Research on Managing Groups and Teams - Böcker

This book comprises the work of scholars who gathered in May, 1998, at a conference held at Stanford University's Graduate School of Business Administration. The conference was part of an ongoing series presenting cutting edge research on teams. Presented first, are those articles that address particular macro aspects of team context and their influences on team process and effectiveness and ultimately their effectiveness as performing units. The following chapters address: how the organizational context shapes the timing of behavior in teams; process outcome and the effects of organizational performance on top management teams; group process and the nature of contextual features; and, conditions under which working teams actively manage their external environments and consequences of those actions. The work concludes with an overview of the multiple ways that contexts affect and are affected by group behavior, helping the reader to organize and to extend their understanding of contextual phenomena.

This third volume in the series presents research on technology as either a tool or context for groups and teams. The volume is more broad than some other treatments of technology and groups. Thirteen chapters by leaders from both organizational behavior and information technology present management issues from two critical perspectives: groups and teams in evolving high-tech contexts (e.g., high precision manufacturing, computer virus assessment, space shuttle mission control, minimally invasive cardiac surgery); and leading edge research on technology for communication and knowledge management within groups and teams. The latter including research on virtual teams, adaptive structuration theory, conflict management, and the management of status and deception in electronic mail. Each chapter presents a unique view of groups and teams in modern organizational environments. Readers in the fields of management, organizational behavior, management information systems, information technology, social psychology, technology management and engineering will find useful results and interpretations for both research and practice. The summary chapter by Professor Linda Argote provides an integration and starting point for future assessments of technology, groups, and teams.

The papers in this volume were presented in May 2000, at a conference held at Stanford University's Graduate School of Business. The purpose of the conference was to explore individual motivation and sensemaking in the context of group membership. This volume presents the papers discussed at that conference, and brings attention to the problem of understanding how group members understand their own experience in their groups. In creating both individual and shared understandings of group membership, group members reflect on their participation in the group, the group process, group outcomes, the group itself, and the organization in which the group is embedded. The papers in this volume address a variety of topics including the use of methods from phenomenological psychology; how individuals choose which groups to join, and how they develop a sense that they belong to one or another group; groups' orientations toward learning, pacing, and time; and familiarity, trust, perspective taking, and intergroup relations. The research presented in these papers employs diverse methods including qualitative field studies, laboratory experiments, and the use of archival data. Some of the papers presented here are more directly phenomenological than others. Even the chapters whose methods are furthest from a typical phenomenological approach, however, provide interesting insights into how individuals experience and make sense of group membership.

This fifth volume of "Research on Managing Groups and Teams" focuses on the relationship between identity issues and individual and group functioning. Identity issues encompass a wide range of phenomena involving the individual identities people bring to the groups they join, individuals' level of identification with particular groups they join, and the collective identities of specific groups or organizations. The authors in this volume take full advantage of the broad scope of identity-related phenomena, pushing our thinking about the interplay between identity and groups in new and exciting directions. In doing so, they make inroads into seemingly intractable practical problems with groups by understanding how these difficulties are rooted in the identities people strivve to create and maintian. This book should be of interest to social scientists from all domains who are interested in how identity issues influence the performance of individuals, groups and organizations.

Human experience can only be understood across the landscape of time. Yet organizational and groups research has traditionally paid little attention to time as a construct. Over the last 15 years, several authors have begun to study different aspects of group temporality, but these contributions have been published in disparate books and journals. As a result, no integrated set of readings or unified perspectives has emerged, and little research impact has been realized. The goal of this volume is to consolidate, integrate, and build upon existing research to create a framework for studying group temporality. The book approaches group temporality through four lenses: 1. The study of how group processes, such as relationship and trust building, information exchange, consensus building and performance, evolve over time 2.The study of how group members internally synchronize their activities over time and align them to meet the temporal demands of a group's constituents 3. The study of how time pressure affects members' cognitive functioning, interactions, and task performance 4. The study of how organizational context directs the nature of group temporality - both enhancing and impeding group flow. Together, the twelve chapters, authored by 27 leading groups scholars, lead the way in solidifying current understanding and highlighting critical new research directions

