Dennis R. Young – författare

Corporate philanthropy is at a crossroads, moving from a focus on "doing the right thing" for the community to one that emphasizes the bottom line of the corporation. This new corporate landscape presents some important challenges for the nonprofit sector. Corporate Philanthropy at the Crossroads looks at current practices, trends, and issues for corporate philanthropy and frames a productive research agenda based on the needs of practitioners. Here is a useful reference for fund raisers as they implement their strategic plans for the future. Indispensable reading for academics with an interest in corporate philanthropy. Contributors are Lance C. Buhl, Dwight F. Burlingame, Patricia A. Frishkoff, Jerome L. Himmelstein, Raymond E. Jones, Alice Korngold, David Lewin, J. M. Sabater, Craig Smith, Elizabeth Hosler Voudouris, Donna J. Wood, John A. Yankey, and Dennis R. Young.

In keeping with increasing professionalism in nonprofits Michael O'Neill and Dennis R. Young have as editors produced a book, Educating Managers of Nonprofit Organizations, that seeks the best ways to educate the persons who are rising to the top in charitable enterprises. Apprenticeships still retain a high value, say some of the contributors to the book, but they are not often practical. Nonprofit management as an academic specialty is considered at length, and on-the-job course work is examined. In the course of the discussion the management of nonprofits is carefully dissected, and some of its most troublesome areas are revealed. LRC NewsbriefEducating Managers of Non-Profit Organizations examines the question of how to most productively train managers for these complex and diverse organizations whose non-profit basis makes them unsuited to many of the traditional business programs. The presentations are broad-based yet detailed, making this volume valuable to a wide range of readers: managers and policy-makers of non-profit organizations, scholars of managerial education, management program funders, consulting and technical service groups, as well as non-profit organization leaders. The editors have assembled 15 papers from highly prestigious scholars, practitioners, and researchers to present a clear and thorough coverage of the topic. Included are expert articles discussing: the types of non-profit managers; curricula for such managers; differences between non-profit and traditional organizations; the non-profit organization's place in higher education.

Nonprofits often struggle financially, overwhelmed by the need to muster a complex combination of income streams that range from grants and government funding to gifts-in-kind and volunteer labor. Financing Nonprofits draws upon a growing body of scholarship in economics and organizational theory to offer a conceptual framework for understanding this diverse mix of financing sources. By applying theory, readers can understand when a nonprofit organization should pursue particular sources of income and how it should manage its portfolio of income from different sources. Organized under the auspices of the National Center on Nonprofit Enterprise, Financing Nonprofits argues that those who would manage nonprofit organizations must first develop a conceptual framework through which they can understand the complicated and fast-paced landscape surrounding nonprofit decision-making. It offers a piece by piece analysis of the many potential components of nonprofit operating income, including a detailed study on how to accumulate the capital needed for major infrastructure projects or endowments and an examination of how to maintain a healthy investment profile once sufficient capital exists. By melding theory with practice, Young and the other contributors to Financing Nonprofits have created a volume that will serve as a practical guide to financing strategies for executive directors, CFOs, and board members of nonprofit organizations in a wide variety of fields; as a text for graduate students in nonprofit finance; and as a source of ideas for researchers to continue to probe and illuminate the many subtle issues associated with finding the right mix of resources to support the essential work of nonprofit organizations in our society.

Nonprofits often struggle financially, overwhelmed by the need to muster a complex combination of income streams that range from grants and government funding to gifts-in-kind and volunteer labor. Financing Nonprofits draws upon a growing body of scholarship in economics and organizational theory to offer a conceptual framework for understanding this diverse mix of financing sources. By applying theory, readers can understand when a nonprofit organization should pursue particular sources of income and how it should manage its portfolio of income from different sources. Organized under the auspices of the National Center on Nonprofit Enterprise, Financing Nonprofits argues that those who would manage nonprofit organizations must first develop a conceptual framework through which they can understand the complicated and fast-paced landscape surrounding nonprofit decision-making. It offers a piece by piece analysis of the many potential components of nonprofit operating income, including a detailed study on how to accumulate the capital needed for major infrastructure projects or endowments and an examination of how to maintain a healthy investment profile once sufficient capital exists. By melding theory with practice, Young and the other contributors to Financing Nonprofits have created a volume that will serve as a practical guide to financing strategies for executive directors, CFOs, and board members of nonprofit organizations in a wide variety of fields; as a text for graduate students in nonprofit finance; and as a source of ideas for researchers to continue to probe and illuminate the many subtle issues associated with finding the right mix of resources to support the essential work of nonprofit organizations in our society.

