Sampling Distributions and Inference 2559 Using Sampling Distributions: Confidence Intervals 29510 Using Sampling Distributions: Hypothesis Tests 31911 The Subtle Logic of Analysis of Variance 36312 Goodness of Fit and Models of Frequency Tables 39613 Bivariate Regression and Correlation 43514 Basics of Multiple Regression 476Appendix A: Summary of Variables Used in Examples 513Appendix B: Mathematics Review 520Appendix C: Statistical Tables 526Glossary of Key Terms 534Notes 546Index 559