This seventh volume of "Research on Managing Groups and Teams" examines the effects of status on individuals and groups. At the most basic level status describes the rank of individuals or groups within a specified context. It refers to the prestige hierarchy which determines, which individuals or groups are afforded honor and respect and are, consequently, given opportunities to influence outcomes. The authors in this volume consider both the role of status within groups and how the status of groups within their larger context affects members and overall group effectiveness. Consequently, the works presented here consider the relationship between the status of individuals and groups, the treatment they receive, and their participation within their immediate environment; the link between exhibited behaviors and status conferral; and the emergence and effects of status rivalries within and across groups, including challenges to existing status hierarchies. This book will be of particular interest to individuals interested in understanding the effects of status on individuals and the groups and organizations in which they are embedded.

The eighth volume on "Managing Groups in Teams" focuses on the forces that perpetuate or mitigate unethical behavior in groups. Group-based interactions, in comparison to individual interactions, pose unique challenges: the salient dimensions in the external environment can be different, within-group processes must be considered, and decision-making needs to be analyzed within a group-based context. The authors in this volume reflect on these forces and their role in unethical behavior. In the external environment, legal and ethical standards, sanctioning systems, the strategic fracturing of knowledge within organizations, and the communication medium used in virtual teams are identified as important influences on unethical behavior in group settings. Within the group, it is argued that certain processes such as social cohesion, group-level envy, and the intersection of self-interest and social identity are influential in ethical dilemmas. And, at the decision-making level, an examination of ethical decision-making within groups suggests that perspective taking by individual members, the felt pressure to avoid in-group favoritism by minorities, and intergenerational decisions must be taken into account. Together, these articles underscore the importance of considering the role that groups play in unethical behavior and are an essential source of information for those who wish to understand how unethical decisions are perpetuated within groups and organizations.

This volume is based on the premise that in an era of rapid globalization, while there is a great deal of convergence on many aspects of group processes and interactions across national cultures, it is the understanding and appreciation of the divergence among people of different national cultural backgrounds that make all the difference. Contributors to this volume address two broad important questions: Do our theories of groups and teams functioning apply universally? And how do our theories apply, if at all, in multicultural settings? In addition, this volume highlights new exciting topics in the cross-cultural area: power, time, creativity, emotions, networks, and multi-cultural diversity. Together, the chapters attest to the fact that study of national culture is flourishing and important. It not only informs but also modifies and enriches theories and research of group processes and social behavior. The collective effort in this book should stimulate further inquiry regarding the role of national culture in the increasingly globalized human experience. This book features an international representation. It addresses a variety of group processes. It investigates group processes in a multi-cultural environment (i.e., a global company).

Affective phenomena permeate group life. When individuals work together in groups, feelings of pride, fear, hope, anger, and anxiety constantly emerge and have a profound influence on group member behavior. The experience and expression of moods and emotions shape whether group members form close bonds with one another, how they negotiate roles and status differences, resolve their conflicts, make decisions, and ultimately whether they accomplish their collective goals. After a long history of focusing on cognitive and behavioral processes, group researchers are beginning to take more seriously the role of affective phenomena. This tenth volume of "Research on Managing Groups and Teams" brings together some of the top researchers studying the interplay of groups and affect. The works presented examine how groups influence individual members emotional experiences; in turn, how a groups success depends on the emotions and emotional capabilities of its members; how moods and emotions mediate the effects of demographic diversity in groups, the emergence of intra-group conflict, and the attachment individuals feel to their groups; and, how emotions foster divisions between groups, organizations, or even societies. This book is of interest to anyone seeking to better understand group dynamics, the social nature of moods and emotions, or the ways in which affective phenomena can be leveraged to increase human performance and productivity. This book series is available electronically at website.

