International Studies in Economics and Econometrics – Serie
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52 produkter
52 produkter
Privatizing Eastern Europe
The Role of Markets and Ownership in the Transition
Inbunden, Engelska, 1992
1 202 kr
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With the revolutions in Eastern Europe since mid-1989, two main transformations are envisaged: pluralistic political democracy and a market economy based largely on private property and self-interest. One element that straddles those two objectives is what to do with state-owned property during the transition from a planned to a market environment. This work looks at the economic goals that may be pursued in various ways: by taking the state out of the allocation of the service streams of existing capital assets in general and state-owned enterprise in particular. It advocates the urgency of taking politics out of resource allocation. Since this cannot be done through divestment, particularly for large assets, it is imperative that alternatives be put in place at the earliest possible opportunity in the economic transformation. For petty assets (such housing, small shops, handicrafts and restaurants) quick divestment is desirable. For other assets, the principal agent problem will need to be taken care of by investing management with the task of acting in the interest of real owders.
1 062 kr
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The entire world was taken by suprise when 1990 brought an end to Soviet communism in Europe and thus a genuine end to World War II. The fact that these developments surprised not only the leaders and the people of the countries concerned, but also scholars is an extraordinary challenge to the students of Soviet-type economics. In the academic world, where predictive force is one of the key indicators of a successful theory, this weak performance calls into question the validity of earlier findings and interpretations. Something was wrong in the general framework. "Socialist Investment Cycles" offers an explanation of this failure. "Socialist Investment Cycles" is the first monograph in English on investment fluctuations in planned economies, a chapter in history. While providing a broad overview of the literature on socialist investment cycles, as well as a quantitative description of the actual processes, the author puts forth a new framework for understanding investment fluctuations. In this framework socialist planners were able to adjust the volume of investments without risking the fulfillment of politically more sensitive target variable."Socialist Investment Cycles" encompasses all 35 countries which were ruled by communism and penetrates deeply into the data problem, country by country, and series by series. "Socialist Investment Cycles" has been written after the collapse of Soviet-type communism in Eastern Europe, the USSR, and the countries of Asia and Africa. It thus offers a retrospective view on both the theory and practice of socialist economies.
1 202 kr
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1 637 kr
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The political revolutions since mid-1989 in the eastern part of Europe have ushered two ambitions into the purview of the new political leaders of most transition economies: pluralistic political democracy and a market economy based overwhelmingly on private property and self-interest, with a minimal role for the state. Whereas it may be appropriate to confine the state's role in economic affairs to the provision of public goods and ensuring property rights, once a fully-fledged market economy in these countries is functioning, the path leading up to fulfilling this ambition for now, will have to be steered by the state, provided governance capabilities can be mustered within these countries, and perhaps with international assistance. "Industrial Policy in Eastern Europe: Governing the Transition" argues the urgency of mobilizing whatever governance capabilities are available to steer the transformation processes towards positive growth, including through proper use of state-owned assets for as long as they cannot be privatized or fully transformed into parastatals, like in Western Europe.
Government and Markets
Establishing a Democratic Constitutional Order and a Market Economy in Former Socialist Countries
Inbunden, Engelska, 1994
1 637 kr
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This text examines the role of democratic governments during and after the transition from plan to market. The role of governments during the transformation is important for eliminating the obstacles and putting into place the conditions for the emergence of a viable market economy. Moreover, governments need to play a key role in establishing a political-legal order that promotes political liberties and economic freedom. In contrast to other literature on the transformation process in formerly planned systems, this volume focuses also on the creation of autonomous and accountable governments as part of the liberal economic order. Finally, the volume analyzes the role of the legal state in creating a competitive market economy. "Government and Markets" is aimed at scholars, politicians and policy-makers interested in the establishment of a democratic, competitive order in formerly planned political economic systems.
Output Decline in Eastern Europe
Unavoidable, External Influence or Homemade?
