SUNY series in New Directions in Crime and Justice Studies – serie
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25 produkter
25 produkter
Discretion in Criminal Justice
The Tension Between Individualization and Uniformity
Häftad, Engelska, 1993
402 kr
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An exploration of how discretion shapes every stage of criminal justice, revealing the enduring tension between individualized judgment and system-wide fairness.What really happens when the law is applied—not in statutes or theory, but in the day-to-day decisions that shape liberty, punishment, and public safety?Discretion in Criminal Justice brings together leading scholars from the American Bar Foundation's pioneering Survey of Criminal Justice to examine one of the system's most enduring and difficult questions: when should discretion guide justice, and when must it be constrained in the name of fairness and uniformity?Across policing, prosecution, sentencing, parole, and criminal justice education, these essays illuminate the hidden architecture of decision-making that defines outcomes long before a case ever reaches trial verdict. Drawing on original research, retrospective insight, and decades of scholarly impact, the contributors reveal how discretion operates not as an exception—but as the system's organizing principle.From street-level police judgments to prosecutorial charging decisions, from plea bargaining to sentencing policy, the book traces how discretion can both humanize justice and generate deep inconsistency. It also explores the evolution of criminal justice scholarship and education shaped by the ABF Survey's legacy.Contributors include Herman Goldstein, Walter J. Dickey, Raymond I. Parnas, Wayne R. LaFave, and Donald J. Newman.
1 057 kr
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Using extensive records from federal district courts, national archives, the U.S. Sentencing Commission, and the Administrative Office of U.S. Courts, Brent Smith examines the activities of persons investigated for acts of terrorism during the 1980s. He traces the lives of the men and women who turned to terrorism in America, the goals that motivated their behavior, and the crimes they committed. In addition, the book provides detailed information regarding how shifts in federal priorities led to the capture and subsequent conviction of most of these offenders, as well as the severity with which these men and women were punished.
382 kr
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Using extensive records from federal district courts, national archives, the U.S. Sentencing Commission, and the Administrative Office of U.S. Courts, Brent Smith examines the activities of persons investigated for acts of terrorism during the 1980s. He traces the lives of the men and women who turned to terrorism in America, the goals that motivated their behavior, and the crimes they committed. In addition, the book provides detailed information regarding how shifts in federal priorities led to the capture and subsequent conviction of most of these offenders, as well as the severity with which these men and women were punished.
402 kr
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This book summarizes and integrates a vast body of previously unintegrated research regarding the effectiveness of correctional intervention, which emphasizes treatment and rehabilitation but also includes methods of control. It develops detailed as well as global methods for conducting more fruitful research in the future and for understanding why and how many programs work.
566 kr
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This book analyzes the sources and results of the fourfold increase in the U.S. correctional population since 1970. It considers the following themes: the value of punitiveness, defined as penal harm; research on crime and criminals; concerns about victims of crime; and concerns about community safety. It also analyzes the relationship between social problems and penal harm, such as poverty and crime during the twenty-year period of correctional expansion.The author argues that a careful review of proposals for expanded penal harm cannot be justified. The growth in corrections was not caused by crime nor has it reduced crime. Clear describes a new strategy for corrections based on his examination of the politics of social control and the growth in penal harm.
416 kr
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Examines both historical and contemporary patterns of crime and justice among white ethnics and nonwhite racial groups in the United States.Researchers have long noted that rates of reported crime and punishment are higher for some ethnic and racial groups in the U.S. than for others. Comparatively high rates of crime have been reported for white ethnic Americans during the past and some groups of racial minorities today. These observations have prompted much public debate and acrimony, but surprisingly little research. Contributors include Thomas A. Regulus; Joan McCord; M. Craig Brown and Barbara D. Warner; Eric Monkkonen; E. M. Beck and Stewart E. Tolnay; Martha A. Myers; Gary LaFree; Robert D. Crutchfield; Dorothy Lockwood, Anne E. Pottieger, and James A. Inciardi; William Chambliss; Coramae Richey Mann; Theodore G. Chiricos and Charles Crawford; Zoann Snyder Joy; Roland Chilton, Raymond Teske, and Harald Arnold; Pamela Irving Jackson; and Darnell F. Hawkins
Policing Under Fire
Ethnic Conflict and Police-Community Relations in Northern Ireland
Häftad, Engelska, 1994
402 kr
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A study of the conditions present in an ethnically divided society that affect police-community relationsThis book examines police-community relations in an ethnically divided society, focusing on the attitudes and experiences of the Catholic minority and the Protestant majority, and the lower-class and middle-class sections of those populations. These groups attach great importance to, but are often polarized over, issues of police accountability, the handling of complaints against the police, the legitimacy and professionalism of the police force (the Royal Ulster Constabulary), use of deadly force, and the various forms of counterinsurgency policing which is preeminent in Northern Ireland.The study specifies the conditions under which an ethnic group's relations with the police are likely to deteriorate or improve. Comparisons to other societies make this more than a case study of Northern Ireland. It is a major contribution to the literature on policing and ethnic conflict.