Nonprofits often struggle financially, overwhelmed by the need to muster a complex combination of income streams that range from grants and government funding to gifts-in-kind and volunteer labor. Financing Nonprofits draws upon a growing body of scholarship in economics and organizational theory to offer a conceptual framework for understanding this diverse mix of financing sources. By applying theory, readers can understand when a nonprofit organization should pursue particular sources of income and how it should manage its portfolio of income from different sources. Organized under the auspices of the National Center on Nonprofit Enterprise, Financing Nonprofits argues that those who would manage nonprofit organizations must first develop a conceptual framework through which they can understand the complicated and fast-paced landscape surrounding nonprofit decision-making. It offers a piece by piece analysis of the many potential components of nonprofit operating income, including a detailed study on how to accumulate the capital needed for major infrastructure projects or endowments and an examination of how to maintain a healthy investment profile once sufficient capital exists. By melding theory with practice, Young and the other contributors to Financing Nonprofits have created a volume that will serve as a practical guide to financing strategies for executive directors, CFOs, and board members of nonprofit organizations in a wide variety of fields; as a text for graduate students in nonprofit finance; and as a source of ideas for researchers to continue to probe and illuminate the many subtle issues associated with finding the right mix of resources to support the essential work of nonprofit organizations in our society.

This timely book examines how nonprofits can prepare for and respond to serious threats, such as pandemics, economic recessions, terrorist attacks and other potentially catastrophic events. Reliant on donors, regulators, government funders and dedicated staff and volunteers, nonprofits are often vulnerable and unprepared to navigate such crises. Making a frank assessment of the risks these organizations face and how to enable them to become more resilient, Dennis Young and Elizabeth Searing develop multifaceted strategies involving balance sheets, cost and income structures, human resources, networks, technology, entrepreneurship, and information systems. Practical recommendations based on research are offered to managers for assessing risk and developing resilience strategies appropriate to their own organizations. The innovative use of templates for executive briefings, dashboards, and stress tests are included in a new management paradigm for building healthier and more effective nonprofit organizations for the future. The insights and tools on how to develop and manage resilient organizations makes this an excellent resource for nonprofit managers and trustees, foundations and government funders. Researchers, teachers, and students will also gain a greater understanding of how current research drives the resiliency paradigm and how to move research on nonprofit resilience forward.

This book comprises original case studies from a broad cross-section of nonprofits across the arts, social services, education, advocacy and philanthropy. Demonstrating how nonprofits can cope with crises, it provides readers with an opportunity to review real-world decisions and actions taken to adapt and respond to existential challenges. Key Features:31 original cases explore key financial, organizational and leadership themesPresents candid cases that highlight the struggle and survival of nonprofit organizationsAnalyzes strategies that bolster organizational resilience for managers, leaders, educators, funders and regulatorsIncludes critical questions at the end of each chapter for suggested lines of discussion, culminating in a key teaching toolTeachers of nonprofit management and leadership will gain valuable insights from the original material and ideas featured within each case study. Students focusing on business, leadership, entrepreneurship, nonprofits, and strategic management will additionally find this book to be an important resource for their professional and scholarly development.

This book comprises original case studies from a broad cross-section of nonprofits across the arts, social services, education, advocacy and philanthropy. Demonstrating how nonprofits can cope with crises, it provides readers with an opportunity to review real-world decisions and actions taken to adapt and respond to existential challenges.

Key Features:

31 original cases explore key financial, organizational and leadership themesPresents candid cases that highlight the struggle and survival of nonprofit organizationsAnalyzes strategies that bolster organizational resilience for managers, leaders, educators, funders and regulatorsIncludes critical questions at the end of each chapter for suggested lines of discussion, culminating in a key teaching tool

Teachers of nonprofit management and leadership will gain valuable insights from the original material and ideas featured within each case study. Students focusing on business, leadership, entrepreneurship, nonprofits, and strategic management will additionally find this book to be an important resource for their professional and scholarly development.

