CIGRE Green Books – serie

This brochure offers numerical models of wind-induced aeolian vibrations and sub-span oscillations of the conductors. It highlights what can be expected from numerical models regarding conductor vibrations.Assessment of the aeolian vibration condition of particular lines, with conductors whose mechanical properties are poorly defined, or with special terrain conditions, may require field measurements;Analytical methods based on the EBP and shaker-based technology can provide a useful tool to design damping systems for the protection of single conductors against aeolian vibrationsThis work reports the state of the art for professionals regarding aeolian vibrations and subspan oscillations modelling.

This Green Book offers the outstanding expertise of CIGRE professionals about Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) in one concise handbook.  FACTS are used to enhance AC power networks, by providing fast control of power flows and AC voltage and AC phase angles. They can be used to defer the need for additional power lines, by controlling the power flow on lines to achieve maximum utilisation of the existing lines, and/or by improving the power quality, e.g. when large disturbing loads are connected to the network.  This Green Book on FACTS provides comprehensive information about  the use of Power Electronics for AC system control and for Power Quality Improvement in its over 1000 pages. This book has been written by experts in the field, who come from Transmission System Operators, Network owners, manufacturers, and consultants in this field. This Green Book on FACTS covers a large range of topics in its 6 sections, as follows: AC Systems Characteristics, AC network control using conventional means and AC network control using FACTS ControllersTechnical Descriptions of all current FACTS controllers, power electronic Topologies for FACTS, SVCs, STATCOM, TCSC and the UPFC and its variationsApplication Examples of all FACTS controllers, which include a description of controllers using saturation of iron as well as examples of all current FACTS controllersPlanning and Procurement, including economic appraisals and cost benefit analysis, planning studies, environmental considerations, functional specificationsImplementation of FACTS controllers, including integration and design studies, equipment design and testing and commissioningFACTS operation and lifetime management.

This CIGRE Green book on accessories for HV and EHV extruded cables covers relevant issues in cable system design, cable design, submarine cables including off shore generation connection.

An emergence of clusters of small, largely self-contained distribution networks, which include decentralized local generation, energy storage and active customer participation, intelligently managed so that they operate as active networks providing local active and reactive support.

An emergence of clusters of small, largely self-contained distribution networks, which include decentralized local generation, energy storage and active customer participation, intelligently managed so that they operate as active networks providing local active and reactive support.

This CIGRE Green book on accessories for HV and EHV extruded cables covers relevant issues in cable system design, cable design, and submarine cables, including offshore generation connection.

This Green Book provides those involved in transformer procurement with comprehensive guidance on industry best practice to avoid wrong decisions. Making the wrong decisions during the procurement process can have serious and long-lasting consequences.

This CIGRE Green Book describes the state-of-the-art of power Systems asset management dealing with all aspects asset management practice.

This book offers a comprehensive review of the various options for improving the performance of overhead power lines in winter conditions, taking into account both mechanical and electrical aspects.Experience within the CIGRE community reveals many strategies to protect overhead power lines from damage caused by heavy build-up of ice and snow or electrical issues such as insulator icing flashovers. The initial approach is to consider the predicted ice loads from the available databases. This is supplemented with some fundamental aspects of icing physics that affect accretion rate as well as factors in ice shedding on traditional (metal, ceramic) and novel treated surfaces. These ice physics concepts structure the ways to categorize and evaluate methods to reduce or prevent icing on conductors and ground wires or to prevent flashover of insulators.Many utilities in cold climate regions have developed and used methods and strategies to reduce ice loads using anti-icing(AI) and / or de-icing (DI) methods. In general, AI methods are used before or early during ice build-up, while DI methods are activated during and sometimes after ice build-up. The book describes and discusses some historical, operational, or potential AI / DI systems in the ice physics context. This supports a comprehensive review of AI coatings including concepts, relevant material properties, application methods, and finally test methods for characterizing the long-term performance.

This book offers a comprehensive review of the various options for improving the performance of overhead power lines in winter conditions, taking into account both mechanical and electrical aspects.Experience within the CIGRE community reveals many strategies to protect overhead power lines from damage caused by heavy build-up of ice and snow or electrical issues such as insulator icing flashovers. The initial approach is to consider the predicted ice loads from the available databases. This is supplemented with some fundamental aspects of icing physics that affect accretion rate as well as factors in ice shedding on traditional (metal, ceramic) and novel treated surfaces. These ice physics concepts structure the ways to categorize and evaluate methods to reduce or prevent icing on conductors and ground wires or to prevent flashover of insulators.Many utilities in cold climate regions have developed and used methods and strategies to reduce ice loads using anti-icing(AI) and / or de-icing (DI) methods. In general, AI methods are used before or early during ice build-up, while DI methods are activated during and sometimes after ice build-up. The book describes and discusses some historical, operational, or potential AI / DI systems in the ice physics context. This supports a comprehensive review of AI coatings including concepts, relevant material properties, application methods, and finally test methods for characterizing the long-term performance.