Inbunden, Engelska, 1995
1 202 kr
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The first phase of transition to a market economy in Central and Eastern Europe was characterized by a sharp decline in output. The fall in real GDP exceeded 20% while real industrial production even decreased by 40%. This text provides comprehensive multi-factor explanations for this unique and painful experience. Various hypotheses are analyzed: credit and fiscal policies may have been too tight; the collapse of the CMEA and the USSR came as a shock; domestic producers were neither experienced, nor flexible enough to adjust the output to new patterns of demand. It contains a combination of authors from East and West who have extensively analyzed new data based on national studies. If we can understand the causes of recent output decline then we can hope to assess the prospects for Eastern Europe. The book is intended for researchers and students as well as interested officials who deal with the transition of formerly centrally planned economies in Central and Eastern Europe.
1 062 kr
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This in-depth analysis of important European policy issues and official proposals will be examined at the European Union's (EU) 1996 Intergovernmental Conference (IGC). The author critically examines and makes his own proposals for long-term EU policies, notably Europe's international competitive position, agriculture, regional and social issues, and economic and monetary union, as well as the Community's future enlargement and foreign policy and defence issues. In comparing the governmental and European institutional proposals for the IGC, Coffey observes a common thread and differences between the different partners. Consequently he sees the evolution of a loose European Confederation with a nucleus of countries at the centre integrating more swiftly than others. A special feature of the book is the collection of documents (contained in the appendices) consisting of the official governmental and European institutional proposals for the IGC.
1 062 kr
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This text is a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the most important European policy issues and official proposals which will be examined at the European Union's (EU) 1996 Intergovernmental Conference (IGC). The author critically examines and makes his own proposals for long-term EU policies, notably Europe's international competitive position, agriculture, regional and social issues, an economic and monetary Union, as well as the Community's future enlargement and foreign policy and defense issues. In comparing the governmental and European institutional proposals for the IGC, Coffey observes a common thread and differences between the different partners. Consequently he sees the evolution of a loose European Confederation with a nucleus of countries at the centre integrating more swiftly than others. A feature of the book is the collection of documents (contained in the appendices) consisting of the official governmental and European institutional proposals for the IGC.
Privatization Process in East-Central Europe
Evolutionary Process of Czech Privatization
Inbunden, Engelska, 1996
1 637 kr
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Describing the evolution process of privatization in Central and Eastern Europe based on the experiences of the Czech Republic, this work argues that privatization is a critical complement to the standard International Monetary Fund restructuring and adjustment package (anti-inflationary macroeconomic policy, liberalization of prices, and foreign trade). The Czech experience is unique in its combination of mass and individual privatization, resulting in a rapid capital market evolution.
550 kr
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The purpose of this text is to redirect study of what are called comparative economic systems toward analysis of the development of institutions and the effects of alternative institutional arrangements on economic performance. To that end, the book internalizes into a theoretical framework looking at: the effects of alternative property rights on the costs of transactions and incentives structures; the effects of the costs of transactions and incentives on economic behaviour; and the evidence for refutable implications of those effects.
1 589 kr
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This book is a selection of papers presented at the Fourth Villa Colombella Seminar on the topic of the relationship between the preferences of citizens for public policies and how (or whether) these get expressed as political demands by interest groups, political parties and governments. "Preferences and Democracy" features contributions from prominent North American and European scholars with up-to-date commentary and surveys of standard topics, including probabilistic voting, the conver-gence of political parties, and redistribution. New topics are addressed, including how political institutions provide bridges between demand and supply; how the political process in a democracy sometimes "represses" political demand. "Preferences and Democracy" addresses the important issue of how the democratic political process succeeds or fails in facilitating the expression of the political demands of the people. The book is a vital reference for students and specialists in economics and political science.
Stabilization and Privatization in Poland
An Economic Evaluation of the Shock Therapy Program
Inbunden, Engelska, 1993
1 202 kr
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"Stabilization and Privatization: An Economic Evaluation of the Shock Therapy Program" is an account of Poland's economic transition since mid-1989. Monetary stabilization, trade liberalization (including convertibility) and privatization of state capital assets are discussed. Sources of economic recession which have accompanied the post-1989 transition are analyzed. The role of demand-side factors (i.e. monetary contraction) is weighed against that of supply-side factors (i.e. credit availability). The prevailing view is that the recession has been supply-type rather than demand-type. Economic performance has been impacted by the lack of a proper institutional framework (e.g. a segmented banking sector, diluted property rights). Arguments in favour of evolutionary reforms and market enhancing measures are presented. "Stabilization and Privatization" examines the main components of Poland's shock therapy program implemented in 1990. Post-shock recession, lasting at least through 1992, is examined to establish whether a sharp decline in output was caused by excessive demand contraction or lack of accommodating credit policies.The merits of an evolutionary approach and a more proactive state are debated.
