David J. Breeze has been Chair of the International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies and President of several archaeological societies in the UK. He was Chief Inspector of Ancient Monuments for Scotland from 1989 to 2005, and subsequently led the team which successfully nominated the Antonine Wall as a World Heritage Site in 2008. David has excavated on both Hadrian’s Wall and the Antonine Wall and written several books on these frontiers, on frontiers elsewhere in the Roman Empire and on the Roman army.Tatiana Ivleva is a Roman provincial archaeologist with specialism in the archaeology of portable material culture, in particular personal adornments, and long-standing interest in Roman frontiers and Roman frontier communities.

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• Preface Introduction The Sixth International Congress of Archaeology, Berlin 1939 The First Congress, Newcastle, England, UK 1949 The Second Congress, Carnuntum, Austria 1955 The Third Congress, Rheinfelden/Basel, Switzerland 1957 The Fourth Congress, Durham, England, UK 1959 The Fifth Congress, former Yugoslavia 1961 The Sixth Congress, Arnoldshain, Germany 1964 The Seventh Congress, Tel Aviv, Israel 1967 The Eighth Congress, Cardiff, Wales, UK 1969 The Ninth Congress, Mamaïa, Romania 1972 The Tenth Congress, Xanten and Nijmegen, Germany and the Netherlands 1974 The Eleventh Congress, Székesfehérvár, Hungary 1976 The Twelfth Congress, Stirling, Scotland, UK 1979 The Thirteenth Congress, Aalen, Germany 1983 The Fourteenth Congress, Carnuntum, Austria 1986 The Fifteenth Congress, Canterbury, England (UK) 1989 The Sixteenth Congress, Rolduc Abbey, Kerkrade, the Netherlands 1995 The Seventeenth Congress, Zalău, Romania 1997 The Eighteenth Congress, Amman, Jordan 2000 The Nineteenth Congress, Pécs, Hungary 2003 The Twentieth Congress, León, Spain 2006 The Twenty-First Congress, Newcastle, England (UK) 2009 The Twenty-second Congress, Ruse, Bulgaria 2012 The Twenty-third Congress, Ingolstadt, Germany 2015 The Twenty-fourth Congress, Viminacium, Serbia 2018The Twenty-fifth Congress, Nijmegen, the Netherlands 2022Reflections on the CongressThe structure of the Congress meetingsInternational influencesThe cycle of meetingsThe location of CongressesPlanning a CongressSpecial features The Frontiers of the Roman Empire World Heritage property Further reading Appendix: The frontiers of the Roman Empire multi-language books Acknowledgements

David J. Breeze has been Chair of the International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies and President of several archaeological societies in the UK. He was Chief Inspector of Ancient Monuments for Scotland from 1989 to 2005, and subsequently led the team which successfully nominated the Antonine Wall as a World Heritage Site in 2008. David has excavated on both Hadrian’s Wall and the Antonine Wall and written several books on these frontiers, on frontiers elsewhere in the Roman Empire and on the Roman army.Tatiana Ivleva is a Roman provincial archaeologist with specialism in the archaeology of portable material culture, in particular personal adornments, and long-standing interest in Roman frontiers and Roman frontier communities.

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• Preface Introduction The Sixth International Congress of Archaeology, Berlin 1939 The First Congress, Newcastle, England, UK 1949 The Second Congress, Carnuntum, Austria 1955 The Third Congress, Rheinfelden/Basel, Switzerland 1957 The Fourth Congress, Durham, England, UK 1959 The Fifth Congress, former Yugoslavia 1961 The Sixth Congress, Arnoldshain, Germany 1964 The Seventh Congress, Tel Aviv, Israel 1967 The Eighth Congress, Cardiff, Wales, UK 1969 The Ninth Congress, Mamaïa, Romania 1972 The Tenth Congress, Xanten and Nijmegen, Germany and the Netherlands 1974 The Eleventh Congress, Székesfehérvár, Hungary 1976 The Twelfth Congress, Stirling, Scotland, UK 1979 The Thirteenth Congress, Aalen, Germany 1983 The Fourteenth Congress, Carnuntum, Austria 1986 The Fifteenth Congress, Canterbury, England (UK) 1989 The Sixteenth Congress, Rolduc Abbey, Kerkrade, the Netherlands 1995 The Seventeenth Congress, Zalău, Romania 1997 The Eighteenth Congress, Amman, Jordan 2000 The Nineteenth Congress, Pécs, Hungary 2003 The Twentieth Congress, León, Spain 2006 The Twenty-First Congress, Newcastle, England (UK) 2009 The Twenty-second Congress, Ruse, Bulgaria 2012 The Twenty-third Congress, Ingolstadt, Germany 2015 The Twenty-fourth Congress, Viminacium, Serbia 2018The Twenty-fifth Congress, Nijmegen, the Netherlands 2022Reflections on the CongressThe structure of the Congress meetingsInternational influencesThe cycle of meetingsThe location of CongressesPlanning a CongressSpecial features The Frontiers of the Roman Empire World Heritage property Further reading Appendix: The frontiers of the Roman Empire multi-language books Acknowledgements

David J. Breeze has been Chair of the International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies and President of several archaeological societies in the UK. He was Chief Inspector of Ancient Monuments for Scotland from 1989 to 2005, and subsequently led the team which successfully nominated the Antonine Wall as a World Heritage Site in 2008. David has excavated on both Hadrian’s Wall and the Antonine Wall and written several books on these frontiers, on frontiers elsewhere in the Roman Empire and on the Roman army.Tatiana Ivleva is a Roman provincial archaeologist with specialism in the archaeology of portable material culture, in particular personal adornments, and long-standing interest in Roman frontiers and Roman frontier communities.

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• Preface Introduction The Sixth International Congress of Archaeology, Berlin 1939 The First Congress, Newcastle, England, UK 1949 The Second Congress, Carnuntum, Austria 1955 The Third Congress, Rheinfelden/Basel, Switzerland 1957 The Fourth Congress, Durham, England, UK 1959 The Fifth Congress, former Yugoslavia 1961 The Sixth Congress, Arnoldshain, Germany 1964 The Seventh Congress, Tel Aviv, Israel 1967 The Eighth Congress, Cardiff, Wales, UK 1969 The Ninth Congress, Mamaïa, Romania 1972 The Tenth Congress, Xanten and Nijmegen, Germany and the Netherlands 1974 The Eleventh Congress, Székesfehérvár, Hungary 1976 The Twelfth Congress, Stirling, Scotland, UK 1979 The Thirteenth Congress, Aalen, Germany 1983 The Fourteenth Congress, Carnuntum, Austria 1986 The Fifteenth Congress, Canterbury, England (UK) 1989 The Sixteenth Congress, Rolduc Abbey, Kerkrade, the Netherlands 1995 The Seventeenth Congress, Zalău, Romania 1997 The Eighteenth Congress, Amman, Jordan 2000 The Nineteenth Congress, Pécs, Hungary 2003 The Twentieth Congress, León, Spain 2006 The Twenty-First Congress, Newcastle, England (UK) 2009 The Twenty-second Congress, Ruse, Bulgaria 2012 The Twenty-third Congress, Ingolstadt, Germany 2015 The Twenty-fourth Congress, Viminacium, Serbia 2018The Twenty-fifth Congress, Nijmegen, the Netherlands 2022Reflections on the CongressThe structure of the Congress meetingsInternational influencesThe cycle of meetingsThe location of CongressesPlanning a CongressSpecial features The Frontiers of the Roman Empire World Heritage property Further reading Appendix: The frontiers of the Roman Empire multi-language books Acknowledgements