This book presents an overview of the operation of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and their role in enabling active distribution networks. It is based on the work of SC C6 carried out within its working groups in the past 5 years. Included are descriptions of DER assets, network systems, planning and operation, rural and off-grid systems and future prospects. Describing international developments and including several DER application examples, this book will provide a useful guide to researchers and practitioners interested in the subject.Readers who would like to comment on any of the published books or identify errors to the editorial team please contact: cigregreenbooks@springer.com.

This book offers a compact guide to IEC61850 systems, including wide-area implementation, as it has been applied to real substations worldwide. It utilises technical brochures and papers based on existing practice of IEC61850 systems that give stakeholders from different disciplines an understanding of systems in use, their features, how they are applied, and approach for implementation.The book offers a holistic practical view considering all relevant interfaces and possibilities. It includes the different applications, practical implementation considerations and choices made for IEC61850 PACS (Protection Automation & Control System) designs. Power system engineers, planners, technicians and researchers will find the book useful for exploring, developing and delivering these systems.This second edition of the book includes publication quality corrections. The technical content remains unaltered.

This book offers a compact guide to IEC61850 systems, including wide-area implementation, as it has been applied to real substations worldwide.

This book provides information about all stages of the life of an HVDC project, from identification of the need for an HVDC scheme, through to its final disposal.

This Green Book provides the design engineer with an understanding of the electrical parameters and methods required in designing compact AC and DC lines.

This Green Book provides the design engineer with an understanding of the electrical parameters and methods required in designing compact AC and DC lines.

This Green Book is an essential resource for power system engineers seeking comprehensive information on contemporary power system dynamic modelling and analysis.

This Green Book provides a comprehensive guide to transformer and reactor life management, from procurement to disposal. Transformers and reactors are among the most expensive components in the power system and contribute to a large proportion of its losses.

This handbook offers all aspects of Overhead Transmission Lines as the backbone of networks of electrical power. The content of the book includes, after a historical flash-back: Planning and management concepts, electrical and mechanical considerations, influences of the weather, and on the environment, detailed design of all line components, construction and maintenance aspects, line optimization, and asset management, as well as a comparison between overhead lines and underground cables.The book was written by more than 50 experts and assembled through the Cigré study committee on Overhead Lines. This guarantees valuable exchange and dissemination of unbiased information for technical but also non-technical audiences.

This CIGRE green book begins by addressing the specification and provision of communication services in the context of operational applications for electrical power utilities, before subsequently providing guidelines on the deployment or transformation of networks to deliver these specific communication services.

This handbook offers the whole knowledge of high voltage substations from their design and construction to the maintenance and the ongoing management, the entire asset life-cycle. The content of the book covers a range of substation topologies: Air-Insulated, Gas-Insulated and Mixed Technology Switchgear Substations together with the essential secondary systems. Additionally specialized substations such as ultra high voltage (UHV), offshore substations for wind power plants and the use of gas insulated lines are included.The book includes topics, providing information for increased reliability and availability, asset management, environmental management aspects, and the adoption of appropriate technological advances in equipment and systems in substations.The book was written by more than 30 experts from around the world and assembled through the Cigré study committee on Substations. This guarantees that the book contains information that is based on the global exchange and dissemination of unbiased information for technical and non-technical audiences.Although there are other works containing references to Substations, this book is designed to provide a complete overview of the topic in one book, providing a valuable reference for anyone interested in the topic.

This CIGRE Green Book provides the entire know-how about switches in a high voltage system.

This brochure offers numerical models of wind-induced aeolian vibrations and sub-span oscillations of the conductors. It highlights what can be expected from numerical models regarding conductor vibrations.Assessment of the aeolian vibration condition of particular lines, with conductors whose mechanical properties are poorly defined, or with special terrain conditions, may require field measurements;Analytical methods based on the EBP and shaker-based technology can provide a useful tool to design damping systems for the protection of single conductors against aeolian vibrationsThis work reports the state of the art for professionals regarding aeolian vibrations and subspan oscillations modelling.