1 057 kr
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An examination of the factors that contribute to the risk of being victimized, such as crime rates and environmental and personal variablesFerraro examines how people interpret their risk of criminal victimization and identifies who is most likely to be afraid of crime. Although many previous studies of fear of crime do not explicitly consider the concept of risk or perceived risk in estimating the prevalence of fear, the approach taken here considers perceived risk as central to the entire interpretive process. It links national survey data on how people think about crime to official crime rates in America, and uses the comprehensive set of environmental and personal variables on a nationally representative sample to examine how fear develops for ten different types of crime.
552 kr
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An examination of the factors that contribute to the risk of being victimized, such as crime rates and environmental and personal variablesFerraro examines how people interpret their risk of criminal victimization and identifies who is most likely to be afraid of crime. Although many previous studies of fear of crime do not explicitly consider the concept of risk or perceived risk in estimating the prevalence of fear, the approach taken here considers perceived risk as central to the entire interpretive process. It links national survey data on how people think about crime to official crime rates in America, and uses the comprehensive set of environmental and personal variables on a nationally representative sample to examine how fear develops for ten different types of crime.
Simple Theory, Hard Reality
The Impact of Sentencing Reforms on Courts, Prisons, and Crime
Häftad, Engelska, 1995
489 kr
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Evaluates the impact of tough sentencing reforms on the courts, prisons, and crime. It also unpacks the resulting policy implications.This book analyzes the origins, contemporary trends, and consequences of sentencing reforms in the United States. It explores and clarifies the principles, current practices, and implementation problems of "get tough on crime" legislation that has been America's most predominant response to crime during the past two decades. In evaluating the impact of these reforms on courts, prisons, and crime, a theory of criminal sentencing reform is built and applied to the data across 47 states over almost 30 years. It relies on original analyses that yield interesting research findings and insightful interpretations.The author argues that policymakers tend to reduce complex reality to a simplistic form that predicts policy consequence and they tend to adhere to criminology theories that have policy implications that are consistent with their policy choices. The theory of criminal sentencing reform explains various casual links that link the following important factors: sentencing reform policies, sentencing behavior, the size of the prison population, and crime.This book is an important contribution to the debate over sentencing reform policy. It is essential reading for anyone wishing to understand why sentencing reforms failed to achieve their intended goals.
Preparing Convicts for Law-Abiding Lives
The Pioneering Penology of Richard A. McGee
Häftad, Engelska, 1995
382 kr
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This analysis of corrections' pioneer Richard A. McGee draws upon his many lucid writings, on comments by those who worked closely with him, and on interviews with McGee himself and others. This book interprets his efforts, accomplishments, and limitations in their historical context, yet relates them all to current possibilities and problems in crime control.In 23 years of directing California corrections, and in his national leadership that included 16 active years following retirement, McGee promoted both reformation and control of convicts. His efforts helped make staffing prisons a non-political career service, improved inmate academic and vocational education, divided large prisons into quite autonomous smaller units, expanded treatment for drug addicts, fostered prisoner contacts with their families, and encouraged new types of counseling. He also developed more intensive supervision and assistance for both parolees and probationers. And, perhaps most importantly, he created a golden age for rigorous evaluation research in corrections, including assessment of practices by controlled experiments. He brilliantly gained both bipartisan support for these innovations and for changes in criminal laws.
382 kr
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Combines quantitative and qualitative data in a careful investigation of sentencing processes and context under Pennsylvania's sentencing guidelines.Many states and the federal system have embraced sentencing guidelines as a mechanism of sentencing reform. This book draws from interactionist theories of organizations, and James Eisenstein's depiction of courts as communities, to frame an investigation of sentencing disparity, case processing, and organizational relations under Pennsylvania's sentencing guidelines. The author provides a statistical analysis of statewide sentencing outcomes and a comparative statistical and ethnographic analysis of three different-sized county courts. The statistical data show that the major influences on sentencing are legally prescribed ones, but that factors such as conviction by trial, race and gender, and court size are also significant. Ethnographic data illuminate processes behind the statistics by connecting court organizational contexts to case processing strategies, and these strategies to sentencing outcomes. The book concludes with twelve general propositions for future research, discussing possibilities and limitations of sentencing guidelines, and addressing broader issues in the sociology of crime, law, and organizations.