1 637 kr
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The European Union faces a double dilemma - deepening versus widening. Broadening the Union toward the countries of Eastern Europe poses unprecedented economic, political, social, security, and other problems. The Union can hope to deal with them only if a successful revision of the Maastricht Treaty can be negotiated by the end of 1997. Even then, however, bringing the economies in transition into the Union cannot be taken to be a straightforward matter at all. Apart from the budgetary implications of Eastern accessions, a case can be made that the transition economies individually and as a group are not likely to be able to discharge the obligations of membership and profit from the core benefit of the single market at any time in the near future, certainly not by the year 2000. This volume traces the policy dilemmas facing the Union, the topics around which the 1996 Intergovernmental Conference has been crystallizing, the policy dilemmas of monetary union, the lessons to be drawn from assisting the transition economies, the core issues of accession negotiations, and the adoption of a pre-accession strategy in the interest of the potential members as well as the present Union.It is also argued that, in the process, the assistance efforts to economics in transition that cannot join any time soon or others that will not join should be modulated in the same spirit in order to better reflect the interests of the Union.
1 637 kr
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Bringing the eastern European economies in transition (defined more precisely in the Introduction) under the economic, political, and secu rity umbrella of the European Union (ED) has been an ambition of many of these countries from the very start of the so-called annus mirabilis in 1989. The road to gratification of this aspiration since then has been rather bumpy, however one wants to look at recent events. Indeed, since 1989 the relationship between the EU and the economies in transition has been ebbing and flowing with the evolution of two main strands of policy stances in the EU. One has been deep skepticism about bringing these countries into the Union at all in any foreseeable future. This in spite of the fact that, after long hesitation, in mid 1993 the EU Member States committed themselves eventually to explore accession with selected transition economies, as well as Cyprus and Malta. The other has been their evolving attitude toward their own integration endeavors. Hence the dilemmas, in the EU's parlance, of the "deepening versus widening" conundrum. That indeed constitutes the paramount issue addressed in the present investigation.
Privatization Process in East-Central Europe
Evolutionary Process of Czech Privatization
Häftad, Engelska, 2012
1 589 kr
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It is beyond any doubt that East-Central European countries such as Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia has dramatically changed its shape through its radical transition from centrally planned to the market economies in last 7 years. Many economists divide the process of economic transformation into areas of Stabilization, Liberalization, and Privatization/Restructuring. The traditional view is that stabilization and liberalization can be achieved rather quickly-by balancing budgets, balance of payments, tightening money supply, freeing prices and liberalizing trade-but that the area of privatization is one that could be moved to the future and will require much more time. Until 1991, none of the post-communist nations except former East Germany (which had a large decree of support from West Germany) had succeeded in privatizing large numbers of enterprises, even though more than two years had passed since the changes in government in these nations. The privatization has been, however, seen as an extremely important part of reform package together with stabilization and liberalization especially in the Czech Republic from the very beginning. The Czechs originally as a part of the Czechoslovak Federal Republic embarked on an unprecedented path that should have lead not only to stabilization and liberalization, but also to very rapid, mass privatization of its sector of large enterprises that have dominated its economy to an extreme extent.