This book comprises original case studies from a broad cross-section of nonprofits across the arts, social services, education, advocacy and philanthropy. Demonstrating how nonprofits can cope with crises, it provides readers with an opportunity to review real-world decisions and actions taken to adapt and respond to existential challenges. Key Features:31 original cases explore key financial, organizational and leadership themesPresents candid cases that highlight the struggle and survival of nonprofit organizationsAnalyzes strategies that bolster organizational resilience for managers, leaders, educators, funders and regulatorsIncludes critical questions at the end of each chapter for suggested lines of discussion, culminating in a key teaching toolTeachers of nonprofit management and leadership will gain valuable insights from the original material and ideas featured within each case study. Students focusing on business, leadership, entrepreneurship, nonprofits, and strategic management will additionally find this book to be an important resource for their professional and scholarly development.

Benefits theory connects an organization's mission, the public and private benefits it produces, and the societal groups that it benefits, to an appropriate income mix. This book applies benefits theory to the financing of nonprofit and other social purpose organizations to guide managers and leaders towards finding the best mix of income sources for their organizations, to help educate future managers about resource development and to stimulate additional research on the financing of nonprofits and other forms of social enterprise. Individual chapters are devoted to organizations primarily reliant on earned income, gifts, government support and investment income, respectively, as well as to organizations that are well diversified in their sources of operating support. Each type of income, as well as mixed income portfolios are analyzed in depth. Detailed case studies of contemporary social purpose organizations are discussed throughout the book, and templates are provided to help leaders apply benefits theory to analyze the income opportunities and portfolios of their own organizations. Comprehensive and practitioner-friendly, this book is suitable not only for teaching graduate and undergraduate students in non-profit management, social enterprise, public administration and business management, but also for informing practicing managers, teachers and researchers, and funders of social purpose organizations.

Benefits theory connects an organization's mission, the public and private benefits it produces, and the societal groups that it benefits, to an appropriate income mix. This book applies benefits theory to the financing of nonprofit and other social purpose organizations to guide managers and leaders towards finding the best mix of income sources for their organizations, to help educate future managers about resource development and to stimulate additional research on the financing of nonprofits and other forms of social enterprise. Individual chapters are devoted to organizations primarily reliant on earned income, gifts, government support and investment income, respectively, as well as to organizations that are well diversified in their sources of operating support. Each type of income, as well as mixed income portfolios are analyzed in depth. Detailed case studies of contemporary social purpose organizations are discussed throughout the book, and templates are provided to help leaders apply benefits theory to analyze the income opportunities and portfolios of their own organizations. Comprehensive and practitioner-friendly, this book is suitable not only for teaching graduate and undergraduate students in non-profit management, social enterprise, public administration and business management, but also for informing practicing managers, teachers and researchers, and funders of social purpose organizations.

Benefits theory connects an organization''s mission, the public and private benefits it produces, and the societal groups that it benefits, to an appropriate income mix. This book applies benefits theory to the financing of nonprofit and other social purpose organizations to guide managers and leaders towards finding the best mix of income sources for their organizations, to help educate future managers about resource development and to stimulate additional research on the financing of nonprofits and other forms of social enterprise.

Individual chapters are devoted to organizations primarily reliant on earned income, gifts, government support and investment income, respectively, as well as to organizations that are well diversified in their sources of operating support. Each type of income, as well as mixed income portfolios are analyzed in depth. Detailed case studies of contemporary social purpose organizations are discussed throughout the book, and templates are provided to help leaders apply benefits theory to analyze the income opportunities and portfolios of their own organizations.

Comprehensive and practitioner-friendly, this book is suitable not only for teaching graduate and undergraduate students in non-profit management, social enterprise, public administration and business management, but also for informing practicing managers, teachers and researchers, and funders of social purpose organizations.