Concerns about justice and fairness are ubiquitous within and between communities, social groups, organizations and states. People are concerned with the fairness of how decisions are made, how outcomes are allocated between and within groups, and how they are treated by authorities. This volume introduces cutting-edge justice theorizing and research at the intersection of justice and groups. Contributors to this volume explore topics such as: how group members come to have a shared understanding of the level of fairness within their group (i.e., justice climate), how social emotions influence justice judgments, the relationships between trust, respect, fairness, and group-serving behavior, resource allocation, reactions to injustice, appropriate ways to restore justice following transgressions, and perceptions of and remedies for intergroup inequality. "The Fairness and Groups" volume in the "Research on Managing Groups and Teams" series will be of interest to students and scholars in psychology, sociology, law and organizational behavior.

Negotiation is a process that permeates our everyday lives. From international conflicts to corporate mergers, from labor contracts to distribution agreements, and from one-time job offers to the day-to-day of relationships, negotiation is one of the most common ways to reach agreement on disputed issues and resources. Though negotiation is challenging in the simplest of circumstances, a group context can make it even more complex: groups negotiating with other groups may argue among themselves; factions and coalitions may develop, leading to side deals or the obstruction of deals in progress; and, the interests and preferences of all parties become much harder to identify, much less satisfy. In this fourteenth volume of the "Research on Managing Groups and Teams" series, nine chapters examine the particular challenges, opportunities, and dynamics that confront groups engaged in negotiation. The volume will be of particular interest to readers and scholars from management, psychology, sociology, communications, law, political science, and public policy.

This fifteenth volume reviews the current status of many of the major themes that this series has explored. In each chapter, we challenged the authors to provide a succinct review of a particular area while maintaining the culture of this series by suggesting new directions and interesting questions to pursue. The authors, many of whom were thematic editors as young assistant professors, responded with explorations in the areas of Dynamics within Groups, Leadership, Micropolitics, Power, Ethics, Conflict, Political Correctness, Diversity, Group Learning, Technology, Engagement, Time Pressure, Culture, and Intergroup Processes - all reflecting the unique take on these topics within the context of groups and teams.

The latest volume of Research in Managing Groups and Teams focuses on multiteam systems (MTSs), or systems of interdependent teams working toward a shared goal. MTSs have become a growing area of interest in organizational research, primarily due to their growing prominence in organizational settings. However, while MTS implementation is rampant in the field, the majority of research to date has been conducted in laboratory settings, which may not always effectively address the rapidly changing needs of field MTSs. This book brings current, real world MTS issues and problems to the forefront while highlighting existing research across disciplines which may help to address these issues. The volume takes a unique approach in addressing the practical and research needs of understanding multiteam systems by highlighting real world issues via case studies presented by practitioners. Themes highlighted in terms of both practical issues and future research needs include the development and composition of MTSs, critical processes such as leadership and communication, and outcomes of both successful and unsuccessful MTSs.

This volume will document the state-of the-science (and practice) on what contributes to effective team cohesion in complex teams. The volume will contain recent developments on theory-building, methodology and the practice of team cohesion.

This volume addresses the need to focus on temporal adaptations of teams. Modern organizations have been relying on teams more often to cope with the changing economic and technological climate. An increase in the use of teams has led to more team research throughout the fields of cognitive science, human factors, organizational psychology, assessment, and behavioral science. How teams grow and change is important for their performance and their members’ satisfaction with their work; therefore, the attention that this book lends to teams’ temporal factors is much deserved. Editors Eduardo Salas, Lauren B. Landon and William B. Vessey have gathered some of the best and brightest team researchers to contribute to this book. The various chapters offer readers background information, temporal measurement tools, and implications for research and practice. The book covers such interesting perspectives as team leadership, trust, cultural implications, and temporal implications in long-duration, extreme situations, including space exploration. This book serves as a resource to researchers who study teams, managers who lead teams, and those who work in teams.