1 094 kr
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1 094 kr
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Three different lines of approach have contributed to the theory of optimal planning. One approach considers the problem from the view-point of a national government and its adviser, the econometrician planning speci alist. The government can, if this is thought to be desirable, stimulate investment in certain directions and discourage other economic activities. By various fiscal devices, it can influence both the total level and the distribution of investment funds over different sectors of production. Also, in many countries, a public agency plays some kind of coordinat ing role in the formulation of long-term plans for output by the enter prises sector; this may range from administrative direction in so-called centrally planned economies, to persuasion and advice in 'capitalist' economies. Accordingly, the public planner wishes to know what dis tribution of the nation's resources would be 'optimal'. This leads to the construction of various models which may be described under the general heading 'input-output type models'. This type of model has been largely developed by practitioners, among whom Sandee [B2] is probably the most outstanding and the earliest. A later, well-developed example of a model based on this approach is, for example, the Czech model by Cerny et al. [Bl]. A second approach considers the problem from the point of view of the private entrepreneur and his adviser, the manager and financial accountant.
Del 7 - International Studies in Economics and Econometrics
Private Foreign Investment in Developing Countries
A Quantitative Study on the Evaluation of the Macro-Economic Effects
Häftad, Engelska, 1974
550 kr
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This study is the result of research undertaken by the Netherlands Economic Institute, Division Balanced International Growth, Rotterdam, under the auspices of the O.E.C.D. Development Centre. In the division of labour agreed with professor Grant L. Reuber, who directed a parallel study under the auspices of the Centre' , the N.E.I. research deals with the evaluation of economic effects of private foreign investment in developing countries. The effects studied are confined to macro-economic effects which are quantifi able. The lack of a satisfactory methodology for the assessment of these effects seemed to justify this limitation in the approach to the evaluation of private foreign investment. The study is organized as follows. Part I reviews briefly and critically the literature about the evaluation of private foreign investment and suggests the need for an appropriate macro-economic methodology. Part II develops the principles and techniques for such a methodology which is applied empirical ly to data for five developing countries in Part III. While Parts II and III are concerned with the effects of aggregated volumes of private foreign invest of the previous parts, the appraisal of ment, Part IV considers, independently projects financed through foreign investment and discusses the special fea tures of social benefit-cost analysis of such projects.
Del 8 - International Studies in Economics and Econometrics
Economic Planning Studies
A Collection of Essays
Häftad, Engelska, 1980
550 kr
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It is probably true, as the editor of these essays and studies by Ragnar Frisch points out, that the majority of economists are not well aware of the contributions made to their discipline by Frisch. This certainly does not apply, however, to econometricians. In fact, Frisch was one of the founding fathers of the Econometric Society and, for the first decade of its existence, its recognized leader in Europe. The annual European meetings were inspired by his enthusiasm, his unprecedented didactic talents and his amazingly diversified contributions. It is also clear that those members of the Swedish Academy of Sciences who selected candidates for the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science, were fully aware of Ragnar Frisch's pathbreaking work when they decided to award him that famous Prize. While much of Frisch's earlier work has been published, in his later years of activity he harqly took the time to shape the results of his work in an optimal way for wider circulation. Although an impressively lucid writer, he evidently gave priority to solu tions of some of the planning problems he was involved in rather than to formulating them in the characteristically crystal-clear and well-structured expositions of earlier years. I very much welcome, therefore, Dr Long's initiative to make available to a wider public within the profession some of the few texts Frisch himself produced, probably under pressure from his immediate friends and col leagues.
1 094 kr
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The growing disparity between the developed and the developing countries has once again rekindled the debate about the relative merits of foreign investment as means whereby the developed countries can help the devel oping countries in both achieving a reasonable rate of growth and also from preventing the widening gap between the North and the South from widening even further. This renewed interest in the debate was most sharply highlighted at the recently concluded North-South economic summit conference at Cancun, Mexico. There, the United States took the position that massive increases in foreign aid were neither practical nor the best means of ensuring continuing and satisfactory growth in the developing countries. Rather the solution was to be found in depending on a free market economy and on inflows of private foreign investment. Behind these views, of course lie the more fundamental questions: for example, what should be the role of multinational corporations in the developing countries since they constitute the main source of foreign private investment? Should there be greater cooperation between the public sectors of the North and the South? What is the best means of bridging the economic gap between the North and the South: through direct transfers of wealth from the North to the South or through raising South's growth rates via the transfer of technology and the inflow of investment by multinationals? These questions are of fundamental importance and have wide ranging implications, not only for the economic
Government and Markets
Establishing a Democratic Constitutional Order and a Market Economy in Former Socialist Countries
Häftad, Engelska, 2010
1 589 kr
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Government and Markets is the first book to tackle systematically and in a multidisciplinary fashion the role of democratic governments during and after the transition from plan to market.