The Social Enterprise Zoo employs the metaphor of the zoo to gain a more comprehensive understanding of social enterprise: the diversity of its forms; the various ways it is organized in different socio-political environments; how different forms of enterprise behave, interact, and thrive; and what lessons can be drawn for the future development and study of organizations that seek to balance social or environmental impact with economic success. After setting the stage with a thorough introduction, top scholars explore the different ways that social enterprises can be classified, nurtured, and understood. The book not only details the legal forms utilized in social enterprise and the social entrepreneurs involved in them, but it also addresses the reasons for the success or failure of these activities and looks at the ecologies in which they operate. The “zookeepers,” such as governments and the regulatory regimes they establish, are compared and the important roles they play are examined. The volume concludes with a look at the future of social enterprise, providing suggestions for further research and implications for policy and practice. This innovative and accessible book is recommended for students, researchers, policymakers, entrepreneurs and managers of social purpose organizations.Contributors: F.O. Andersson, D. Brakman-Reiser, C.V. Brewer, F. Calo, J.A. Kerlin, J.D. Lecy, W. Longhofer, T. Monroe-White, E.A.M. Searing, J.-I. Soh, S. Teasdale, J.E. Tyler III, D.R. Young, S. Zook

The Social Enterprise Zoo employs the metaphor of the zoo to gain a more comprehensive understanding of social enterprise: the diversity of its forms; the various ways it is organized in different socio-political environments; how different forms of enterprise behave, interact, and thrive; and what lessons can be drawn for the future development and study of organizations that seek to balance social or environmental impact with economic success.

After setting the stage with a thorough introduction, top scholars explore the different ways that social enterprises can be classified, nurtured, and understood. The book not only details the legal forms utilized in social enterprise and the social entrepreneurs involved in them, but it also addresses the reasons for the success or failure of these activities and looks at the ecologies in which they operate. The “zookeepers,” such as governments and the regulatory regimes they establish, are compared and the important roles they play are examined. The volume concludes with a look at the future of social enterprise, providing suggestions for further research and implications for policy and practice.

This innovative and accessible book is recommended for students, researchers, policymakers, entrepreneurs and managers of social purpose organizations.

Contributors: F.O. Andersson, D. Brakman-Reiser, C.V. Brewer, F. Calo, J.A. Kerlin, J.D. Lecy, W. Longhofer, T. Monroe-White, E.A.M. Searing, J.-I. Soh, S. Teasdale, J.E. Tyler III, D.R. Young, S. Zook

The Social Enterprise Zoo employs the metaphor of the zoo to gain a more comprehensive understanding of social enterprise: the diversity of its forms; the various ways it is organized in different socio-political environments; how different forms of enterprise behave, interact, and thrive; and what lessons can be drawn for the future development and study of organizations that seek to balance social or environmental impact with economic success. After setting the stage with a thorough introduction, top scholars explore the different ways that social enterprises can be classified, nurtured, and understood. The book not only details the legal forms utilized in social enterprise and the social entrepreneurs involved in them, but it also addresses the reasons for the success or failure of these activities and looks at the ecologies in which they operate. The “zookeepers,” such as governments and the regulatory regimes they establish, are compared and the important roles they play are examined. The volume concludes with a look at the future of social enterprise, providing suggestions for further research and implications for policy and practice. This innovative and accessible book is recommended for students, researchers, policymakers, entrepreneurs and managers of social purpose organizations.Contributors: F.O. Andersson, D. Brakman-Reiser, C.V. Brewer, F. Calo, J.A. Kerlin, J.D. Lecy, W. Longhofer, T. Monroe-White, E.A.M. Searing, J.-I. Soh, S. Teasdale, J.E. Tyler III, D.R. Young, S. Zook

Nonprofit organizations are arguably the fastest growing and most dynamic part of modern market economies in democratic countries. This Handbook explores the frontiers of knowledge at the intersection of economics and the management of these entities. Top researchers in the field review the role, structure, and behavior of private, nonprofit organizations as economic units and their participation in markets and systems of public service delivery, assess the implications of this knowledge for the efficient management of nonprofit organizations and the formulation of effective public policy, and identify cutting-edge questions for future research.Building on the success of the first edition, this thoroughly revised and expanded edition explores: (1) areas of general agreement from previous research; (2) areas of conflicting results and unexplored questions; (3) the relative roles of theory, data availability, and empirical analysis in explaining gaps in our knowledge; and (4) what must be done to improve our knowledge and extend the literature. Selected original chapters addressing especially challenging topics include: the value of risk management to nonprofit decision-making; nonprofit wages theory and evidence; the valuation of volunteer labor; property tax exemption for non-profits; when is competition good for the third sector; product diversification and social enterprise; international perspectives; the application of experimental research; and the macroeconomic effects of the nonprofit sector.This book is a valuable resource for academics, but the concerns of nonprofit sector managers and decision-makers are also addressed, making it a useful reference for practitioners as well.Contributors include: S. Alaimo, J. Alm, N. Bania, J. Bergdoll, W. Bowman, E. Brown, T. Calabrese, C.F. Chang, G.L. Chikoto-Schultz, J.J. Cordes, K. Coventry, L. Faulk, M.F. Grace, F. Handy, T.D. Harrison, B.T. Hirsch, P. Hughes, R.A. Irvin, M. Jegers, L. Leete, W. Luksetich, D.A. Macpherson, L. Mook, D.G. Neely, S.M. Oster, A.E. Preston, J. Quarter, P. Rooney, R. Sansing, B.A. Seaman, E. Searing, D.L. Sjoquist, A. Slivinski, R. Steinberg, R. Stoycheva, D. Teles, D.Tinkelman, S. Toepler, E.C. Tortia, H.P. Tuckman, V. Valentinov, D.R. Young