This volume presents multidisciplinary perspectives from leading scholars in the science of teams and intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) on research needed to advance the state of the art of team ITSs. Our esteemed authors provide lessons learned to guide future research that will produce the technical capabilities needed to support team skills development. The introduction by Drs. Robert Sottilare and Eduardo Salas, who are leaders in the field of ITSs and team science, discusses the challenges and approaches to building ITSs for teams. The volume’s first section introduces concepts for understanding team training such as team task analysis, team macrocognition, measurement strategies for dynamic processes, and effective team training methods to provide insights into ITS design. Section two presents recent advances in team assessment and feedback through unobtrusive assessments, modeling dynamic team interactions, neurodynamic scaffolding, and collaborative tutoring strategies. In the Volume’s third section authors discuss lessons learned from past research, provide a discourse on the five disciplinary perspectives of engineering, learning sciences, team research, data analysis, and human computer interaction to create a framework for guiding team ITS developers, and examine the team ITS requirements for long term space travel. The final chapter summarizes and integrates lessons learned and provides recommendations for future research and development.

The current wave of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has seemingly reached a tipping point where it is having a real and perceived impact on work and education. The societal impact of the development, use, and recovery from AI is growing, be it from the increase in energy required to create and maintain AIs, the psychological cost of creation, or bias being built into algorithms.In this exciting and dynamic time, AI in Teams engages various disciplines in a conversation of how AI is affecting teamwork, as a tool, as a teammate, or both. Leading scholars on AI and teams whose research has explicit implications for how we should grapple with AI for productive, satisfying, and ethical teamwork, provide chapters discussing the various aspects of this problem. Authors draw on expertise from psychology and management, but also from computer science, communication, sociology, and information science. This work is valuable for team scholars who want to engage in learning about the possible impacts of AI, and AI scholars who want to learn about how AI can exist within teams.The Research on Managing Groups and Teams series provides a forum for truly novel ideas and emerging lines of inquiry across many group-related topics. Its multidisciplinary approach invites both contributors and readers from across the social sciences - from management to psychology to sociology to communications, and more - allowing for a broad-based conversation not limited to one or two disciplinary norms or perspectives.

Groups and teams are the backbone of modern organizations and the driving force behind innovation. Employees come together to pool their efforts, join forces, develop creative ideas, and make decisions in one key social context: the workplace meeting. This volume presents novel perspectives and state-of-the art research insights into the management of meetings in the workplace. Managing Meetings in Organizations sheds light on key trends with regards to the changing nature of work and highlights how these trends map on to new challenges for managing effective meetings. The twelve chapters that compose this volume cover four overarching topics: conceptual foundations, the intersection of individual and team processes, diversity and gender, and leadership and strategy in and through meetings. The international team of contributors includes authors from industrial and organizational psychology, management, organizational behaviour, and evolutionary psychology. By establishing that meetings form a core interactional context for groups and teams in organizations, this book shows that finding ways to run effective meetings is more important than ever. Managing Meetings in Organizations appeals to researchers and academic scholars in industrial and organizational psychology, management, and organizational behaviour, as well as practitioners looking for evidence-based recommendations for managing workplace meetings.

Diversity results from the constellation of individual traits, characteristics, identities, experiences, and knowledge that individuals bring to a group. When individuals come together in groups, the similarities and differences among them may have a profound influence on how they feel, communicate, establish cohesion, deal with conflict, negotiate status differences, share and integrate information, develop ideas, make decisions, process information, and solve problems. The effects of diversity are broad and complex. Although there is a long history of research on diversity, researchers are delving deeper into the moderators, contextual factors, psychological processes, and sociological constraints that impact how individuals and groups manage the complexities of diversity in organizations.This volume will help promote research on diversity in groups by identifying and integrating various areas of research related to diversity across multiple disciplinary traditions. Because researchers in so many different areas have been studying the impact of diversity, and because it plays such an important role in group process and performance, this volume includes chapters and should be relevant for scholars who sit or were trained in many different academic departments including management, communications, psychology, labor and industrial relations and sociology.