Del 10 - International Studies in Economics and Econometrics
Imports and Economic Growth
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
550 kr
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The research for this project was carried out while the author was at the staff of the Economics Faculty of Erasmus University Rotterdam. The core results were recorded in discussion papers 7821/G, 7901/G, 7910/G and 8002/G of the faculty's Institute for Economic Research. Working on the project I incurred considerable debts to some professors and fellow staff members of the faculty. Professor P. J. Verdoorn initiated this study by suggesting its subject and by encouraging me to turn my initially hesitantly held view of imports as 'indispensable' inputs into the cornerstone of the analysis; he also read the final manuscript. Professor H. C. Bos' enthusiastic encouragement greatly stimulated me in the arduous phase of the writing of the manuscript; his advise on style and emphasis considerably improved the presentation while his careful reading of the various versions of the manuscript eliminated many non sequiturs and some errors. I am deeply in debt to A. S. W. de Vries who scrutinized not only the manuscript but also the preliminary discussion papers; while sharing an office room with him for six years I had the benefit of many stimulating discussions and he equanimously put up with my moods when I was stuck at some point. I am also in debt to D. P. Broer for checking and improving the optimal control theorem in chapter 7; to Professor R. Harkema for inducing me to write sections 5. 1 and 5.
1 094 kr
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The growing disparity between the developed and the developing countries has once again rekindled the debate about the relative merits of foreign investment as means whereby the developed countries can help the devel oping countries in both achieving a reasonable rate of growth and also from preventing the widening gap between the North and the South from widening even further. This renewed interest in the debate was most sharply highlighted at the recently concluded North-South economic summit conference at Cancun, Mexico. There, the United States took the position that massive increases in foreign aid were neither practical nor the best means of ensuring continuing and satisfactory growth in the developing countries. Rather the solution was to be found in depending on a free market economy and on inflows of private foreign investment. Behind these views, of course lie the more fundamental questions: for example, what should be the role of multinational corporations in the developing countries since they constitute the main source of foreign private investment? Should there be greater cooperation between the public sectors of the North and the South? What is the best means of bridging the economic gap between the North and the South: through direct transfers of wealth from the North to the South or through raising South's growth rates via the transfer of technology and the inflow of investment by multinationals? These questions are of fundamental importance and have wide ranging implications, not only for the economic
Del 6 - International Studies in Economics and Econometrics
Selection of Models by Forecasting Intervals
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
550 kr
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1 062 kr
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Three different lines of approach have contributed to the theory of optimal planning. One approach considers the problem from the view-point of a national government and its adviser, the econometrician planning speci alist. The government can, if this is thought to be desirable, stimulate investment in certain directions and discourage other economic activities. By various fiscal devices, it can influence both the total level and the distribution of investment funds over different sectors of production. Also, in many countries, a public agency plays some kind of coordinat ing role in the formulation of long-term plans for output by the enter prises sector; this may range from administrative direction in so-called centrally planned economies, to persuasion and advice in 'capitalist' economies. Accordingly, the public planner wishes to know what dis tribution of the nation's resources would be 'optimal'. This leads to the construction of various models which may be described under the general heading 'input-output type models'. This type of model has been largely developed by practitioners, among whom Sandee [B2] is probably the most outstanding and the earliest. A later, well-developed example of a model based on this approach is, for example, the Czech model by Cerny et al. [Bl]. A second approach considers the problem from the point of view of the private entrepreneur and his adviser, the manager and financial accountant.