1 057 kr
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Examines the perspectives of inner-city residents in Athens, Georgia on policing, community policing, and the co-production of law enforcement.Assessing citizen satisfaction with local governmental services and their delivery and distribution is essential in evaluating, restructuring, and implementing effective governmental policies. Citizen evaluations provide public officials with important clues about the perceived performance of local agencies, an important factor in inner-city areas where residents have expressed considerable dissatisfaction with the delivery of police services. This book examines the perspectives of inner-city residents in Athens, Georgia and focuses on policing, community policing, and the co-production of law enforcement.A qualitative, non-experimental research design with focus-group interviewing is used to collect, explore, and examine the perceptions and attitudes of East Athens residents and community policing officers. The focus-group technique enables the researchers to gather in-depth data on the expectations of these inner-city residents and the implications for public administrations serving this community. The results of this study examine not only the police service delivery and community policing effort in question, but also more general efforts of implementation and evaluation of public policies.
376 kr
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Examines the perspectives of inner-city residents in Athens, Georgia on policing, community policing, and the co-production of law enforcement.Assessing citizen satisfaction with local governmental services and their delivery and distribution is essential in evaluating, restructuring, and implementing effective governmental policies. Citizen evaluations provide public officials with important clues about the perceived performance of local agencies, an important factor in inner-city areas where residents have expressed considerable dissatisfaction with the delivery of police services. This book examines the perspectives of inner-city residents in Athens, Georgia and focuses on policing, community policing, and the co-production of law enforcement.A qualitative, non-experimental research design with focus-group interviewing is used to collect, explore, and examine the perceptions and attitudes of East Athens residents and community policing officers. The focus-group technique enables the researchers to gather in-depth data on the expectations of these inner-city residents and the implications for public administrations serving this community. The results of this study examine not only the police service delivery and community policing effort in question, but also more general efforts of implementation and evaluation of public policies.
382 kr
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A provocative critique of the relationship between the legal system and psychology that uses chaos theory to offer a more humane alternative.Law, Psychology, and Justice charts a new and provocative direction in the area of mental health and justice studies. Relying on the science of chaos theory, the authors provide a series of compelling, clear, and concise arguments for why many of our current forensic psychology practices have failed, producing, in their wake, "illness politics." In addition, the authors explain how the interests of psychiatric citizens and the social well-being of society can be reconciled at the law-psychology divide, particularly when chaos (i.e., a mix of order and disorder) is embraced as an integral and natural, rather than disruptive and unhealthy, feature of living humanely with others. Case law illustrations are used throughout the book, grounding the more theoretically animated arguments. Issues such as the insanity defense, involuntary commitment, the right to refuse treatment, and the criteria for assessing whether a person is dangerous to self or others are discussed.
454 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
A provocative exploration of a wide range of controversies in mental health law, this book argues that the criminal justice system punishes citizens for being mentally ill.A powerful, sophisticated, and original critique on how the disciplines of law and psychiatry behave and on how the mental health and justice systems operate, Punishing the Mentally Ill reveals where, how, and why the identity and humanity of persons with psychiatric disorders are consciously and unconsciously denied. Author Bruce A. Arrigo contends that despite periodic and well-intentioned efforts at reform, the current law-psychiatry system functions to punish the mentally ill for being different. The book synthesizes a wide range of mainstream and critical literature in sociology, law, philosophy, history, psychology, and psychoanalysis to establish a new theory of punishment at the law-psychiatry divide. To situate the analysis, enduring psycholegal issues are explored including the meaning of mental illness, definitions and predictions of dangerousness, the ethics of advocacy, the right to community-based treatment, the logic of forensic courtroom verdicts, transcarceration, and the execution of mentally disordered offenders among others. Punishing the Mentally Ill shows that current mental disability law research, programming, and policy are seriously flawed and that wholesale reform is necessary if the goals of citizen justice, social well-being, and humanism are to be realized.
