Patricia Patrick received her MEd and PhD from the University of North Carolina Greensboro. She is an Assistant Professor in Cultural Foundations and Leadership at Columbus State University and an Associate Fellow in the Department of Sociology at the University of Warwick. In cooperation with the Houston Zoo, Dr. Patrick developed a Masters of Education in Curriculum and Instruction for Informal Science Education. She has published numerous articles related to informal science learning, with a focus on sociocultural theory. Her work focuses on the importance of social interactions and the importance of those interactions within families. She published the book Zoo Talk. She has been a guest speaker at the Chester Zoo (England), University College London Institute of Education (England), Sao Paulo Zoo (Brazil), and San Diego Zoo where she discussed questioning skills and preparing science communicators. She has been a Visiting Researcher at the Museum fur Naturkunde inBerlin as a researcher on the development of a new Heinz Sielmann exhibit. Her research interests are in informal science education, preparing informal educators, and the influence of family culture and science knowledge on science learning.

• Foreword, Lynn Dierking.- Introduction, Patricia G. Patrick.- About the Editor.- About the Contributors.- Defining ISE.- 1. Formerly ISE: Preparation for Continual Science Learning, Phyllis Katz.- Professional Development.- 2. Informal Science Educators and the Nine Dimensions of Reflective Practice, Patricia G. Patrick.- 3. Facilitating Deep Conceptual Learning: The Role of Reflection and Learning Communities, Heather King and Lynn Tran.- 4. From Acquisition to Inquiry: Supporting Informal Educators through Iterative Implementation of Practice, Lauren B. Allen and Kevin Crowley.- 5. Museum Science Teaching: Museum Educators’ Personal Epistemologies and Created Learning Experiences, Jung-Hua Yeh.- 6. Informal Science Educator Identity Construction, Brad McLain.- Designing Programs.- 7. There is no “Off Button” to Explaining: Theorizing identity development in youth who work as floor facilitators, Preeti Gupta and Jennifer Correa.- 8. Integrating Mobile Computers into Informal Science Education, Heather Toomey Zimmerman and Susan M. Land.- 9. Designing Informal Astronomy Education Toward Participatory Learning Environments, Mi Song Kim.- 10. Developing Effective Pedagogical Approaches in Science Outreach Programs for Young Children, Christine Howitt, Elaine Blake & Léonie Rennie.- 11. Gender Differences Reflected in Conversations at Exhibits, Sue Dale Tunnicliffe.- 12. The Challenges of ‘Measuring Long-term Impacts of a Science Center on its Community’: A Methodological Review, Eric Jensen and Thomas Lister.- 13. Utilizing indicator-based methods: 'Measuring the impact of a science center on its community', John H. Falk and Mark D. Needham.- Bridging the Gap Between Formal and Informal Educators.- 14. Visualising Social Network Structures in the Training of Professional Learning Communities of Educators in Informal and Formal Settings, Jakob Egg, Suzanne Kapelari & Justin Dillon.- 15. Professional Development: Targeted On-the-Job Trainings, Chance Sanford and Victoria Sokol.- 16. Multiple Approaches to Using Informal Science Education Contexts to Prepare Informal and Formal Science Educators, Emily Hestness, Kelly Riedinger, and J. Randy McGinnis.- 17. Extending Classrooms into Parks Through Informal Science Learning and Place-Based Education, Jennifer Adams and Brett Branco.- 18. Preparing Informal Science Educators in a Formal Science Teacher Education Program: An Oxymoron? Catherine E. Matthews, Susannah Thompson, and Sadie Camfield Payne.- 19. A Comparative Look at Informal Science Education & Environmental Education in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia & North Carolina, USA, Aceng Ruyani and Catherine E. Matthews.- 20. Explorers of Nature in Natural History Museums – An Approach to Integrating Children with Refugee or Migration Status, Alexandra Moormann.- Science Communication.- 21. Preparing Scientists to be Science Communicators, Ayelet Baram-Tsabari and Bruce V. Lewenstein.- 22. ‘User-Generated’ Educators: The New Frontier or a Far-Fetched Dream? Maria Xanthuoudaki and Enrico Miotto.- 23. Teaching the Theory of Evolution in Informal Settings to Those Who Are Uncomfortable with It, Michael J. Reiss.- 24. Addressing Nature of Scientific Knowledge in the Preparation of Informal Educators, Judith S. Lederman and Gary M. Holliday.- 25. The Attributes of Informal Science Education: A Science Communication Perspective, Susan M. Stocklmayer and Léonie J. Rennie.- 26. Sense of Conservation: When is a Black Rat Snake (Elaphe obsolete) Really Just a Snake? Patricia G. Patrick.- 27. Opening Up the Dialogic Space. Using Questions to Facilitate Deeper Informal Learning, Martin Braund and Anthony Lelliott.- Concluding Chapter, Joy Kubarek.