Del 2 - International Studies in Economics and Econometrics
Forecasting Models for National Economic Planning
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
534 kr
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This book is about the specification of linear econometric models, and for this reason some important related fields have been deliberately omitted. I did not want to discuss the problems of parameter-estimation, at least not in any detail, as there are other books on these problems written by specialized statisticians. This book is about the models them selves and macro-economic models in particular. A second related sub ject is the policy decision that can be made with the help of a model. While I did write a chapter on policy decisions, I limited myself to some extent because of my views on planning as such. The logical approach to this problem is in terms of mathematical programming, but our models and our ideas about the policies we want are too crude for its effective utilisation. A realistic formulation of the problem should involve non linearities in an essential way, the models I consider (and most existing models) are linear. At the present state of econometrics, I do not really believe in such a thing as the 'optimal' plan. The possible result of bad planning or no planning at all, for instance massive unemployment, sudden financial crises, unused capital equipment, or the production of unsalable goods is agreed to be undesirable. Programming methods may of course be needed, if only for having a systematic algorithm to find a solution that avoids this kind of 'obvious' non-optimality. However, the main emphasis is on forecasting models.
Del 1 - International Studies in Economics and Econometrics
Introduction to Mathematical Models in Market and Opinion Research
With Practical Applications, Computing Procedures, and Estimates of Computing Requirements
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
550 kr
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In the introduction to his book Dr. Harder has very clearly described its purpose and organization. I only want to add for the English-speaking reader a few words on the place the present text is likely to have in the cur rent literature. At first Dr. Harder's undertaking might come as a surprise. Only a few years ago, Zeisel's Say it with Figures gave the market research practi tioner some ideas of how simple figures and tables could be successfully employed; Langhoff's publication for the American Marketing Associa tion presented some pertinent mathematical models in the most elemen tary form; why should a German author believe he can already introduce us to serious mathematical procedures for use in product management and advertising? After reading the book, incredulity turns into pleasure because of the skill with which the author has pursued his task. As a matter of fact, the book can serve two audiences who at first glance might appear to have quite opposing interests. For the mathematically trained market re searcher, the book has the marked advantage of combining a variety of ap proaches not ordinarily mixed in one volume. If the market researcher be gan as an economist he is already familiar with difference equations and time series analysis; if he moved in from psychology, he is already ac quainted with factor analysis. But as he reads this book, he finds the two worlds well integrated.
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The first phase of transition to a market economy in Central and Eastern Europe was characterized by a sharp output decline. The fall in real GDP exceeded 20% while real industrial production decreased even by 40%. Output Decline in Eastern Europe aims at providing comprehensive, multi-factor explanations for this unique, painful experience. Various hypotheses are analyzed: credit and fiscal policies may have been too tight; the collapse of the CMEA and the USSR came as a shock; domestic producers were neither experienced, nor flexible enough to adjust the output to new patterns of demand. Output Decline in Eastern Europe contains a unique combination of authors from East and West who extensively analyze new data based on country studies. Understanding the causes of recent output decline, the subject matter of this volume may help to assess the prospects for Eastern Europe. The book is addressed to researchers and students as well as interested officials who deal with the transition of formerly centrally planned economies in Central and Eastern Europe.
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This volume in essence continues my recent contributions towards building up a better understanding of the wide range of obstacles besetting the transitions away from administrative planning in the former communist regimes in the eastern part of Europe. It is self-contained, however. As such, it specifically addresses issues revolving around how best to govern economies, and indeed societies more generally, that are undergoing fundamental structural transfor mation, and whether industrial policy can facilitate progressing with the vexing transformations that will have to be enacted over a protracted period of time. Because of the bewildering variety of hindrances that the managers of the transition have been confronted with, many of which were not even contem plated when the programs were first designed, regaining a measure of good governance, including notably good economic governance, is critical in formu lating a positive pOlitical economy of transition. Arguably most critical is steering the processes of destruction and creation-not 'creative destruction' in the Schumpeterian sense. In some cases, this requires reallocating decom missioned resources, both capital and labor, to new activities. Changing rules on the utilization of existing assets is evidently at the core of what the transi tion towards market-based economic systems should be all about Very often, however, this requires establishing new economic activities from domestic and foreign savings.
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Main Economic Policy Areas of the EC: After 1992 is a completely rewritten version of past editions. It examines successes and problems associated with the EC's main economic policy areas and makes proposals for the future. For the first time, a chapter on the very important policy area of transport is included.This volume is an indispensable course book and handbook for all individuals interested in the European Community's main policy areas at the beginning of the coming into effect of the Single European Market.