Organizational Structure in American Police Agencies
Context, Complexity, and Control
Inbunden, Engelska, 2003
1 057 kr
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A new theory accounts for the characteristics of individual police departments.Although most large police organizations perform the same tasks, there is tremendous variation in how individual organizations are structured. To account for this variation, author Edward R. Maguire develops a new theory that attributes the formal structures of large municipal police agencies to the contexts in which they are embedded. This theory finds that the relevant features of an organization's context are its size, age, technology, and environment. Using a database representing nearly four hundred of the nation's largest municipal police agencies, Maguire develops empirical measures of police organizations and their contexts and then uses these measures in a series of structural equation models designed to test the theory. Ultimately, police organizations are shown to be like other types of organizations in many ways but are also shown to be unique in a number of respects.
Organizational Structure in American Police Agencies
Context, Complexity, and Control
Häftad, Engelska, 2003
402 kr
Tillfälligt slut
A new theory accounts for the characteristics of individual police departments.Although most large police organizations perform the same tasks, there is tremendous variation in how individual organizations are structured. To account for this variation, author Edward R. Maguire develops a new theory that attributes the formal structures of large municipal police agencies to the contexts in which they are embedded. This theory finds that the relevant features of an organization's context are its size, age, technology, and environment. Using a database representing nearly four hundred of the nation's largest municipal police agencies, Maguire develops empirical measures of police organizations and their contexts and then uses these measures in a series of structural equation models designed to test the theory. Ultimately, police organizations are shown to be like other types of organizations in many ways but are also shown to be unique in a number of respects.
Selective Incapacitation and Public Policy
Evaluating California's Imprisonment Crisis
Inbunden, Engelska, 2003
1 057 kr
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Using cutting-edge methodologies, this book evaluates California's measures to protect the public from dangerous criminals.From the 1970s to the new millennium, the prison population in the United States has quadrupled while an unprecedented amount of sentencing reform has taken place, largely intended to protect the public from dangerous criminals. This book details the California experience, including the history and politics of criminal sentencing policy reform, as well as the consequences of this activity to the criminal justice system. Using cutting-edge computer simulation modeling, Kathleen Auerhahn explores the impact that sentencing reforms dating back to the 1970s have had on the composition and structure of the criminal justice system, with specific focus on prison populations. She illustrates how dynamic systems simulation modeling is used to both examine "possible futures" under a variety of sentencing structures and sentencing policy alternatives, including narrowing "strike zones" and the early release of elderly offenders, in order to more effectively target the dangerous criminals these policies promise to remove from society via incarceration.
Selective Incapacitation and Public Policy
Evaluating California's Imprisonment Crisis
Häftad, Engelska, 2003
382 kr
Tillfälligt slut
Using cutting-edge methodologies, this book evaluates California's measures to protect the public from dangerous criminals.From the 1970s to the new millennium, the prison population in the United States has quadrupled while an unprecedented amount of sentencing reform has taken place, largely intended to protect the public from dangerous criminals. This book details the California experience, including the history and politics of criminal sentencing policy reform, as well as the consequences of this activity to the criminal justice system. Using cutting-edge computer simulation modeling, Kathleen Auerhahn explores the impact that sentencing reforms dating back to the 1970s have had on the composition and structure of the criminal justice system, with specific focus on prison populations. She illustrates how dynamic systems simulation modeling is used to both examine "possible futures" under a variety of sentencing structures and sentencing policy alternatives, including narrowing "strike zones" and the early release of elderly offenders, in order to more effectively target the dangerous criminals these policies promise to remove from society via incarceration.
521 kr
Skickas inom 3-6 vardagar
Discusses race-conscious jury selection and highlights strategies for achieving racially mixed juries.Race in the Jury Box focuses on the racially unrepresentative jury as one of the remaining barriers to racial equality and a recurring source of controversy in American life. Because members of minority groups remain underrepresented on juries, various communities have tried race-conscious jury selection, termed "affirmative jury selection." The authors argue that affirmative jury selection can insure fairness, verdict legitimization, and public confidence in the justice system. This book offers a critical analysis and systematic examination of possible applications of race-based jury selection, examining the public perception of these measures and their constitutionality. The authors make use of court cases, their own experiences as jury consultants, and jury research, as well as statistical surveys and analysis. The work concludes with the presentation of four strategies for affirmative jury selection.