Nonprofit organizations are arguably the fastest growing and most dynamic part of modern market economies in democratic countries. This Handbook explores the frontiers of knowledge at the intersection of economics and the management of these entities. Top researchers in the field review the role, structure, and behavior of private, nonprofit organizations as economic units and their participation in markets and systems of public service delivery, assess the implications of this knowledge for the efficient management of nonprofit organizations and the formulation of effective public policy, and identify cutting-edge questions for future research.

Building on the success of the first edition, this thoroughly revised and expanded edition explores: (1) areas of general agreement from previous research; (2) areas of conflicting results and unexplored questions; (3) the relative roles of theory, data availability, and empirical analysis in explaining gaps in our knowledge; and (4) what must be done to improve our knowledge and extend the literature. Selected original chapters addressing especially challenging topics include: the value of risk management to nonprofit decision-making; nonprofit wages theory and evidence; the valuation of volunteer labor; property tax exemption for non-profits; when is competition good for the third sector; product diversification and social enterprise; international perspectives; the application of experimental research; and the macroeconomic effects of the nonprofit sector.

This book is a valuable resource for academics, but the concerns of nonprofit sector managers and decision-makers are also addressed, making it a useful reference for practitioners as well.

Contributors include: S. Alaimo, J. Alm, N. Bania, J. Bergdoll, W. Bowman, E. Brown, T. Calabrese, C.F. Chang, G.L. Chikoto-Schultz, J.J. Cordes, K. Coventry, L. Faulk, M.F. Grace, F. Handy, T.D. Harrison, B.T. Hirsch, P. Hughes, R.A. Irvin, M. Jegers, L. Leete, W. Luksetich, D.A. Macpherson, L. Mook, D.G. Neely, S.M. Oster, A.E. Preston, J. Quarter, P. Rooney, R. Sansing, B.A. Seaman, E. Searing, D.L. Sjoquist, A. Slivinski, R. Steinberg, R. Stoycheva, D. Teles, D.Tinkelman, S. Toepler, E.C. Tortia, H.P. Tuckman, V. Valentinov, D.R. Young

Nonprofit organizations are arguably the fastest growing and most dynamic part of modern market economies in democratic countries. This Handbook explores the frontiers of knowledge at the intersection of economics and the management of these entities. Top researchers in the field review the role, structure, and behavior of private, nonprofit organizations as economic units and their participation in markets and systems of public service delivery, assess the implications of this knowledge for the efficient management of nonprofit organizations and the formulation of effective public policy, and identify cutting-edge questions for future research.Building on the success of the first edition, this thoroughly revised and expanded edition explores: (1) areas of general agreement from previous research; (2) areas of conflicting results and unexplored questions; (3) the relative roles of theory, data availability, and empirical analysis in explaining gaps in our knowledge; and (4) what must be done to improve our knowledge and extend the literature. Selected original chapters addressing especially challenging topics include: the value of risk management to nonprofit decision-making; nonprofit wages theory and evidence; the valuation of volunteer labor; property tax exemption for non-profits; when is competition good for the third sector; product diversification and social enterprise; international perspectives; the application of experimental research; and the macroeconomic effects of the nonprofit sector.This book is a valuable resource for academics, but the concerns of nonprofit sector managers and decision-makers are also addressed, making it a useful reference for practitioners as well.Contributors include: S. Alaimo, J. Alm, N. Bania, J. Bergdoll, W. Bowman, E. Brown, T. Calabrese, C.F. Chang, G.L. Chikoto-Schultz, J.J. Cordes, K. Coventry, L. Faulk, M.F. Grace, F. Handy, T.D. Harrison, B.T. Hirsch, P. Hughes, R.A. Irvin, M. Jegers, L. Leete, W. Luksetich, D.A. Macpherson, L. Mook, D.G. Neely, S.M. Oster, A.E. Preston, J. Quarter, P. Rooney, R. Sansing, B.A. Seaman, E. Searing, D.L. Sjoquist, A. Slivinski, R. Steinberg, R. Stoycheva, D. Teles, D.Tinkelman, S. Toepler, E.C. Tortia, H.P. Tuckman, V. Valentinov, D.R. Young