Patricia Patrick received her MEd and PhD from the University of North Carolina Greensboro. She is an Assistant Professor in Cultural Foundations and Leadership at Columbus State University and an Associate Fellow in the Department of Sociology at the University of Warwick. In cooperation with the Houston Zoo, Dr. Patrick developed a Masters of Education in Curriculum and Instruction for Informal Science Education. She has published numerous articles related to informal science learning, with a focus on sociocultural theory. Her work focuses on the importance of social interactions and the importance of those interactions within families. She published the book Zoo Talk. She has been a guest speaker at the Chester Zoo (England), University College London Institute of Education (England), Sao Paulo Zoo (Brazil), and San Diego Zoo where she discussed questioning skills and preparing science communicators. She has been a Visiting Researcher at the Museum fur Naturkunde inBerlin as a researcher on the development of a new Heinz Sielmann exhibit. Her research interests are in informal science education, preparing informal educators, and the influence of family culture and science knowledge on science learning.

• Foreword, Lynn Dierking.- Introduction, Patricia G. Patrick.- About the Editor.- About the Contributors.- Defining ISE.- 1. Formerly ISE: Preparation for Continual Science Learning, Phyllis Katz.- Professional Development.- 2. Informal Science Educators and the Nine Dimensions of Reflective Practice, Patricia G. Patrick.- 3. Facilitating Deep Conceptual Learning: The Role of Reflection and Learning Communities, Heather King and Lynn Tran.- 4. From Acquisition to Inquiry: Supporting Informal Educators through Iterative Implementation of Practice, Lauren B. Allen and Kevin Crowley.- 5. Museum Science Teaching: Museum Educators’ Personal Epistemologies and Created Learning Experiences, Jung-Hua Yeh.- 6. Informal Science Educator Identity Construction, Brad McLain.- Designing Programs.- 7. There is no “Off Button” to Explaining: Theorizing identity development in youth who work as floor facilitators, Preeti Gupta and Jennifer Correa.- 8. Integrating Mobile Computers into Informal Science Education, Heather Toomey Zimmerman and Susan M. Land.- 9. Designing Informal Astronomy Education Toward Participatory Learning Environments, Mi Song Kim.- 10. Developing Effective Pedagogical Approaches in Science Outreach Programs for Young Children, Christine Howitt, Elaine Blake & Léonie Rennie.- 11. Gender Differences Reflected in Conversations at Exhibits, Sue Dale Tunnicliffe.- 12. The Challenges of ‘Measuring Long-term Impacts of a Science Center on its Community’: A Methodological Review, Eric Jensen and Thomas Lister.- 13. Utilizing indicator-based methods: 'Measuring the impact of a science center on its community', John H. Falk and Mark D. Needham.- Bridging the Gap Between Formal and Informal Educators.- 14. Visualising Social Network Structures in the Training of Professional Learning Communities of Educators in Informal and Formal Settings, Jakob Egg, Suzanne Kapelari & Justin Dillon.- 15. Professional Development: Targeted On-the-Job Trainings, Chance Sanford and Victoria Sokol.- 16. Multiple Approaches to Using Informal Science Education Contexts to Prepare Informal and Formal Science Educators, Emily Hestness, Kelly Riedinger, and J. Randy McGinnis.- 17. Extending Classrooms into Parks Through Informal Science Learning and Place-Based Education, Jennifer Adams and Brett Branco.- 18. Preparing Informal Science Educators in a Formal Science Teacher Education Program: An Oxymoron? Catherine E. Matthews, Susannah Thompson, and Sadie Camfield Payne.- 19. A Comparative Look at Informal Science Education & Environmental Education in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia & North Carolina, USA, Aceng Ruyani and Catherine E. Matthews.- 20. Explorers of Nature in Natural History Museums – An Approach to Integrating Children with Refugee or Migration Status, Alexandra Moormann.- Science Communication.- 21. Preparing Scientists to be Science Communicators, Ayelet Baram-Tsabari and Bruce V. Lewenstein.- 22. ‘User-Generated’ Educators: The New Frontier or a Far-Fetched Dream? Maria Xanthuoudaki and Enrico Miotto.- 23. Teaching the Theory of Evolution in Informal Settings to Those Who Are Uncomfortable with It, Michael J. Reiss.- 24. Addressing Nature of Scientific Knowledge in the Preparation of Informal Educators, Judith S. Lederman and Gary M. Holliday.- 25. The Attributes of Informal Science Education: A Science Communication Perspective, Susan M. Stocklmayer and Léonie J. Rennie.- 26. Sense of Conservation: When is a Black Rat Snake (Elaphe obsolete) Really Just a Snake? Patricia G. Patrick.- 27. Opening Up the Dialogic Space. Using Questions to Facilitate Deeper Informal Learning, Martin Braund and Anthony Lelliott.- Concluding Chapter, Joy Kubarek.