1 250 kr
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A critical look at the relationship between law and psychology.Psychological jurisprudence-or the use of psychology in the legal realm-relies on theories and methods of criminal justice and mental health to make decisions about intervention, policy, and programming. While the intentions behind the law-psychology field are humane, the results often are not. This book provides a "radical" agenda for psychological jurisprudence, one that relies on the insights of literary criticism, psychoanalysis, feminist theory, political economy analysis, postmodernism, and related strains of critical thought. Contributors reveal the roots of psycholegal logic and demonstrate how citizen justice and structural reform are displaced by so-called science and facts. A number of complex issues in the law-psychology field are addressed, including forensic mental health decision-making, parricide, competency to stand trial, adolescent identity development, penal punitiveness, and offender rehabilitation. In exploring how the current resolution to these and related controversies fail to promote the dignity or empowerment of persons with mental illness, this book suggests how the law-psychology field can meaningfully contribute to advancing the goals of justice and humanism in psycholegal theory, research, and policy.
352 kr
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A critical look at the relationship between law and psychology.Psychological jurisprudence-or the use of psychology in the legal realm-relies on theories and methods of criminal justice and mental health to make decisions about intervention, policy, and programming. While the intentions behind the law-psychology field are humane, the results often are not. This book provides a "radical" agenda for psychological jurisprudence, one that relies on the insights of literary criticism, psychoanalysis, feminist theory, political economy analysis, postmodernism, and related strains of critical thought. Contributors reveal the roots of psycholegal logic and demonstrate how citizen justice and structural reform are displaced by so-called science and facts. A number of complex issues in the law-psychology field are addressed, including forensic mental health decision-making, parricide, competency to stand trial, adolescent identity development, penal punitiveness, and offender rehabilitation. In exploring how the current resolution to these and related controversies fail to promote the dignity or empowerment of persons with mental illness, this book suggests how the law-psychology field can meaningfully contribute to advancing the goals of justice and humanism in psycholegal theory, research, and policy.
1 057 kr
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Brings the insights of postmodernism to the concerns of criminology and includes examples of how social theory can function in the real-world realm of criminal law. Winner of the 2005 Outstanding Book Award presented by the Crime and Juvenile Delinquency Division of the Society for the Study of Social ProblemsWinner of the 2005 Outstanding Book Award presented by the Crime and Juvenile Delinquency Division of the Society for the Study of Social Problems This is the first comprehensive, accessible, and integrative overview of postmodernism's contribution to law, criminology, and social justice. The book begins by reviewing the major contributions of eleven prominent figures responsible for the development of French postmodern social theory. This "first" wave includes Roland Barthes, Jean Baudrillard, Hélène Cixous, Gilles Deleuze, Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, Félix Guattari, Luce Irigaray, Julia Kristeva, Jacques Lacan, and Jean-François Lyotard. Their respective insights are then linked to "second" wave scholars who have appropriated their conceptualizations and applied them to pressing issues in law, crime, and social justice research. Compelling and concrete examples are provided for how affirmative and integrative postmodern inquiry can function meaningfully in the world of criminal justice. Topics explored include confinement law and prison resistance; critical race theory and a jurisprudence of color; media/literary studies and feminism; restorative justice and victim-offender mediation processes; and the emergence of social movements, including innocence projects and intentional communities.
382 kr
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Brings the insights of postmodernism to the concerns of criminology and includes examples of how social theory can function in the real-world realm of criminal law. Winner of the 2005 Outstanding Book Award presented by the Crime and Juvenile Delinquency Division of the Society for the Study of Social ProblemsWinner of the 2005 Outstanding Book Award presented by the Crime and Juvenile Delinquency Division of the Society for the Study of Social Problems This is the first comprehensive, accessible, and integrative overview of postmodernism's contribution to law, criminology, and social justice. The book begins by reviewing the major contributions of eleven prominent figures responsible for the development of French postmodern social theory. This "first" wave includes Roland Barthes, Jean Baudrillard, Hélène Cixous, Gilles Deleuze, Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, Félix Guattari, Luce Irigaray, Julia Kristeva, Jacques Lacan, and Jean-François Lyotard. Their respective insights are then linked to "second" wave scholars who have appropriated their conceptualizations and applied them to pressing issues in law, crime, and social justice research. Compelling and concrete examples are provided for how affirmative and integrative postmodern inquiry can function meaningfully in the world of criminal justice. Topics explored include confinement law and prison resistance; critical race theory and a jurisprudence of color; media/literary studies and feminism; restorative justice and victim-offender mediation processes; and the emergence of social movements, including innocence projects and intentional communities.