Economics for Nonprofit Managers and Social Entrepreneurs updates the world's first textbook in nonprofit economics, and shows how economics contributes to better managerial decisions on social matters. A pioneering textbook for nonprofit and social managers, this second edition adds risk analysis, game theory, and behavioral economics to the managerial tool kit, along with analysis at the margin, opportunity cost, elasticity of demand and supply, market power, and cost-benefit analysis, with numerous timely examples.This text is essential for nonprofit managers and social entrepreneurs, and of interest to all economics students.

Economics for Nonprofit Managers and Social Entrepreneurs updates the world''s first textbook in nonprofit economics, and shows how economics contributes to better managerial decisions on social matters.

A pioneering textbook for nonprofit and social managers, this second edition adds risk analysis, game theory, and behavioral economics to the managerial tool kit, along with analysis at the margin, opportunity cost, elasticity of demand and supply, market power, and cost-benefit analysis, with numerous timely examples.

This text is essential for nonprofit managers and social entrepreneurs, and of interest to all economics students.

Economics for Nonprofit Managers and Social Entrepreneurs updates the world's first textbook in nonprofit economics, and shows how economics contributes to better managerial decisions on social matters. A pioneering textbook for nonprofit and social managers, this second edition adds risk analysis, game theory, and behavioral economics to the managerial tool kit, along with analysis at the margin, opportunity cost, elasticity of demand and supply, market power, and cost-benefit analysis, with numerous timely examples.This text is essential for nonprofit managers and social entrepreneurs, and of interest to all economics students.

This timely book examines how nonprofits can prepare for and respond to serious threats, such as pandemics, economic recessions, terrorist attacks and other potentially catastrophic events. Reliant on donors, regulators, government funders and dedicated staff and volunteers, nonprofits are often vulnerable and unprepared to navigate such crises. Making a frank assessment of the risks these organizations face and how to enable them to become more resilient, Dennis Young and Elizabeth Searing develop multifaceted strategies involving balance sheets, cost and income structures, human resources, networks, technology, entrepreneurship, and information systems. Practical recommendations based on research are offered to managers for assessing risk and developing resilience strategies appropriate to their own organizations. The innovative use of templates for executive briefings, dashboards, and stress tests are included in a new management paradigm for building healthier and more effective nonprofit organizations for the future. The insights and tools on how to develop and manage resilient organizations makes this an excellent resource for nonprofit managers and trustees, foundations and government funders. Researchers, teachers, and students will also gain a greater understanding of how current research drives the resiliency paradigm and how to move research on nonprofit resilience forward.

This timely book examines how nonprofits can prepare for and respond to serious threats, such as pandemics, economic recessions, terrorist attacks and other potentially catastrophic events. Reliant on donors, regulators, government funders and dedicated staff and volunteers, nonprofits are often vulnerable and unprepared to navigate such crises.

Making a frank assessment of the risks these organizations face and how to enable them to become more resilient, Dennis Young and Elizabeth Searing develop multifaceted strategies involving balance sheets, cost and income structures, human resources, networks, technology, entrepreneurship, and information systems. Practical recommendations based on research are offered to managers for assessing risk and developing resilience strategies appropriate to their own organizations. The innovative use of templates for executive briefings, dashboards, and stress tests are included in a new management paradigm for building healthier and more effective nonprofit organizations for the future.

The insights and tools on how to develop and manage resilient organizations makes this an excellent resource for nonprofit managers and trustees, foundations and government funders. Researchers, teachers, and students will also gain a greater understanding of how current research drives the resiliency paradigm and how to move research on nonprofit resilience forward.