Patricia Patrick received her MEd and PhD from the University of North Carolina Greensboro. She is an Assistant Professor in Cultural Foundations and Leadership at Columbus State University and an Associate Fellow in the Department of Sociology at the University of Warwick. In cooperation with the Houston Zoo, Dr. Patrick developed a Masters of Education in Curriculum and Instruction for Informal Science Education. She has published numerous articles related to informal science learning, with a focus on sociocultural theory. Her work focuses on the importance of social interactions and the importance of those interactions within families. She published the book Zoo Talk. She has been a guest speaker at the Chester Zoo (England), University College London Institute of Education (England), Sao Paulo Zoo (Brazil), and San Diego Zoo where she discussed questioning skills and preparing science communicators. She has been a Visiting Researcher at the Museum fur Naturkunde inBerlin as a researcher on the development of a new Heinz Sielmann exhibit. Her research interests are in informal science education, preparing informal educators, and the influence of family culture and science knowledge on science learning.

• Foreword, Lynn Dierking.- Introduction, Patricia G. Patrick.- About the Editor.- About the Contributors.- Defining ISE.- 1. Formerly ISE: Preparation for Continual Science Learning, Phyllis Katz.- Professional Development.- 2. Informal Science Educators and the Nine Dimensions of Reflective Practice, Patricia G. Patrick.- 3. Facilitating Deep Conceptual Learning: The Role of Reflection and Learning Communities, Heather King and Lynn Tran.- 4. From Acquisition to Inquiry: Supporting Informal Educators through Iterative Implementation of Practice, Lauren B. Allen and Kevin Crowley.- 5. Museum Science Teaching: Museum Educators’ Personal Epistemologies and Created Learning Experiences, Jung-Hua Yeh.- 6. Informal Science Educator Identity Construction, Brad McLain.- Designing Programs.- 7. There is no “Off Button” to Explaining: Theorizing identity development in youth who work as floor facilitators, Preeti Gupta and Jennifer Correa.- 8. Integrating Mobile Computers into Informal Science Education, Heather Toomey Zimmerman and Susan M. Land.- 9. Designing Informal Astronomy Education Toward Participatory Learning Environments, Mi Song Kim.- 10. Developing Effective Pedagogical Approaches in Science Outreach Programs for Young Children, Christine Howitt, Elaine Blake & Léonie Rennie.- 11. Gender Differences Reflected in Conversations at Exhibits, Sue Dale Tunnicliffe.- 12. The Challenges of ‘Measuring Long-term Impacts of a Science Center on its Community’: A Methodological Review, Eric Jensen and Thomas Lister.- 13. Utilizing indicator-based methods: 'Measuring the impact of a science center on its community', John H. Falk and Mark D. Needham.- Bridging the Gap Between Formal and Informal Educators.- 14. Visualising Social Network Structures in the Training of Professional Learning Communities of Educators in Informal and Formal Settings, Jakob Egg, Suzanne Kapelari & Justin Dillon.- 15. Professional Development: Targeted On-the-Job Trainings, Chance Sanford and Victoria Sokol.- 16. Multiple Approaches to Using Informal Science Education Contexts to Prepare Informal and Formal Science Educators, Emily Hestness, Kelly Riedinger, and J. Randy McGinnis.- 17. Extending Classrooms into Parks Through Informal Science Learning and Place-Based Education, Jennifer Adams and Brett Branco.- 18. Preparing Informal Science Educators in a Formal Science Teacher Education Program: An Oxymoron? Catherine E. Matthews, Susannah Thompson, and Sadie Camfield Payne.- 19. A Comparative Look at Informal Science Education & Environmental Education in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia & North Carolina, USA, Aceng Ruyani and Catherine E. Matthews.- 20. Explorers of Nature in Natural History Museums – An Approach to Integrating Children with Refugee or Migration Status, Alexandra Moormann.- Science Communication.- 21. Preparing Scientists to be Science Communicators, Ayelet Baram-Tsabari and Bruce V. Lewenstein.- 22. ‘User-Generated’ Educators: The New Frontier or a Far-Fetched Dream? Maria Xanthuoudaki and Enrico Miotto.- 23. Teaching the Theory of Evolution in Informal Settings to Those Who Are Uncomfortable with It, Michael J. Reiss.- 24. Addressing Nature of Scientific Knowledge in the Preparation of Informal Educators, Judith S. Lederman and Gary M. Holliday.- 25. The Attributes of Informal Science Education: A Science Communication Perspective, Susan M. Stocklmayer and Léonie J. Rennie.- 26. Sense of Conservation: When is a Black Rat Snake (Elaphe obsolete) Really Just a Snake? Patricia G. Patrick.- 27. Opening Up the Dialogic Space. Using Questions to Facilitate Deeper Informal Learning, Martin Braund and Anthony Lelliott.- Concluding Chapter, Joy Kubarek.